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Vladimír Balek

Publications and source records attributed to Vladimír Balek.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2023

Radiation in the black hole - plasma system: propagation in equatorial plane

Effect of cold plasma on the form of rays propagating in the equatorial plane of a rotating black hole is investigated. Two kinds of regions in the radius-impact parameter plane allowed for the rays are constructed: for radiation with a given frequency at infinity and for radiation with a given ``telescope frequency'' seen by a local observer. The form of allowed regions for locally nonrotating observers as well as observers falling freely from infinity is established. The allowed regions contain rays which directly reach the horizon, or there exists a ``neck'' connecting the forbidden regions such that the rays coming from infinity cannot reach the horizon. In case we considered a set of observers at various radii instead of the neck we find two different regions -- from one the rays reach the horizon and not infinity and from the other one they reach infinity, but not the horizon. The results are analyzed by analytical methods and illustrated by figures constructed numerically.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2019

Constraints on modified dispersion relations

Deviation from standard dispersion relations for electrons and photons in the form of an extra term proportional to an arbitrarily high power of momentum is studied. It is shown that observational constraints lead to a region in the parametric space that is similar in shape to the region obtained earlier in a theory in which the extra term was proportional to third power of momentum.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2019

Effect of black hole--plasma system on light beams

In the paper we discuss propagation of light around Kerr black hole surrounded by non-magnetized cold plasma with infinite conductivity. For that purpose, we use equations for propagation of light rays obtained within Synge's approach in the approximation of geometrical optics. We derive equation of deviation of a ray propagating close to the reference ray, which is a generalization of the well-known Jacobi equation, and use it to calculate the modification of angular distribution of stars observed close to a black hole surrounded by plasma, compared to the uniform star distribution that would be seen without black hole or plasma. We place the observer in the equatorial plane of the Kerr black hole and try various choices of plasma distributions described by mathematically simple formulae. Key features of star distribution on a local sky near the black hole are identified and the influence of plasma on them is discussed.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2018

Remarks on the Bojowald--Paily paper Deformed general relativity

A couple of technicalities in the paper M. Bojowald, G. Paily, Phys. Rev. D 87, 044044 (2013) are discussed. The explicit formula given there for the function entering the modified hypersurface-deformed algebra, which presumably originates in loop quantum gravity, seems to be oversimplified, and the embedding of deformed special relativity in deformed general relativity proposed there for spherically symmetric models raises some questions as well.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2017

Effect of radiation-like solid on small-scale CMB anisotropies

We compute the CMB angular power spectrum in the presence of a radiation-like solid - elastic matter with the same pressure to energy density ratio as radiation but with nonzero shear modulus. For the values of shear modulus that are close enough to zero, so that the effect of the solid on large-scale anisotropies remains within cosmic variance, we find that there is an observable effect of the solid on small-scale anisotropies.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2015

Cosmological perturbations in the presence of a solid with positive pressure

Evolution of scalar perturbations in a universe containing solid matter with positive pressure is studied. Solution for pure solid is found and matched with solution for ideal fluid, including the case when the pressure to energy density ratio $w$ has a jump. Two classes of solutions are explored in detail, solutions with radiation-like solid ($w = 1/3$) and solutions with stiff solid ($w > 1/3$) appearing in a universe filled with radiation. For radiation-like solid, an almost flat spectrum of large-scale perturbations is obtained only if the shear stress to energy density ratio $ξ$ is close to zero, $|ξ| \lesssim 10^{-5}$. For a solid with stiff equation of state, large-scale perturbations are enhanced for $ξ$ negative and suppressed for $ξ$ positive. If the solid dominated the dynamics of the universe long enough, perturbations could end up suppressed as much as by several orders of magnitude, and in order that the inclination of the large-scale spectrum is consistent with observations, radiation must have prevailed over the solid long enough before recombination. In Newtonian gauge, corrections to metric and energy density are typically much greater than 1 in the first period after the shear stress appears, but the linearized theory is still applicable because the corrections stay small when one uses the proper-time comoving gauge.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2015

