arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Vjekoslav Kovač.
Erdős and Graham found it conceivable that the best $n$-term Egyptian underapproximation of almost every positive number for sufficiently large $n$ gets constructed in a greedy manner, i.e., from the best $(n-1)$-term Egyptian underapproximation. We show that the opposite is true: the set of real numbers with this property has Lebesgue measure zero. [This note solves Problem 206 on Bloom's website "Erdős problems".]
We help Alice play a certain "convergence game" against Bob and win the prize, which is a constructive solution to a problem by Erdős and Graham, posed in their 1980 book on open questions in combinatorial number theory. Namely, after several reductions using peculiar arithmetic identities, the game outcome shows that the set of points \[ \Big(\sum_{n\in A}\frac{1}{n}, \sum_{n\in A}\frac{1}{n+1}, \sum_{n\in A}\frac{1}{n+2}\Big), \] obtained as $A$ ranges over infinite sets of positive integers, has a non-empty interior. This generalizes a two-dimensional result by Erdős and Straus.
We study a distance graph $Γ_n$ that is isomorphic to the $1$-skeleton of an $n$-dimensional unit hypercube. We show that every measurable set of positive upper Banach density in the plane contains all sufficiently large dilates of $Γ_n$. This provides the first examples of distance graphs other than the trees for which a dimensionally sharp embedding in positive density sets is known.
We establish a sharp estimate for $k$-additive energies of subsets of the discrete hypercube conjectured by de Dios Pont, Greenfeld, Ivanisvili, and Madrid in arXiv:2112.09352, which generalizes a result by Kane and Tao. This note proves the only missing ingredient, which is an elementary inequality for real numbers, previously verified only for $k\leq100$. We also give an interpretation of this inequality in terms of a lazy non-symmetric simple random walk on the integer lattice.
For every $β\in(0,\infty)$, $β\neq 1$ we prove that a positive measure subset $A$ of the unit square contains a point $(x_0,y_0)$ such that $A$ nontrivially intersects curves $y-y_0 = a (x-x_0)^β$ for a whole interval $I\subseteq(0,\infty)$ of parameters $a\in I$. A classical Nikodym set counterexample prevents one to take $β=1$, which is the case of straight lines. Moreover, for a planar set $A$ of positive density we show that the interval $I$ can be arbitrarily large on the logarithmic scale. These results can be thought of as Bourgain-style large-set variants of a recent continuous-parameter Sárközy-type theorem by Kuca, Orponen, and Sahlsten.
We prove a bi-sublinear embedding for semigroups generated by non-smooth complex-coefficient elliptic operators in divergence form and for certain mutually dual pairs of Orlicz-space norms. This generalizes a result by Carbonaro and Dragičević from power functions to more general Young functions that still behave like powers. To achieve this, we generalize a Bellman function constructed by Nazarov and Treil.
We study Fourier multiplier operators associated with symbols $ξ\mapsto \exp(iλϕ(ξ/|ξ|))$, where $λ$ is a real number and $ϕ$ is a real-valued $C^\infty$ function on the standard unit sphere $\mathbb{S}^{n-1}\subset\mathbb{R}^n$. For $1<p<\infty$ we investigate asymptotic behavior of norms of these operators on $L^p(\mathbb{R}^n)$ as $|λ|\to\infty$. We show that these norms are always $O((p^\ast-1) |λ|^{n|1/p-1/2|})$, where $p^\ast$ is the larger number between $p$ and its conjugate exponent. More substantially, we show that this bound is sharp in all even-dimensional Euclidean spaces $\mathbb{R}^n$. In particular, this gives a negative answer to a question posed by Maz'ya. Concrete operators that fall into the studied class are the multipliers forming the two-dimensional Riesz group, given by the symbols $r\exp(iφ) \mapsto \exp(iλ\cosφ)$. We show that their $L^p$ norms are comparable to $(p^\ast-1) |λ|^{2|1/p-1/2|}$ for large $|λ|$, solving affirmatively a problem suggested in the work of Dragičević, Petermichl, and Volberg.
The main result of this note is the strengthening of a quite arbitrary a priori Fourier restriction estimate to a multi-parameter maximal estimate of the same type. This allows us to discuss a certain multi-parameter Lebesgue point property of Fourier transforms, which replaces Euclidean balls by ellipsoids. Along the lines of the same proof, we also establish a $d$-parameter Menshov--Paley--Zygmund-type theorem for the Fourier transform on $\mathbb{R}^d$. Such a result is interesting for $d\geq2$ because, in a sharp contrast with the one-dimensional case, the corresponding endpoint $L^2$ estimate (i.e., a Carleson-type theorem) is known to fail since the work of C. Fefferman in 1970. Finally, we show that a Strichartz estimate for a given homogeneous constant-coefficient linear dispersive PDE can sometimes be strengthened to a certain pseudo-differential version.
Let $R_{1,2}$ be scalar Riesz transforms on $\mathbb{R}^2$. We prove that the $L^p$ norms of $k$-th powers of the operator $R_2+iR_1$ behave exactly as $|k|^{1-2/p}p$, uniformly in $k\in\mathbb{Z}\backslash\{0\}$, $p\geq2$. This gives a complete asymptotic answer to a question suggested by Iwaniec and Martin in 1996. The main novelty are the lower estimates, of which we give three different proofs. We also conjecture the exact value of $\|(R_2+iR_1)^k\|_p$. Furthermore, we establish the sharp behaviour of weak $(1,1)$ constants of $(R_2+iR_1)^k$ and an $L^\infty$ to $BMO$ estimate that is sharp up to a logarithmic factor.
