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Vladimir S. Mashkevich

Publications and source records attributed to Vladimir S. Mashkevich.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2011

The Regular Universe

A regular (i.e., singularity-free) cycling cosmological model is advanced. In the model, there are only two constants: the gravitational constant (or the Planck time) and the cosmic period. The radius of the universe is a simple periodic function of cosmic time. The regularity of the construction is achieved via the condition that the measure associated with metric be the Haar measure on the 3-space. The possibility of the construction is due to dark matter---as long as it is treated not as a particle matter, but as a compensational tensor field. The metrodynamical equation, i.e., an equation for metric, is derived and expressions for the pressure, energy and momentum compensons are obtained.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2010

The Principle of Sufficient Reason and Quantum Determinism

The Principle of Sufficient Reason implies determinism. An explicit indeterministic quantum jump dynamics is constructed, which may be naturally transformed into a deterministic one. A consistent application of the Principle of Sufficient Reason results in a canonical deterministic dynamics.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2010

Compensational Gravity Fundamentals and an Application: The Cycling Universe

Compensational gravity, which is regarded as a fundamental theory, is an advanced version of semiclassical gravity. It is a construction which extends the Einstein equation. Along with the energy-momentum tensor, the extended Einstein equation includes the compensation tensor, or compenson. The latter compensates for the energy-momentum tensor insufficiency, which consists in the discontinuity in time (due to quantum state reduction) and in space (due to sharp cutoff), as well as in an anomaly (nonrealistic state equation and nonzero divergence). The compenson is a primary object, for which equations are formulated. Specifically, purely dark objects may or may not exist. The dynamics of compensational gravity gives rise naturally to the cosmological constant, or dark energy and to dark matter: The compenson versus particle dark matter. On the basis of the dynamics, a cycling model of the closed universe is constructed.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2009

The Eternal Closed Universe: Deflation-Inflation

An outgrowth of the idea of inflation is advanced. In the inflation regime, the singularity condition is broken. Equations which govern inflation are invariant under time reversal, so that they describe deflation as well. Those two observations suggest that inflation may be extended to the following process: deflation (t<0)--minimum radius >0 (t=0)--inflation (t>0), with no singularity. A relevant construction is carried out in the framework both of classical and of reductive semiclassical gravity. The construction results in an eternal (-\infty<t<\infty) contracting-expanding closed universe.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2009

On Dark Matter Problem: Pseudomatter--Concept and Applications

A solution to the dark matter problem is set forth in the framework of reductive semiclassical gravity, i.e., semiclassical gravity involving quantum state reduction. In that theory, the Einstein equation includes the energy-momentum tensor originating from pseudomatter and partially compensating for quantum jumps of the matter energy-momentum tensor. The compensation ensures the continuity of metric and of its first time derivative. Pseudomatter is actualized as pseudodust and perceived as a dark matter. The necessity of compensating for quantum jumps makes pseudomatter, i.e., dark matter of such a form, an indispensable rather than ad hoc element of the theory. Applications: The Schwarzschild solution with pseudomatter, pseudomatter halo, collapse involving pseudomatter, pseudomatter in the FLRW universe.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2008

Gauge Boson Theory of Quantum State Reduction

A theory of quantum state reduction is advanced. It is based on two principles: (1) Gauge decomposition; (2) Maximum entropy. To wit: (1) The reduction decomposition of a state vector is the Schmidt decomposition with respect to the states of a set of (dressed) gauge boson modes; (2) The reduction instant is that of the maximum entropy of a resulting mixed state. The theory determines states undergoing the reduction, its instant, resulting pure states and their probabilities. Applications: (Polarized) photon absorption and transmission, emission, particle detection, reduction of a superposition of states, nonintegral photon states, photon and matter-photon entanglement, processes with weak bosons, and the role of gluons.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2007

