Searcharxiv⌕ Search

arXiv subjects

Vlad Bally

Publications and source records attributed to Vlad Bally.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

An Invariance Principle for Stochastic Series II. Non Gaussian Limits

We study the convergence in total variation distance for series of the form $$ S_{N}(c,Z)=\sum_{l=1}^{N}\sum_{i_{1}<\cdots<i_{l}}c(i_{1},...,i_{l})Z_{i_{1}}\cdots Z_{i_{l}}, $$ where $Z_{k},k\in {\mathbb{N}}$ are independent centered random variables with ${\mathbb{E}}(Z_{k}^{2})=1$. This enters in the framework of the $U$--statistics theory which plays a major role in modern statistic. In the case when $Z_{k},k\in {\mathbb{N}}$ are standard normal, $S_{N}(c,Z)$ is an element of the sum of the first $N$ Wiener chaoses and, starting with the seminal paper of D. Nualart and G. Peccati, the convergence of such functionals to the Gaussian law has been extensively studied. So the interesting point consists in studying invariance principles, that is, to replace Gaussian random variables with random variables with a general law. This has been done in several papers using the Fortet--Mourier distance, the Kolmogorov distance or the total variance distance. In particular, estimates of the total variance distance in terms of the fourth order cumulants has been given in the part I (Gaussian limits) of the present paper. But, as the celebrated Fourth Moment Theorem of Nualart and Peccati shows, such estimates are pertinent to deal with Gaussian limits. In the present paper we study the convergence to general limits which may be non Gaussian, and then the estimates of the error has to be done in terms of the low influence factor only.

math.PR↗

Asymptotic development for the CLT in total variation distance

The aim of this paper is to study the asymptotic expansion in total variation in the Central Limit Theorem when the law of the basic random variable is locally lower-bounded by the Lebesgue measure (or equivalently, has an absolutely continuous component): we develop the error in powers of $n^{-1/2}$ and give an explicit formula for the approximating measure.

math.PR↗

A probabilistic interpretation of the parametrix method

In this article, we introduce the parametrix technique in order to construct fundamental solutions as a general method based on semigroups and their generators. This leads to a probabilistic interpretation of the parametrix method that is amenable to Monte Carlo simulation. We consider the explicit examples of continuous diffusions and jump driven stochastic differential equations with Hölder continuous coefficients.

math.PR↗

An invariance principle for stochastic series I. Gaussian limits

We study invariance principles and convergence to a Gaussian limit for stochastic series of the form $S(c,Z)=\sum_{m=1}^{\infty }\sum_{α_{1}<...<α_{m}}c(α_{1},...,α_{m})\prod_{i=1}^{m}Z_{α_{i}}$ where $Z_{k}$, $k\in \mathbb{N}$, is a sequence of centred independent random variables of unit variance. In the case when the $Z_{k}$'s are Gaussian, $S(c,Z)$ is an element of the Wiener chaos and convergence to a Gaussian limit (so the corresponding nonlinear CLT) has been intensively studied by Nualart, Peccati, Nourdin and several other authors. The invariance principle consists in taking $Z_{k}$ with a general law. It has also been considered in the literature, starting from the seminal papers of Jong, and a variety of applications including $U$-statistics are of interest. Our main contribution is to study the convergence in total variation distance and to give estimates of the error.

math.PR↗

On the distance between probability density functions

We give estimates of the distance between the densities of the laws of two functionals $F$ and $G$ on the Wiener space in terms of the Malliavin-Sobolev norm of $F-G.$ We actually consider a more general framework which allows one to treat with similar (Malliavin type) methods functionals of a Poisson point measure (solutions of jump type stochastic equations). We use the above estimates in order to obtain a criterion which ensures that convergence in distribution implies convergence in total variation distance; in particular, if the functionals at hand are absolutely continuous, this implies convergence in $L^{1}$ of the densities.

math.PR↗

Regularity of probability laws by using an interpolation method

We study the problem of the existence and regularity of a probability density in an abstract framework based on a "balancing" with approximating absolutely continuous laws. Typically, the absolutely continuous property for the approximating laws can be proved by standard techniques from Malliavin calculus whereas for the law of interest no Malliavin integration by parts formulas are available. Our results are strongly based on the use of suitable Hermite polynomial series expansions and can be merged into the theory of interpolation spaces. We then apply the results to the solution to a stochastic differential equation with a local Hörmander condition or to the solution to the stochastic heat equation, in both cases under weak conditions on the coefficients relaxing the standard Lipschitz or Hölder continuity requests.

math.PR↗

Tubes estimates for diffusion processes under a local Hörmander condition of order one

