arXiv subjects

W Xu

Publications and source records attributed to W Xu.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2021

Rapid and Accurate Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Mutations using a Cas12a-based Sensing Platform

The increasing prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with spike mutations has raised concerns owing to higher transmission rates, disease severity, and escape from neutralizing antibodies. Rapid and accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants provides crucial information concerning the outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 variants and possible lines of transmission. This information is vital for infection prevention and control. We used a Cas12a-based RT-PCR combined with CRISPR on-site rapid detection system (RT-CORDS) platform to detect the key mutations in SARS-COV-2 variants, such as 69/70 deletion, N501Y, and D614G. We used type-specific CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) to identify wild-type (crRNA-W) and mutant (crRNA-M) sequences of SARS-CoV-2. We successfully differentiated mutant variants from wild-type SARS-CoV-2 with a sensitivity of $10^{-17}$ M (approximately 6 copies/$\mu$L). The assay took just 10 min with the Cas12a/crRNA reaction after a simple RT-PCR using a fluorescence reporting system. In addition, a sensitivity of $10^{-16}$ M could be achieved when lateral flow strips were used as readouts. The accuracy of RT-CORDS for SARS-CoV-2 variant detection was 100% consistent with the sequencing data. In conclusion, using the RT-CORDS platform, we accurately, sensitively, specifically, and rapidly detected SARS-CoV-2 variants. This method may be used in clinical diagnosis.

q-bio.QM↗

arXiv2018

Recent Results from the Majorana Demonstrator

The MAJORANA Collaboration has completed construction and is now operating an array of high purity Ge detectors searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0νββ$) in $^{76}$Ge. The array, known as the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR, is comprised of 44 kg of Ge detectors (30 kg enriched to 88% in $^{76}$Ge) installed in an ultra-low background compact shield at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota. The primary goal of the DEMONSTRATOR is to establish a low-background design that can be scaled to a next-generation tonne-scale experiment. This work reports initial background levels in the $0νββ$ region of interest. Also presented are recent physics results leveraging P-type point-contact detectors with sub-keV energy thresholds to search for physics beyond the Standard Model; first results from searches for bosonic dark matter, solar axions, Pauli exclusion principle violation, and electron decay have been published. Finally, this work discusses the proposed tonne-scale $^{76}$Ge $0νββ$ LEGEND experiment.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2017

Progress Toward A $2νββ$ Measurement For The Majorana Demonstrator

The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR is a $^{76}$Ge-based neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0νββ$) experiment. Staged at the 4850 ft level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility, the DEMONSTRATOR operates an array of high-purity p-type point contact Ge detectors deployed within a graded passive shield and an active muon veto system. The present work concerns the two-neutrino double-beta decay mode ($2νββ$) of $^{76}$Ge. For Ge detectors, having superior energy resolution (0.1%), this mode poses negligible background to the $0νββ$ mode, even for a ton-scale experiment. However, the measurement of the $2νββ$ mode allows for careful systematics checks of active detector mass, enrichment fraction, and pulse shape discrimination cuts related to both the $0νββ$ and $2νββ$ decay modes. A precision measurement of the $2νββ$ shape also allows searches for spectral distortions, possibly indicative of new physics, including $0νββχ$. Work is underway to construct a full experimental background model enabling a Bayesian fit to the measured energy spectrum and extraction of a precise $2νββ$ spectrum and half-life.

physics.ins-det↗