On Nondemolition Measurements of Photon Number: A Comment on quant-ph/0612031

Experimental results stated in quant-ph/0612031 are seminal: The authors have realized nondemolition measurements of the photon number. As to the interpretation of the results, it seems to be less than convincing: The treatment of the system state and of the role of measurement is not compatible with the conventional point of view. We propose an adequate treatment, in which the experimental results are a manifestation of a partial Zeno effect (a slowdown of relaxation).

quant-ph↗
arXiv2006

Covariance, Geometricity, Setting, and Dynamical Structures on Cosmological Manifold

The treatment of the principle of general covariance based on coordinate systems, i.e., on classical tensor analysis suffers from an ambiguity. A more preferable formulation of the principle is based on modern differential geometry: the formulation is coordinate-free. Then the principle may be called ``principle of geometricity.'' In relation to coordinate transformations, there had been confusions around such concepts as symmetry, covariance, invariance, and gauge transformations. Clarity has been achieved on the basis of a group-theoretical approach and the distinction between absolute and dynamical objects. In this paper, we start from arguments based on structures on cosmological manifold rather than from group-theoretical ones, and introduce the notion of setting elements. The latter create a scene on which dynamics is performed. The characteristics of the scene and dynamical structures on it are considered.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2005

On Quantum Interference: No Decoherence From an Actual Movable Mirror

There exists a commonly accepted viewpoint that a movable mirror in an interferometer should cause interference breakdown due to a quantum jump to one of the two components of a photon mode. That effect goes back to Dirac. We argue that the conventional reasoning is inadequate: First, it would be more circumspect to interpret interference breakdown as being due to the entanglement of the photon with the mirror, not referring to quantum jumps. Second--and crucial--even in such an interpretation, the reasoning does not take into account the uncertainty of the mirror momentum. The effect of the entanglement and interference breakdown would take place if the uncertainty were much less than the recoil momentum, which is of the order of the photon momentum. However, an examination leads to the conclusion that for an actual mirror the opposite situation occurs. Thus there should be no such effect.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2004

General Relativity and Quantum Jumps: The Existence of Nondiffeomorphic Solutions to the Cauchy Problem in Nonempty Spacetime and Quantum Jumps as a Provider of a Canonical Spacetime Structure

It is shown that in spite of a generally accepted concept, there exist nondiffeomorphic solutions to the Cauchy problem in nonempty spacetime, which implies the necessity for canonical complementary conditions. It is nonlocal quantum jumps that provide a canonical global structure of spacetime manifold and, by the same token, the canonical complementary conditions.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2003

Cosmological Quantum Jump Dynamics II. The Retrodictive Universe

This paper is a continuation of the paper gr-qc/0203045 and is devoted to the problem of the arrow of time. A deterministic past-directed dynamics is constructed, which results in the retrodictive universe. A future-directed dynamics of the latter is indeterministic and reproduces standard probabilistic quantum dynamics. The arrow of time is inherent in the retrodictive universe as well as a future-directed increase of informational entropy.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2002

Cosmological Quantum Jump Dynamics I. The Principle of Cosmic Energy Determinacy, Equations of Motion, and Jumps Probabilities

The universe, as a closed system, is for all time in a state with a determinate value of energy, i.e., in an eigenstate of the Hamiltonian. That is the principle of cosmic energy determinacy. The Hamiltonian depends on cosmic time through metric. Therefore there are confluence and branch points of energy levels. At branch points, quantum jumps must happen to prevent the violation of energy determinacy. Thus quantum jumps are a reaction against the propensity of the universe dynamics to that violation. On the basis of this idea, an internally consistent quantum jump dynamics is developed.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2001

The Indeterministic Einstein Equation: Quantum Jumps, Spacetime Structure, and Dark Pseudomatter