We consider a diffusion process $X_{t}$ and a skeleton curve $x_{t}(ϕ)$ and we give a lower bound for $P(\sup_{t\leq T}d(X_{t},x_{t}(ϕ))\leq R)$. This result is obtained under the hypothesis that the strong Hörmander condition of order one (which involves the diffusion vector fields and the first Lie brackets) holds in every point $x_{t}(ϕ),0\leq t\leq T.$ Here $d$ is a distance which reflects the non isotropic behavior of the diffusion process which moves with speed $\sqrt{t}$ in the directions of the diffusion vector fields but with speed $t$ in the directions of the first order Lie brackets. We prove that $d$ is locally equivalent with the standard control metric $d_{c}$ and that our estimates hold for $d_{c}$ as well.

math.PR↗

Bounds on Stock Price probability distributions in Local-Stochastic Volatility models

We show that in a large class of stochastic volatility models with additional skew-functions (local-stochastic volatility models) the tails of the cumulative distribution of the log-returns behave as exp(-c|y|), where c is a positive constant depending on time and on model parameters. We obtain this estimate proving a stronger result: using some estimates for the probability that Ito processes remain around a deterministic curve from Bally et al. '09, we lower bound the probability that the couple (X,V) remains around a two-dimensional curve up to a given maturity, X being the log-return process and V its instantaneous variance. Then we find the optimal curve leading to the bounds on the terminal cdf. The method we rely on does not require inversion of characteristic functions but works for general coefficients of the underlying SDE (in particular, no affine structure is needed). Even though the involved constants are less sharp than the ones derived for stochastic volatility models with a particular structure, our lower bounds entail moment explosion, thus implying that Black-Scholes implied volatility always displays wings in the considered class of models. In a second part of this paper, using Malliavin calculus techniques, we show that an analogous estimate holds for the density of the log-returns as well.

q-fin.PR↗

Riesz transform and integration by parts formulas for random variables

We use integration by parts formulas to give estimates for the $L^p$ norm of the Riesz transform. This is motivated by the representation formula for conditional expectations of functionals on the Wiener space already given in Malliavin and Thalmaier. As a consequence, we obtain regularity and estimates for the density of non degenerated functionals on the Wiener space. We also give a semi-distance which characterizes the convergence to the boundary of the set of the strict positivity points for the density.

math.PR↗

Regularization properties of the 2D homogeneous Boltzmann equation without cutoff

We consider the 2-dimensional spatially homogeneous Boltzmann equation for hard potentials. We assume that the initial condition is a probability measure that has some exponential moments and is not a Dirac mass. We prove some regularization properties: for a class of very hard potentials, the solution instantaneously belongs to $H^r$, for some $r\in (-1,2)$ depending on the parameters of the equation. Our proof relies on the use of a well-suited Malliavin calculus for jump processes.

math.PR↗

Integration by parts formula and applications to equations with jumps

We establish an integration by parts formula in an abstract framework in order to study the regularity of the law for processes solution of stochastic differential equations with jumps, including equations with discontinuous coefficients for which the Malliavin calculus developed by Bismut and Bichteler, Gravereaux and Jacod fails.

math.PR↗

Lower bounds for the density of locally elliptic Itô processes

We give lower bounds for the density $p_T(x,y)$ of the law of $X_t$, the solution of $dX_t=σ(X_t) dB_t+b(X_t) dt,X_0=x,$ under the following local ellipticity hypothesis: there exists a deterministic differentiable curve $x_t, 0\leq t\leq T$, such that $x_0=x, x_T=y$ and $σσ^*(x_t)>0,$ for all $t\in \lbrack 0,T].$ The lower bound is expressed in terms of a distance related to the skeleton of the diffusion process. This distance appears when we optimize over all the curves which verify the above ellipticity assumption. The arguments which lead to the above result work in a general context which includes a large class of Wiener functionals, for example, Itô processes. Our starting point is work of Kohatsu-Higa which presents a general framework including stochastic PDE's.

math.PR↗

Integration by parts formula for locally smooth laws and applications to sensitivity computations

We consider random variables of the form $F=f(V_1,...,V_n)$, where $f$ is a smooth function and $V_i,i\in\mathbb{N}$, are random variables with absolutely continuous law $p_i(y) dy$. We assume that $p_i$, $i=1,...,n$, are piecewise differentiable and we develop a differential calculus of Malliavin type based on $\partial\ln p_i$. This allows us to establish an integration by parts formula $E(\partial_iϕ(F)G)=E(ϕ(F)H_i(F,G))$, where $H_i(F,G)$ is a random variable constructed using the differential operators acting on $F$ and $G.$ We use this formula in order to give numerical algorithms for sensitivity computations in a model driven by a Lévy process.

math.PR↗