Suppression of large-scale perturbations by stiff solid

Evolution of large-scale scalar perturbations in the presence of stiff solid (solid with pressure to energy density ratio > 1/3) is studied. If the solid dominated the dynamics of the universe long enough, the perturbations could end up suppressed by as much as several orders of magnitude. To avoid too steep large-angle power spectrum of CMB, radiation must have prevailed over the solid long enough before recombination.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2015

Effect of radiation-like solid on CMB anisotropies

We compute the power in the lowest multipoles of CMB anisotropies in the presence of radiation-like solid, a hypothetical new kind of radiation with nonzero shear modulus. If only the ordinary Sachs-Wolfe effect is taken into account, the shear modulus to energy density ratio must be in absolute value of order $10^{-5}$ or less for the theory to be consistent with observations within cosmic variance. With the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect switched on, the constraint is relaxed almost by two orders of magnitude.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2014

From 'nothing' to inflation and back again

A procedure for solving Wheeler-DeWitt equation in Euclidean region, following step by step the construction of tunneling wave function in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics by Banks, Bender and Wu, is proposed. Solutions for a universe satisfying no-boundary condition and a universe created from 'nothing' are compared to the corresponding solutions for a particle in a two-dimensional potential well, and effects of indefiniteness of metric and zero energy in Wheeler-DeWitt equation are discussed.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2012

Mechanics of plates

The theory of deformed plates in mechanical equilibrium is formulated and properties of circular plates lifted at the center are discussed.

physics.class-ph↗
arXiv2011

LIPS-thermalization of a relativistic gas

It is argued that two-particle collisions of relativistic particles "at a distance", irrespective of their position in the configuration space, generate uniform distribution of particles in Lorentz invariant phase space.

hep-th↗
arXiv2010

Evolution of a black hole-inhabited brane close to reconnection

Last moments of a mini black hole escaping from a brane are studied. It is argued that at the point of reconnection, where the piece of the brane attached to the black hole separates from the rest, the worldsheet of the brane becomes isotropic (light-like). The degenerate mode of evolution, with the worldsheet isotropic everywhere, is investigated. In particular, it is shown that the brane approaches the reconnection point from below if it reconnects within a certain limit distance, and from above if it reconnects beyond that distance. The rate of relaxation to the degenerate mode is established. If the dimension of the brane is $p$, the nondegeneracy, measured by the determinant of the relevant part of the induced metric tensor, falls down as (latitudinal angle)$^{2(p - 1)}$.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2008

Group velocity of gravitational waves in an expanding universe

The group velocity of gravitational waves in a flat Friedman-Robertson-Walker universe is investigated. For plane waves with wavelength well inside the horizon, and a universe filled with an ideal fluid with the pressure to density ratio less than 1/3, the group velocity is greater than the velocity of light. As a result, a planar pulse of gravitational waves propagating through the universe during the matter/dark energy dominated era arrives to the observer with the peak shifted towards the forefront. For gravitational waves emitted by inspiralling supermassive black holes at the edge of the observable universe, the typical shift that remains after the effects of nonplanarity are suppressed is of order of ten picoseconds.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2007

Plane waves in a relativistic homogeneous and isotropic elastic continuum

Propagation of gravitational and acoustic plane waves in a flat universe filled with a general relativistic, homogeneous and isotropic, spatially flat continuum is studied. The continuum is described by analogues of nonrelativistic characteristics, namely energy per particle, pressure and Lame coefficients, and considered in the comoving proper-time gauge. For all modes with the given wave covector, differential equations governing the time dependence of the amplitudes are derived. In particular, longitudinal acoustic waves are described, in analogy with the nonrelativistic theory, by two coupled first-order equations. As an example, plane waves in a stiff ultrarigid continuum are considered.

gr-qc↗