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Wang Yao

Publications and source records attributed to Wang Yao.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Asynchronous Replanning in Two Population Linear Quadratic Mean Field Games: Information Requirements and Stability

We study asynchronous replanning in a two population linear quadratic mean field game in which the populations may begin from different beliefs and hence use different plans. Each population observes its own aggregate trajectory and a public record of implemented revisions, while its continuation best response depends on the opponent's current plan. We identify the information required for replanning as the aggregate state at the end of the initial observation interval together with the opponent's active continuation plan. For linear observations, recoverability of this state-plan pair is characterized by a kernel inclusion, and a bounded factorization quantifies sensitivity to observation error. In particular, the required pair may be recoverable even when the full hidden belief is not. Once initialized, the public event record and the common best-response map recursively determine subsequent opponent plans, and the resulting local algorithm reproduces an ideal benchmark on every finite opportunity prefix; implemented revisions alternate as a consequence of best-response persistence. For finite populations, we derive an eventwise linear recursion for sampling errors, obtain finite prefix error bounds, and prove record matching for an autonomous deadband rule under a positive decision margin. Finally, we separate unique solvability of mutual continuation responses from stability of alternating responses, and show that at a pre-terminal Zeno accumulation, spectral stability together with a moving-boundary estimate yields convergence of the continuation plans to the equilibrium restarted from the actual limiting state.

math.OC

Excitons probe intrinsic flat band Mottness in a van der Waals heterostructure

Excitons provide a sensitive optical probe of electronic correlations in nearby two-dimensional materials, yet their coupling to intrinsic flat-band Mott systems remains largely unexplored. Here we combine gate-tunable optical spectroscopy with first-principles calculations to study monolayer WSe$_2$ in direct contact with the van der Waals Mott insulator Nb$_3$Cl$_8$. The gate evolution of WSe$_2$ excitonic resonances reveals signatures of a correlation-reconstructed Mott gap in Nb$_3$Cl$_8$ that is absent from the single-particle band picture. In the electron-doped regime, the WSe$_2$ 2s Rydberg exciton undergoes a multistage evolution and develops into interlayer attractive and repulsive polaron branches, showing that a Rydberg exciton can be dressed by strongly correlated flat-band electrons in an adjacent Mott layer. Under an out-of-plane magnetic field, spin-polarized Nb$_3$Cl$_8$ states further induce valley-selective exciton coupling, producing a strongly enhanced circular polarization of the WSe$_2$ exciton emission. These results extend exciton-based sensing and exciton-polaron physics to intrinsic flat-band Mott materials, providing an optical route to probe and engineer correlation-driven interfacial quasiparticles.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Partially Observed Mean Field Games Without Perfect Recall: Optimality Conditions and Equilibria

This paper studies partially observed mean field games without perfect recall (WPR). The representative agent observes a noisy signal, but the control at time \(t\) uses only \(\mathcal G_t^I=\sigma(y_t)\), a generally non-nested information family. The conditional population law instead uses the observation filtration \(\mathbb F^Y\). These coupled levels rely on different information scales and are difficult to close within one construction. We parameterize the environment by a deterministic compatible joint law of state, driving variables, and random mean field term, thereby preserving its dependence structure without enlarging the agent's control information. For a fixed law, a reference measure and Girsanov's theorem yield a WPR stochastic maximum principle; the selected response is represented by the conditional Hamiltonian and WPR belief measure. The joint path posterior of hidden state and mean field term gives a weak Kushner-Stratonovich representation of the conditional population law. A recursive response map is continuous on a compact convex set of compatible laws, so Schauder-Tychonoff yields a weak WPR equilibrium. For a fixed equilibrium law and feedback, a compatible Yamada-Watanabe theorem lifts pathwise uniqueness to a strong realization. Finally, a linear-quadratic interbank lending example compares perfect recall (PR) with WPR. The PR response follows the Kalman-Bucy feedback, whereas the WPR response solves a Fredholm-Volterra equation and is affine in the current observation under Gaussianity. The numerical experiment illustrates how equilibrium behavior differs between PR and WPR.

math.OC

Realization of Air-Stable Two-Dimensional Superconductor Nb2Pd3Te5 With Quasi-One-Dimensional Pair Density Modulation