Current physics is faced with the fundamental problem of unifying quantum theory and general relativity, which would have resulted in quantum gravity. The main effort to construct the latter has been bent on quantizing spacetime structure, in particular metric. Meanwhile, taking account of the indeterministic aspect of the quantum description of matter, which manifests itself in quantum jumps, essentially affects classical spacetime structure and the Einstein equation. Quantum jumps give rise to a family of sets of simultaneous events, which implies the existence of universal cosmological time. In view of the jumps, the requirement for metric and its time derivative to be continuous implies that the Einstein equation should involve pseudomatter along with matter. Pseudomatter manifests itself only in gravitational effects, being thereby an absolutely dark ``matter''.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2000

Unboundable Spacetimes with Metric Singularities and Matching Metrics and Geodesics: A Black-White Hole and a Big Crunch-Bang

Singularity theorems of general relativity utilize the notion of causal geodesic incompleteness as a criterion of the presence of a spacetime singularity. The incompleteness of a causal curve implies the end and/or beginning of the existence of a particle, which is an event. In the commonly accepted approach, singularities are not incorporated into spacetime. Thus spacetime turns out to be event-incomplete. With creation from nothing, singularities are sources of lawlessness. A straightforward way around those conceptual problems consists in including metric singularities in spacetime and then matching metrics and causal geodesics at the singularities. To this end, a spacetime manifold is assumed to be unboundable, so that singularities may only be interior. The matching the geodesics is achieved through weakening conditions for their smoothness. This approach is applied to a black-white hole and a big crunch-bang.

gr-qc↗
arXiv1998

Classical and Quantum Fields in Curved Spacetime: Canonical Theory versus Conventional Construction

We argue that the conventional construction for quantum fields in curved spacetime has a grave drawback: It involves an uncountable set of physical field systems which are nonequivalent with respect to the Bogolubov transformations, and there is, in general, no canonical way for choosing a single system. Thus the construction does not result in a definite theory. The problem of ambiguity pertains equally both to quantum and classical fields. The canonical theory is advanced, which is based on a canonical, or natural choice of field modes. The principal characteristic feature of the theory is relativistic-gravitational nonlocality: The field at a spacetime point $(s,t)$ depends on the metric at $t$ in the whole 3-space. The most fundamental and shocking result is the following: In the case of a free field in curved spacetime, there is no particle creation. Applications to cosmology and black holes are given. The results for particle energies are in complete agreement with those of general relativity. A model of the universe is advanced, which is an extension of the Friedmann universe; it lifts the problem of missing dark matter.

gr-qc↗
arXiv1998

Quantum Fields in Curved Spacetime: Quantum-Gravitational Nonlocality and Conservation of Particle Numbers

We argue that the conventional quantum field theory in curved spacetime has a grave drawback: The canonical commutation relations for quantum fields and conjugate momenta do not hold. Thus the conventional theory should be denounced and the related results revised. A Hamiltonian version of the canonical formalism for a free scalar quantum field is advanced, and the fundamentals of an appropriate theory are constructed. The principal characteristic feature of the theory is quantum-gravitational nonlocality: The Schroedinger field operator at time t depends on the metric at t in the whole 3-space. Applications to cosmology and black holes are given, the results being in complete agreement with those of general relativity for particles in curved spacetime. A model of the universe is advanced, which is an extension of the Friedmann universe; it lifts the problem of missing dark matter. A fundamental and shocking result is the following: There is no particle creation in the case of a free quantum field in curved spacetime; in particular, neither the expanding universe nor black holes create particles.

gr-qc↗
arXiv1998

Indeterministic Quantum Gravity and Cosmology XI. Quantum Measurement

This paper is a sequel to the series of papers [gr-qc/9409010, gr-qc/9505034, gr-qc/9603022, gr-qc/9609035, gr-qc/9609046, gr-qc/9704033, gr-qc/9704038, gr-qc/9708014, gr-qc/9802016, gr-qc/9802022]. We define a quantum measurement as a sequence of binary quantum jumps caused by a macroscopic apparatus. A dynamical theory of measurement is developed, the role of gravity and cosmology being emphasized.

gr-qc↗