arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to W. J. Briscoe.
Absolute total cross sections for np and pp scattering below 1000 MeV are determined based on partial-wave analyses of NN scattering data. These cross sections are compared with most recent ENDF/B and JENDL data files, and the Nijmegen partial-wave analysis. Systematic deviations from the ENDF/B and JENDL evaluations are found to exist in the low-energy region.
The first data from MAX-lab in Lund, Sweden on pion production in photonuclear reactions at threshold energies, is presented. The decrease of the total yield of pi+ in gamma + 12C, 27Al reactions below 200 MeV as well as differential, dsigma/dOmega, cross sections follow essentially predictions from an intranuclear cascade model with an attractive potential for pion-nucleus interaction in its simplest form. Double differential, d2sigma/dOmegadT, cross sections at 176 MeV show, however, deviations from the model, which call for refinements of nuclear and Coulomb potentials and possibly also for coherent pion production mechanisms.
We present the first detailed measurement of incoherent photoproduction of neutral pions to a discrete state of a residual nucleus. The $^{12}$C$(γ,π^{0})^{12}$C$^{*}_{4.4MeV}$ reaction has been studied with the Glasgow photon tagger at MAMI employing a new technique which uses the large solid angle Crystal Ball detector both as a $π^{0}$ spectrometer and to detect decay photons from the excited residual nucleus. The technique has potential applications to a broad range of future nuclear measurements with the Crystal Ball and similar detector systems elsewhere. The data are sensitive to the propagation of the $Δ$ in the nuclear medium and will give the first information on matter transition form factors from measurements with an electromagnetic probe. The incoherent cross sections are compared to two theoretical predictions including a $Δ$-hole model.
A partial-wave analysis of NN elastic scattering data has been updated to include a number of recent measurements. Experiments carried out at the Cooler Synchrotron (COSY) by the EDDA Collaboration have had a significant impact above 1 GeV. Results are discussed in terms of the partial-wave and direct-reconstruction amplitudes.
Differential cross sections for the reaction $γp \to p π^0$ have been measured with the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) and a tagged photon beam with energies from 0.675 to 2.875 GeV. The results reported here possess greater accuracy in the absolute normalization than previous measurements. They disagree with recent CB-ELSA measurements for the process at forward scattering angles. Agreement with the SAID and MAID fits is found below 1 GeV. The present set of cross sections has been incorporated into the SAID database, and exploratory fits have been extended to 3 GeV. Resonance couplings have been extracted and compared to previous determinations.
The Crystal Ball spectrometer, with its nearly complete angular coverage, is an efficient detector of photon and neutron final states. While installed in the C6 beamline of the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) of Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), this feature was used in a series of precise measurements of reactions with all-neutral final states. Here we concentrate on the analysis of data from the pion-induced reactions: pi- p --> gamma n, pi- p --> pi0 n, pi- p --> eta n, and pi- p --> pi0 pi0 n.
We present an overview of our efforts to analyze pion-nucleon elastic scattering data, along with data from related photo- and electroproduction reactions, in order to study the baryon spectrum. We then focus on the Delta(1232) resonance. Fits to pion photo- and electroproduction data have been used to extract values for the R_EM = E2/M1 and R_SM = S2/M1 ratios as functions of Q^2. These results are compared to other recent determinations.
We present results from a comprehensive partial-wave analysis of pi+-p elastic scattering and charge-exchange data, covering the region from threshold to 2.6 GeV in the lab pion kinetic energy, employing a coupled-channel formalism to simultaneously fit pi-p-->eta n data to 0.8 GeV. Our main result, solution SP06, utilizes a complete set of forward and fixed-t dispersion relation constraints applied to the piN elastic amplitude. The results of these analyses are compared with previous solutions in terms of their resonance spectra and preferred values for couplings and low-energy parameters.
The experimental data on pi N scattering in the elastic energy region T_pi < 250 MeV are analyzed within the multichannel K-matrix approach with effective Lagrangians. Isospin invariance is not assumed in this analysis and the physical values for masses of the involved particles are used. The corrections due to pi^+- pi^0 and p-n mass differences are calculated and found to be in a reasonable agreement with the NORDITA results. Analysis shows the good description of the all experimental observables. From the data, new values for mass and width of the Delta^0 and Delta^{++} resonances were obtained. The isospin symmetric version gives phase shifts values close to the new solution for the pi-N elastic scattering amplitude FA02 by the GW group based on the latest experimental data. Our analysis leads to a considerably smaller < 1% isospin violation in the energy interval T_pi ~ 30-70 MeV as compared to 7% in some older analyses, however, it does confirm recent calculations based on chiral perturbation theory.
We examine the energy dependence of single-meson photoproduction as it contributes to the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn (GDH) sum rule. For photon energies above approximately 1 GeV, through the full resonance region, this contribution dominates the proton sum rule integral. Over the same energy region, our single-pion contribution to the neutron sum rule also qualitatively follows a recent set of GDH data. The predicted neutral-pion contribution to the neutron sum rule is nearly zero above 1 GeV in this result. The SAID and Mainz (MAID) results are very different for a number of observables over this energy region.
We consider the impact of two recent pi- p-->eta n measurements on the etaN scattering length and etaN branching fractions for the N(1535) and N(1520) resonances within a coupled-channel analysis of piN elastic scattering and etaN production data. The sensitivity of these results to model input is also explored.
We consider the reaction g+d -> pi+d in a wide energy range around and above the eta-meson photoproduction threshold at backward CM angles of the outgoing pion. Our theoretical analysis is essentially motivated by the recent measurements of the CLAS Collaboration at Jefferson Lab, where this kinematical region of the reaction has been thoroughly studied for the first time and a cusps in the energy dependence of the differential cross section in the region of Eg = 600-800 MeV has been observed. Our preliminary and qualitative analysis, based on single- and double-scattering diagrams, shows that the observed structure can be explained by the contribution of the double-scattering diagram with intermediate production of the eta meson. The effect, to a considerable extent, is formed due to the contribution of N(1535) resonance to the amplitudes of subprocesses on the nucleons.