We work in a discrete model of the nonlinear Fourier transform (following the terminology of Tao and Thiele), which appears in the study of orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle. The corresponding nonlinear variant of the Hausdorff-Young inequality can be deduced by adapting the ideas of Christ and Kiselev to the present discrete setting. However, the behavior of sharp constants remains largely unresolved. In this short note we give two results on these constants, after restricting our attention to either sufficiently small sequences or to sequences that are far from being the extremizers of the linear Hausdorff-Young inequality.
For a subset $A$ of $\{1,2,\ldots,N\}^2$ of size $αN^2$ we show existence of $(m,n)\neq(0,0)$ such that the set $A$ contains at least $(α^3 - o(1))N^2$ triples of points of the form $(a,b)$, $(a+m,b+n)$, $(a-n,b+m)$. This answers a question by Ackelsberg, Bergelson, and Best from arXiv:2101.02811. The same approach also establishes the corresponding result for compact abelian groups. Furthermore, for a finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$ we comment on exponential smallness of subsets of $(\mathbb{F}_q^n)^2$ that avoid the aforementioned configuration. The proofs are minor modifications of the existing proofs regarding three-term arithmetic progressions.
We prove a dimension-free $L^p(Ω)\times L^q(Ω)\times L^r(Ω)\rightarrow L^1(Ω\times (0,\infty))$ embedding for triples of elliptic operators in divergence form with complex coefficients and subject to mixed boundary conditions on $Ω$, and for triples of exponents $p,q,r\in(1,\infty)$ mutually related by the identity $1/p+1/q+1/r=1$. Here $Ω$ is allowed to be an arbitrary open subset of $\mathbb{R}^d$. Our assumptions involving the exponents and coefficient matrices are expressed in terms of a condition known as $p$-ellipticity. The proof utilizes the method of Bellman functions and heat flows. As a corollary, we give applications to (i) paraproducts and (ii) square functions associated with the corresponding operator semigroups, moreover, we prove (iii) inequalities of Kato--Ponce type for elliptic operators with complex coefficients. All the above results are the first of their kind for elliptic divergence-form operators with complex coefficients on arbitrary open sets. Furthermore, the approach to (ii),(iii) through trilinear embeddings seems to be new.
We prove that if $E \subseteq \mathbb{R}^d$ ($d\geq 2$) is a Lebesgue-measurable set with density larger than $\frac{n-2}{n-1}$, then $E$ contains similar copies of every $n$-point set $P$ at all sufficiently large scales. Moreover, `sufficiently large' can be taken to be uniform over all $P$ with prescribed size, minimum separation and diameter. On the other hand, we construct an example to show that the density required to guarantee all large similar copies of $n$-point sets tends to $1$ at a rate $1- O(n^{-1/5}\log n)$.
Several results in the existing literature establish Euclidean density theorems of the following strong type. These results claim that every set of positive upper Banach density in the Euclidean space of an appropriate dimension contains isometric copies of all sufficiently large elements of a prescribed family of finite point configurations. So far, all results of this type discussed linear isotropic dilates of a fixed point configuration. In this paper we initiate the study of analogous density theorems for families of point configurations generated by anisotropic dilations, i.e., families with power-type dependence on a single parameter interpreted as their size. More specifically, here we prove nonisotropic power-type generalizations of a result by Bourgain on vertices of a simplex, a result by Lyall and Magyar on vertices of a rectangular box, and a result on distance trees, which is a particular case of the treatise of distance graphs by Lyall and Magyar. Another source of motivation for this paper is providing additional evidence for the versatility of the approach stemming from the work of Cook, Magyar, and Pramanik and its modification used recently by Durcik and the present author. Finally, yet another purpose of this paper is to single out anisotropic multilinear singular integral operators associated with the above combinatorial problems, as they are interesting on their own.
We establish variational estimates related to the problem of restricting the Fourier transform of a three-dimensional function to the two-dimensional Euclidean sphere. At the same time, we give a short survey of the recent field of maximal Fourier restriction theory.
We prove a.e. convergence of continuous-time quadratic averages with respect to two commuting $\mathbb{R}$-actions, coming from a single jointly measurable measure-preserving $\mathbb{R}^2$-action on a probability space. The key ingredient of the proof comes from recent work on multilinear singular integrals; more specifically, from the study of a curved model for the triangular Hilbert transform.
We investigate gaps of $n$-term arithmetic progressions $x, x+y, \ldots, x+(n-1)y$ inside a positive measure subset $A$ of the unit cube $[0,1]^d$. If lengths of their gaps $y$ are evaluated in the $\ell^p$-norm for any $p$ other than $1, 2, \ldots, n-1$, and $\infty$, and if the dimension $d$ is large enough, then we show that the numbers $\|y\|_{\ell^p}$ attain all values from an interval, the length of which depends only on $n$, $p$, $d$, and the measure of $A$. Known counterexamples prevent generalizations of this result to the remaining values of the exponent $p$. We also give an explicit bound for the length of the aforementioned interval. The proof makes the bound depend on the currently available bounds in Szemerédi's theorem on the integers, which are used as a black box. A key ingredient of the proof are power-type cancellation estimates for operators resembling the multilinear Hilbert transforms. As a byproduct of the approach we obtain a quantitative improvement of the corresponding (previously known) result for side lengths of $n$-dimensional cubes with vertices lying in a positive measure subset of $([0,1]^2)^n$.
We prove that sets with positive upper Banach density in sufficiently large dimensions contain congruent copies of all sufficiently large dilates of three specific higher-dimensional patterns. These patterns are: $2^n$ vertices of a fixed $n$-dimensional rectangular box, the same vertices extended with $n$ points completing three-term arithmetic progressions, and the same vertices extended with $n$ points completing three-point corners. Our results provide common generalizations of several Euclidean density theorems from the literature.