Restoration of the magnetic hc/e-periodicity in unconventional superconductors
We consider the energy of the filled quasiparticle's Fermi sea of a macroscopic superconducting ring threaded by an hc/2e-vortex, when the material of the ring is of an unconventional pairing symmetry. The energy relative to the one for the hc/e-vortex configuration is finite, positive, and inversely proportional to ring's inner radius. We argue that the existence of this energy in unconventional superconductors removes the commonly assumed degeneracy between the odd and the even vortices, with the loss of the concomitant hc/2e periodicity in external magnetic field as a consequence. This macroscopic quantum effect should be observable in nanosized unconventional superconductors with a small phase stiffness, such as deeply underdoped YBCO with Tc < 5K.