arXiv subjects

W. Q. Zhang

Publications and source records attributed to W. Q. Zhang.

12 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Preliminary design of continuous wave Low-Level RF systems for S3FEL

In the Shenzhen Superconducting Soft X-ray Free Electron Laser (S3FEL), Continuous Wave (CW) Low-Level Radio Frequency (LLRF) systems perform critical functions including adjusting the power coupling of accelerator cavities, regulating the amplitude and phase of the RF field, and maintaining the resonance frequency and phase of the cavities. These functions are essential to ensure the electron beam operates at the accelerating phase. Within S3FEL, each superconducting cavity is driven by a solid-state amplifier (SSA), with each SSA paired with a dedicated LLRF system. Based on the distinct acceleration cavities employed, the CW LLRF systems for S3FEL are categorized into four types: 1. Primary accelerator LLRF systems (superconducting, 1.3 GHz; quantity: 168), 2. Harmonic cavity LLRF systems (superconducting, 3.9 GHz; quantity: 16), 3. VHF electron gun LLRF systems (room temperature, 216 MHz; quantity: 4), 4. Buncher LLRF systems (room temperature, 1.3 GHz; quantity: 2). These four LLRF system categories exhibit differing requirements for RF field and acceleration cavity control. This report presents the preliminary design schemes for these four types of CW LLRF systems.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2025

A high-lying isomer in ^{92}Zr with lifetime modulated by the atomic charge states: a proposed approach for a nuclear gamma-ray laser

The nuclides ^{92}Zr are produced and transported by using a radioactive beam line to a lowbackground detection station. After a flight time of about 1.14 μs, the ions are implanted into a carbon foil, and four γ rays deexciting the 8+ state in ^{92}Zr are observed in coincidence with the implantation signals within a few nanoseconds. We conjecture that there exists an isomer located slightly above the 8^{+} state in ^{92}Zr. The isomeric lifetime in highly charged states is extended significantly due to the blocking of internal conversion decay channels, enabling its survival over the transportation. During the slowing-down process in the carbon foil, the ^{92}Zr ions capture electron and evolve toward neutral atoms, and consequently the lifetime is restored to a normal short value. Such a high-lying isomer depopulated by a low-energy transition may provide unique opportunity to develop nuclear γ laser.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2025

MAGI-1: Autoregressive Video Generation at Scale

We present MAGI-1, a world model that generates videos by autoregressively predicting a sequence of video chunks, defined as fixed-length segments of consecutive frames. Trained to denoise per-chunk noise that increases monotonically over time, MAGI-1 enables causal temporal modeling and naturally supports streaming generation. It achieves strong performance on image-to-video (I2V) tasks conditioned on text instructions, providing high temporal consistency and scalability, which are made possible by several algorithmic innovations and a dedicated infrastructure stack. MAGI-1 facilitates controllable generation via chunk-wise prompting and supports real-time, memory-efficient deployment by maintaining constant peak inference cost, regardless of video length. The largest variant of MAGI-1 comprises 24 billion parameters and supports context lengths of up to 4 million tokens, demonstrating the scalability and robustness of our approach. The code and models are available at https://github.com/SandAI-org/MAGI-1 and https://github.com/SandAI-org/MagiAttention. The product can be accessed at https://sand.ai.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2023

An Intra-pulse feedforward algorithm for improving pulsed microwave stability

During the pulsed operation of the linear accelerator in DCLS (Dalian Coherent Light Source), we found a strong correlation between the klystron modulator's high voltage and the klystron output microwave, with noticeable jitter among adjacent microwaves. Therefore, we propose an intra-pulse feedforward algorithm and implement it in LLRF (Low-Level Radiofrequency) systems. This algorithm assumes that the transfer model of the microwave system is linear within a small range of work points and measures the transfer coefficient of the microwave between the LLRF and klystron. For each pulsed microwave of the klystron output, the LLRF system first calculates the vector deviation between the initial measurement within its pulse and the target. The deviation will be compensated in the LLRF excitation so that the jitter in the later part of the pulsed microwave is suppressed. Experiments have shown that this algorithm can effectively suppress the jitter among adjacent microwaves, e.g., improving the amplitude and phase stability (RMS) from 0.11%/0.2° to 0.1%/0.05°. This algorithm can also be applied to other accelerators operating in pulsed modes.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2023

Implementation of microwave with arbitrary amplitude and phase for the DCLS

In many experiments, the simultaneous emission of multiple wavelengths of FEL (Free-Electron Laser) is significant. For the pulsed-mode FEL facility, we must accelerate multiple electron beams in one microwave pulse, and they may be in different amplitudes and phases in the acceleration field. Therefore, we implement a microwave excitation, whose amplitude and phase have arbitrary shapes in the LLRF (Low-Level Radiofrequency) system. We generate a microwave pulse with step-shaped amplitude and phase for dual beam operation in DCLS (Dalian Coherent Light Source). The microwave system of the primary accelerator has four pulsed LLRF devices, which output excitation to drive four solid-state amplifiers and then excite two 50 MW and two 80 MW klystrons, respectively. Preliminary experiments have shown that this step-shaped microwave can be used for the DCLS twin-bunch operation.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2023

The microwave amplitude and phase setting based on event timing for the DCLS

The primary accelerator of DCLS (Dalian Coherent Light Source) operates at a repetition rate of 20 Hz now, and the beam is divided at the end of the linear accelera-tor through Kicker to make two 10 Hz beamlines work simultaneously. For the simultaneous emission FEL of two beamlines, the beam energy of the two beamlines is required to be controlled independently, so we need to set the amplitude and phase of each beamline. This paper implements a microwave amplitude and phase setting function based on event timing. We upgraded the EVG/EVR event timing system and LLRF (Low-Level Radiofrequency) system. Two special event codes and a repetition rate division of 10 Hz are added to the event timing system, and we can set the microwave amplitude and phase by judging the event code in LLRF. We ulti-mately perform the microwave triggering at a repetition rate of 10 Hz for each beamline and validate this function through beam experiments.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2023