Differential cross sections for the process pi^- p -> gamma n have been measured at Brookhaven National Laboratory's Alternating Gradient Synchrotron with the Crystal Ball multiphoton spectrometer. Measurements were made at 18 pion momenta from 238 to 748 MeV/c, corresponding to E_gamma for the inverse reaction from 285 to 769 MeV. The data have been used to evaluate the gamma n multipoles in the vicinity of the N(1440) resonance. We compare our data and multipoles to previous determinations. A new three-parameter SAID fit yields 36 +/- 7 (GeV)^-1/2 X 10^-3 for the A^n_1/2 amplitude of the P_11.
Precise new data for the reaction $K^- p \to π^0 Λ$ are presented in the c.m. energy range 1565 to 1600 MeV. Our analysis of these data sheds new light on claims for the $Σ(1580){3/2}^-$ resonance, which (if it exists with the specified quantum numbers) must be an exotic baryon because of its very low mass. Our results show no evidence for this state.
We present results from a comprehensive partial-wave analysis of pi+-p elastic scattering and charge-exchange data, covering the region from threshold to 2.1 GeV in the lab pion kinetic energy, employing a coupled-channel formalism to simultaneously fit pi-p\toηn data to 0.8 GeV. Our main result, solution FA02, utilizes a complete set of forward and fixed-t dispersion relation constraints, from threshold to 1 GeV, and from t = 0 to -0.4 (GeV/c)^2, applied to the piN elastic amplitude. A large number of systematic checks have been performed, including fits with no charge-exchange data and other database changes, fits with few or no dispersion relation constraints, and changes to the Coulomb correction scheme. We have also reexamined methods used to extract Breit-Wigner resonance parameters. The quality of fit to both data and dispersion relation constraints is superior to our earlier work. The results of these analyses are compared with previous solutions in terms of their resonance spectra and preferred values for couplings and low-energy parameters, including the piNN coupling constant.
We have calculated the fission probabilities for 237-Np, 233,235,238-U, 232-Th, and nat-Pb following the absorption of photons with energies from 68 MeV to 3.77 GeV using the RELDIS Monte-Carlo code. This code implements the cascade-evaporation-fission model of intermediate-energy photonuclear reactions. It includes multiparticle production in photoreactions on intranuclear nucleons, pre-equilibrium emission, and the statistical decay of excited residual nuclei via competition of evaporation, fission, and multifragmentation processes. The calculations show that in the GeV energy region the fission process is not solely responsible for the entire total photoabsorption cross section, even for the actinides: ~55-70% for 232-Th, \~70-80% for 238-U, and ~80-95% for 233-U, 235-U, and 237-Np. This is because certain residual nuclei that are created by deep photospallation at GeV photon energies have relatively low fission probabilities. Using the recent experimental data on photofission cross sections for 237-Np and 233,235,238-U from the Saskatchewan and Jefferson Laboratories and our calculated fission probabilities, we infer the total photoabsorption cross sections for these four nuclei. The resulting cross sections per nucleon agree in shape and in magnitude with each other. However, disagreement in magnitude with total-photoabsorption cross-section data from previous measurements for nuclei from C to Pb calls into question the concept of a ``Universal Curve'' for the photoabsorption cross section per nucleon for all nuclei.
Experiments that study the hadronic and electromagnetic production of the pseudoscalar mesons -- pions, etas and kaons, contribute to our knowledge of the properties of baryon and hyperon resonances. Fixed-target programs at hadronic facilities such as BNL-AGS have been phased out. However, the availability of modern experimental facilities with pseudo-monochromatic or tagged medium-energy photon beams at GRAAL, SPring-8, Bonn, Mainz, and Jefferson Lab, together with LEGS, Max-Lab, and HIGS at lower energies, are beginning to produce high-quality results. These new data have smaller statistical uncertainties and better understood systematic uncertainties, than those obtained at the older bremsstrahlung facilities, for measurements of differential and integrated cross sections, as well as polarization and asymmetry. Experimental results are compared with the predictions of QCD-based approaches, such as the lattice-gauge calculations of baryon properties, and Chiral Perturbation Theory applied to threshold photoproduction, and are essential to the performance of Partial-Wave Analyses (PWA). These PWA studies are less model dependent than in the past, and are used in coupled-channels calculations that incorporate unitarity dynamically, and combine results from hadronic reaction channels with electromagnetic processes. This approach is necessary to extract resonance properties and may lead to the discovery of the "missing resonances" predicted by a number of different QCD-inspired calculations. We discuss recent experimental and phenomenological results for single and double pseudoscalar meson hadronic and photoproduction channels with emphasis on the JLab Hall B and the BNL/AGS Crystal Ball programs.
The Crystal Ball Spectrometer is being used at Brookhaven National Laboratory in a series of experiments which study all neutral final states of pi-p and K-p induced reactions. We report about the experimental setup and progress in obtaining new results for the radiative capture reactions pi-p-->gn and K-p-->gL,charge exchange pi-p-->pi0n,two pi0 production pi-p-->pi0pi0n, and eta production pi-p-->eta n reactions. Data have also been obtained on the decays of N*, Delta, Lambda, and Sigma resonances. Threshold eta production has been studied in detail for both pi-p and K-p. Sequential resonance decays have been investigated bystudying the 2pi0 production mechanism both in the fundamental interaction and in nuclei. In addition, we have used the etas produced near threshold to make precision measurements searching in particular for rare and forbidden eta decays.