Two-dimensional (2D) superconductors provide a fertile platform for exploring reduced-dimensional superconductivity and emergent quantum phenomena. Incorporating quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) structural motifs into 2D superconductors offers a powerful route to engineer strong electronic anisotropy, enabling unconventional superconducting states and anisotropic superconducting transport functionalities. However, such systems remain rarely realized. Here we report the realization of a 2D superconductor Nb2Pd3Te5, exhibiting an intrinsic quasi-1D pair density modulation. Monolayer and bilayer Nb2Pd3Te5 is synthesized via van-der-Waals epitaxy. Using ultralow-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, we observe the quasi-1D crystal structure and superconductivity below ~0.6 K with a pronounced quasi-1D pair density modulation. Remarkably, both monolayer and bilayer Nb2Pd3Te5 show strong air stability. Our findings establish atomically 2D Nb2Pd3Te5 as a robust and promising platform for exploring novel low-dimensional quantum phenomena and anisotropy-enabled superconducting devices.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Bridging distributed quantum materials via multi-hotspot vacuum: remote Cooper pairing and Andreev teleportation

We introduce an architecture where mesoscopic quantum matter distributed over spatially separated nodes can be correlated in equilibrium, creating an unprecedented form of many-body quantum system. Central to the design is a multi-gap split-ring resonator (SRR) where the cavity photon has multiple hot spots -- each with deep-subwavelength volume at a split gap and separated by millimeter-scale distances. The cavity's vacuum fluctuations can then mediate a many-body interaction that bridges the distributed quantum materials embedded in the multiple gaps, coupling them into a single correlated mesoscopic system in equilibrium. As an example, we consider a THz SRR with two split gaps, each proximitized to a metallic moir\'e superlattice, where virtual exchange of a photon in the cavity vacuum mediates a current-current interaction across the gaps. The inherent attractive interaction channels lead to remote Cooper pairing reminiscent of mesoscopic superconductivity, demonstrated with density matrix renormalization group and exact diagonalization calculations. With the two constituents of a Cooper pair now paired across a millimeter-scale separation, a hole incident at one split gap can be converted into an outgoing electron at the remote gap, a process we term Andreev teleportation. The entanglement entropy between the two mesoscopic superlattices is shown to scale linearly with the area (total number of sites) of the mesoscopic lattice. Our results suggest an intriguing paradigm for equilibrium quantum networks of mesoscopic matter that enable emergent nonlocal functionalities and distributed quantum resources.

cond-mat.mes-hall

Defect Antichains and Multigraded Symbolic Defect Series of Edge Ideals under Graph Blow-ups

In this paper, we study symbolic defect functions of edge ideals through finite antichains of exponent vectors. Let $G$ be a finite simple graph and let $I(G)$ be its edge ideal. For each symbolic degree $s$, we define the symbolic exponent region $\mathcal{P}_s(G)$, the ordinary exponent region $\mathcal{O}_s(G)$, and the symbolic defect antichain $\mathcal{D}_s(G)=\min\big(\mathcal{P}_s(G)\setminus \mathcal{O}_s(G)\big)$, where the minimum is taken with respect to the componentwise partial order. We prove that $\mathcal{D}_s(G)$ gives a finite obstruction set controlling the minimal monomial generators of the quotient $I(G)^{(s)}/I(G)^s$. Our main result is a blow-up transfer formula. If $G^{\mathbf n}$ is the graph obtained from $G$ by replacing each vertex $v_i$ by an independent set of size $n_i$, then for every $s\geq 1$, \[ \operatorname{sdefect}(I(G^{\mathbf n}),s) = \sum_{\mathbf a\in \mathcal D_s(G)} \prod_{i=1}^{r} \binom{a_i+n_i-1}{n_i-1}. \] We further refine this formula to a multigraded symbolic defect series, which records the full multidegree distribution of the minimal generators of $I(G^{\mathbf n})^{(s)}/I(G^{\mathbf n})^s$. As applications, we classify the defect antichains of complete graphs in terms of integer partitions and derive explicit symbolic defect formulas for complete multipartite graphs, complete split graphs, and blow-ups of odd cycles. We also study symbolic defect antichains under graph joins and obtain polynomiality and rational generating-function consequences in the blow-up parameters. The results provide a unified antichain-based framework for symbolic defects of edge ideals and convert several previously case-by-case computations into consequences of a single transfer principle.