A low-delay reference tracking algorithm for microwave measurement and control

In FEL (Free-Electron Laser) accelerators, LLRF (Low-Level Radiofrequency) systems usually deploy feedback or feedforward algorithms requiring precise microwave measurement. The slow drift of the clock allocation network of LLRF significantly impacts the measured microwave phase, thereby affecting the stability of the closed-loop operation. The reference tracking algorithm is used to eliminate the measurement drift. The conventional algorithm is to perform phase and amplitude demodulation on the synchronous reference signal from the main oscillator and subtract the reference phase in other measurement channels. The demodulation is usually based on the CORDIC, which requires approximately 16 clock cycles in FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Arrays). This paper uses the multiplication of complex numbers, which only requires four clock cycles of computational delay and achieves phase subtraction point by point. However, experiments show that it causes irrelevant amplitude noise to overlap and increase the amplitude measurement noise. Nevertheless, this reference tracking algorithm is suitable for control algorithms with low-delay requirements of microwave measurement.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2023

Low-level radiofrequency system upgrade for the Dalian Coherent Light Source

DCLS (Dalian Coherent Light Source) is an FEL (Free-Electron Laser) user facility at EUV (Extreme Ultraviolet). The primary accelerator of DCLS operates at a repetition rate of 20 Hz, and the beam is divided at the end of the linear accelerator through Kicker to make two 10 Hz beamlines work simultaneously. In the past year, we have completed the upgrade of the DCLS LLRF (Low-Level Radiofrequency) system, including setting the microwave amplitude and phase for two beamlines based on event timing, optimizing the microwave stability, and generating microwave excitation with the arbitrary shape of amplitude and phase. We added two special event codes and a repetition rate division of 10 Hz in the event timing system and set the microwave amplitude and phase by judging the event code in LLRF. The amplitude and phase stability of the microwave was improved with an intra-pulse feedforward algorithm. In addition, we have also generated microwave excitation with arbitrary amplitude and phase shapes to meet the dual beam operation in the future. Detailed information on functions or algorithms will be presented in this paper.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2021

Probing the nature of the conjectured low-spin wobbling bands in atomic nuclei

Precession is a unique motion in which the orientation of the rotational axis of a rotating body is not fixed but moving, and it generally exists in the Universe from giant stars through tiny atomic nuclei. In principle, the precession of an atomic nuclide can be approximately described as wobbling motion, arising from the coupling of a rotation and a harmonic vibration. Recently, a number of wobbling bands were reported at low spin, which violate the wobbling approximation that can be valid only at high spin. Here we explore the nature of the reported low-spin wobbling bands. Via a new experiment, we demonstrate that one such band in $^{187}$Au is generated by dominant single-particle excitation rather than by the excitation of a wobbling phonon. We point out that the imperfect research paradigm used previously would lead to unreliable identification of low-spin wobbling bands. Consequently, new experimental approaches should be developed to distinguish among the different excitation mechanisms that can give rise to the observed low-spin bands in odd-even nuclei.

nucl-th↗

arXiv2019

Fine structure in the $α$ decay of $^{223}$U

Fine structure in the $α$ decay of $^{223}$U was observed in the fusion-evaporation reaction $^{187}$Re($^{40}$Ar, p3n) by using fast digital pulse processing technique. Two $α$-decay branches of $^{223}$U feeding the ground state and 244 keV excited state of $^{219}$Th were identified by establishing the decay chain $^{223}$U $\xrightarrow{α_{1}}$ $^{219}$Th $\xrightarrow{α_{2}}$ $^{215}$Ra $\xrightarrow{α_{3}}$ $^{211}$Rn. The $α$-particle energy for the ground-state to ground-state transition of $^{223}$U was determined to be 8993(17) keV, 213 keV higher than the previous value, the half-life was updated to be 62$^{+14}_{-10}$ $μ$s. Evolution of nuclear structure for $N$ = 131 even-$Z$ isotones from Po to U was discussed in the frameworks of nuclear mass and reduced $α$-decay width, a weakening octupole deformation in the ground state of $^{223}$U relative to its lighter isotones $^{219}$Ra and $^{221}$Th was suggested.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2017

Spectroscopic factor and proton formation probability for the d3/2 proton emitter 151mLu

The quenching of the experimental spectroscopic factor for proton emission from the short-lived $d_{3/2}$ isomeric state in $^{151m}$Lu was a long-standing problem. In the present work, proton emission from this isomer has been reinvestigated in an experiment at the Accelerator Laboratory of the University of Jyväskylä. The proton-decay energy and half-life of this isomer were measured to be 1295(5) keV and 15.4(8) $μ$s, respectively, in agreement with another recent study. These new experimental data can resolve the discrepancy in the spectroscopic factor calculated using the spherical WKB approximation. Using the R-matrix approach it is found that the proton formation probability indicates no significant hindrance for the proton decay of $^{151m}$Lu.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2013

Generating polarization controllable FELs at Dalian coherent light source

The property of the FEL polarization is of great importance to the user community. FEL pulses with ultra-high intensity and flexible polarization control ability will absolutely open up new scientific realms. In this paper, several polarization control approaches are presented to investigate the great potential on Dalian coherent light source, which is a government-approved novel FEL user facility with the capability of wavelength continuously tunable in the EUV regime of 50-150 nm. The numerical simulations show that both circularly polarized FELs with highly modulating frequency and 100 microjoule level pulse energy could be generated at Dalian coherent light source.

physics.acc-ph↗