arXiv subjects

W. Zhi

Publications and source records attributed to W. Zhi.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Development of a high-granularity, high-precision timing readout electronics system for large-area MRPC detectors

Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chamber (MRPC) detectors offer excellent time resolution and detection efficiency, creating a strong demand for high-precision, highly scalable timing readout systems. In this work, a readout electronics system is designed for a large-area 100*100 cm MRPC detector containing 2400 high-granularity 2*2 cm pad channels. The system consists of two Front-End Boards (FEBs), a central clock distribution module, and a back-end DAQ aggregator. Each FEB is equipped with 40 32-channel PETIROC2B ASICs mounted directly behind the sensing pads. An automated S-curve calibration procedure equalizes the baseline dispersion across all 2400 channels, reducing the FWHM of the baseline voltage distribution from 50 mV to 12 mV and establishing a uniform triggering threshold. Signal-injection measurements confirm an intrinsic single-channel electronic time resolution of 33 ps RMS, alongside inter-chip and inter-board time resolutions of 43 ps RMS and 45 ps RMS, respectively. This high-granularity, high-precision timing readout system can be widely applied to Time-of-Flight systems, cosmic-ray muon imaging, as well as other fast-timing detector systems.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2026

The high speed analog optical readout system designed for low temperature experiments

For low-temperature experiments such as liquid xenon dark matter detectors, it is crucial to read out detector signals from cryostats. Traditionally, photoelectrical signals are transmitted from the cryogenic region to the outside using coaxial cables through vacuum feedthroughs on the cryostats. In this paper, we investigate an analog optical transmission method in which the raw electrical signals are converted into optical signals with light intensity linearly proportional to the electrical amplitude, transmitted out of the cryogenic environment through optical fiber, and subsequently converted back into electrical signals by photoelectric devices while preserving the signal waveform. This new approach offers advantages, including low attenuation over long-distance transmission and reduced crosstalk across the feedthroughs. Additionally, the low-temperature optical wavelength multiplexing scheme has been investigated and applied, increasing the transmission capability of a single fiber. At -100 degree Celsius, the proposed analog optical readout system achieves a -3dB bandwidth of larger than 150MHz, a dynamic range of up to 500mV, and a low cryogenic-region power consumption of 70mW per channel, demonstrating its strong potential for low-temperature experiments.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2025

Exploration of optimized front-end readout circuit for time measurement of large-area SiPM arrays

The detector of TRopIcal DEep-sea Neutrino Telescope (TRIDENT) will use large-area silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) arrays combined with photomultiplier tubes to boost photon detection efficiency and pointing capability. An application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) is being developed to aim at high-resolution time measurement of large-area SiPM arrays. This work researches four architectures of readout circuits including different input stages (common gate stage and negative feedback common gate stage) and discriminators (two types of current discriminator and one voltage discriminator) using a 180 nm CMOS process for optimizing time resolution. The experimental measurements show that single photon time resolutions performed using Hamamatsu S13360-3050PE SiPMs are around 260 ps full width at half maximum (FWHM). A timing jitter less than 500 ps FWHM when connecting a 6x6 mm^2 SiPM array is achieved. The power consumption is less than 7 mW/channel. Additionally, a digital summation is applied to reduce the number of output interfaces. The measured performances of the ASIC cater to the TRIDENT application requirements.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2024

A multi-cubic-kilometre neutrino telescope in the western Pacific Ocean

Next-generation neutrino telescopes with significantly improved sensitivity are required to pinpoint the sources of the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux detected by IceCube and uncover the century-old puzzle of cosmic ray origins. A detector near the equator will provide a unique viewpoint of the neutrino sky, complementing IceCube and other neutrino telescopes in the Northern Hemisphere. Here we present results from an expedition to the north-eastern region of the South China Sea, in the western Pacific Ocean. A favorable neutrino telescope site was found on an abyssal plain at a depth of $\sim$ 3.5km. At depths below 3km, the sea current speed, water absorption and scattering lengths for Cherenkov light, were measured to be $v_{\mathrm{c}}<$10cm/s, $λ_{\mathrm{abs} }\simeq$ 27m and $λ_{\mathrm{sca} }\simeq$ 63m, respectively. Accounting for these measurements, we present the design and expected performance of a next-generation neutrino telescope, TRopIcal DEep-sea Neutrino Telescope (TRIDENT). With its advanced photon-detection technology and large dimensions, TRIDENT expects to observe the IceCube steady source candidate NGC 1068 with 5$σ$ significance within 1 year of operation. This level of sensitivity will open a new arena for diagnosing the origin of cosmic rays and probing fundamental physics over astronomical baselines.

astro-ph.HE↗