math.AC

Interlayer electric multipole Hall effect in twisted multilayers

Electrons in layered van der Waals materials possess a layer pseudospin characterizing their wave-function distribution among layers. In twisted structures, this pseudospin forms nontrivial textures, leading to intriguing phenomena such as the layer Hall effect (LHE), where distinct layer Hall currents flow despite the presence of time-reversal symmetry. In chiral bilayers, LHE manifests as an interlayer electric dipole Hall effect with Hall counterflows and a concomitant in-plane magnetic dipole. Multilayers host richer layer-dependent Hall currents, generating interlayer electric multipole Hall effects and in-plane magnetic multipoles. We start from exploring the interlayer electric quadrupole Hall effect in mirror-symmetric twisted trilayers. At small twist angles, interlayer translation efficiently tunes layer Hall current magnitudes. At large angles and low doping, the currents can be well accounted for by adding the contributions from the two individual twisted interfaces. This decomposition allows obtaining layer-resolved Hall currents in large-angle twisted multilayers even without well-defined periodicity.

cond-mat.mes-hall

Major-Minor LQ Mean Field Games with Erroneous Initial Information: Distributed Error Estimation and Strategy Modification

This paper studies major-minor linear-quadratic mean field games (MMLQMFGs) with erroneous initial information under a constrained observation structure. Each minor agent observes only its own state and the major agent's state, while the major agent observes its own state and the states of a subset of minor agents; neither side observes the mean field state directly. We show that the initial-information errors propagate linearly through the game dynamics and lead to explicit deviations in the major state, the actual mean field, and the agents' internally updated mean field states. Based on this structure, we formulate distributed error identification as a parameter-estimation problem from discrete-time local observations and construct maximum-likelihood estimators for unknown initial errors. We then propose an estimate-based strategy modification at an intermediate time by reconstructing the current mean field from the estimated errors and switching to the corresponding control law. We also characterize the resulting estimation errors and show that, in the present symmetric setting, the major agent's estimation precision depends on the number of observed minor agents but not on their identities. Numerical results illustrate the proposed method.

math.OC

Edge Ideals of Prime Ideal Graphs over Finite Rings: Ordinary Powers, Fiber Cones, and Linear Powers

Let $R$ be a finite commutative ring with identity and let $P$ be a proper prime ideal of $R$. The prime ideal graph $\Gamma_P(R)$ has vertex set $R\setminus\{0\}$, where two distinct vertices $x$ and $y$ are adjacent if and only if $xy\in P$. We prove that prime ideal graphs form a ring-realizable subfamily of complete split graphs. More precisely, if $m=|P|$, $q=|R/P|$, then $q$ is a prime power and $\Gamma_P(R)\cong K_{m-1}\vee \overline{K}_{m(q-1)}$. We also prove a realization theorem showing that every complete split graph of this form arises from a prime ideal of a finite commutative ring. For the edge ideal $I=I(\Gamma_P(R))$, we determine the minimal vertex covers and obtain the irredundant primary decomposition. We characterize the minimal monomial generators of every ordinary power $I^n$ and derive a closed formula for $\mu(I^n)$. We further interpret this formula as the Hilbert function of the special fiber ring $\mathcal{F}(I)$, compute the analytic spread, and prove that $\mathcal{F}(I)$ is a normal Cohen--Macaulay affine semigroup ring. Finally, we show that $I$ is matroidal and that every ordinary power $I^n$ is polymatroidal; consequently, $I^n$ has linear quotients and a $2n$-linear minimal free resolution for all $n\geq 1$.

math.AC

Exotic Cooperative Quantum Optics of Moire Exciton Superlattices

The unique properties of two-dimensional moire systems have been widely studied from many perspectives. However, relatively little work has explored how the real space structure of the moire systems can directly engender novel properties and functionalities. In this work, we exploit the feature that moire excitons naturally form an ordered superlattice with a lattice constant comparable to the wavelength of the resonant light, which enables intriguing cooperative optical responses. Particularly, we show that the collective moire exciton states can have either strongly enhanced (superradiant) or suppressed (subradiant) radiative decay rate, depending on their in-plane wavevector. These super- and subradiant states can be efficiently switched by a gate-induced electric field gradient. Moreover, the cooperative transmittance $T$ of the nanometer-thick moire system can be switched from $T \approx 0$ (opaque) to $T \approx 1$ (transparent) with less than $2~\%$ heterostrain or a $1^{\circ}$ adjustment in the twist angle $\theta$. These features are robust against non-radiative losses and inhomogeneity, making the moire system a highly versatile platform for cooperative quantum optics with potential applications in e.g., single photon storage and switching.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Valleytronics in 2D Materials Roadmap

Valleytronics exploits non-equivalent energy extrema in the electronic band structure of crystalline solids -- the valley degree of freedom -- to encode, manipulate, and read out information. The advent of 2D materials, first graphene and then transition-metal dichalcogenides, made valley control practical through optical, electrical, and magnetic routes. This foundation has enabled remarkable progress in recent years spanning established frontiers, such as valley exciton physics and valley Hall effects, as well as emerging directions including lightwave valleytronics, nanophotonic integration, flat-band valleytronics, and spin-valley qubits. In parallel, there are sustained efforts to scale up valleytronic materials and to predict new valleytronic platforms. This Roadmap brings together perspectives from leading experts to chart the key opportunities and challenges at the forefront of 2D material valleytronics. Each section captures a snapshot of progress in a key research area, identifies critical open challenges, and outlines pathways toward future valleytronics breakthroughs.

cond-mat.mes-hall

Collective excitations in chiral spin liquid: chiral roton and long-wavelength nematic mode

Chiral spin liquid (CSL) is a magnetic analogue of the fractional quantum Hall (FQH) liquid. Collective excitations play a vital role in shaping our understanding of these exotic quantum phases of matter and their quantum phase transitions. While the magneto-roton and long-wavelength chiral graviton modes in the FQH liquids have been extensively explored, the collective excitations of CSLs remain elusive. Here we explore the collective excitations in the SU(2) symmetric CSL phase of the spin-1/2 square-lattice $J_1-J_2-J_\chi$ model, where an intriguing quantum phase diagram was recently revealed. Combining exact diagonalization and time-dependent variational principle calculations, we observe two spin-singlet collective modes: a chiral p-wave (low-energy) roton mode at finite momentum and a elliptically polarized d-wave (higher-energy) nematic mode at zero momentum, both of which are prominent across the CSL phase. Such exotic modes exhibit fingerprints distinct from those of FQH liquids, and to the best of our knowledge, are reported for the first time. By tuning $J_2$, we find the nematic mode to be pronouncedly soft, together with the spin-triplet two-spinon bound states, potentially promoting strong nematic and spin stripe instabilities. Our work paves the way for further understanding CSL from the dynamical perspective and provides new spectroscopic signatures for future experiments of CSL candidates.

cond-mat.str-el

Quasisymmetry Enriched Gapless Criticality at Chern Insulator Transitions

In continuous topological phase transitions (CTPTs), the low-energy physics is governed by gap-closing subspaces, where approximate "higher" symmetries, termed quasisymmetries, may emerge. Here, we introduce the notion of quasisymmetry enrichment of these transitions. Focusing on paradigmatic normal-to-Chern insulator transitions, we identify quasisymmetries in the gapless subspaces, which subdivide CTPTs of the same universality class according to quasisymmetry charges. Gapless criticalities with nontrivial charges exhibit regulated phenomena, including intrinsic correlations between charge and pseudospin currents and continuous generalized Hall conductivities governed by the generalized St\v{r}eda formula, both conventionally exclusive to gapped phases. These features arise as quasisymmetry forbids certain matrix elements, rendering the generalized Berry curvature integrable. By establishing quasisymmetry as a fundamental classifying ingredient, our work adds a new dimension for understanding the rich landscape of quantum phase transitions.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Electronic procrystalline state in moire structures

Solid state materials can display varieties of atomic structural orders ranging from crystalline to amorphous, underlying their properties and diverse functionalities. Procrystal has emerged as a new category of solids, featuring a long-range ordered lattice framework tiled with disordered atomic or molecular structures on the lattice sites, arousing great interest due to its novel structural and physical properties. However, the electronic analogue of a procrystal, dubbed as an electronic procrystalline (EPC) state, has never been experimentally observed. Here, we report the observation of an EPC state in a moire superstructure formed between a monolayer metallic NiTe2 and a superconductor NbSe2 with incommensurate lattice wavevectors. The observed EPC state exhibits a long-range periodic charge modulation at the moire scale inlaid with short-range irregular orders within each moire cell. Strikingly, the short-range charge orders inside the moire unit cells have proximately root3*root3 quasi-period, which is absent in pristine NiTe2. Intriguingly, the EPC order is also observed in the superconducting state of the moire superstructure. Furthermore, the emergent EPC state and short-range charge order, coexisting with the proximity induced superconductivity, can be precisely modulated with the thickness of NiTe2. Our findings uncover the potential of moire platform for understanding and tuning novel correlated quantum phases with this exotic procrystalline order.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Fractional quantization by interaction of arbitrary strength in gapless flat bands with divergent quantum geometry

Fractional quantum anomalous Hall (FQAH) effect, a lattice analogue of fractional quantum Hall effect, offers a unique pathway toward fault-tolerant quantum computation and deep insights into the interplay of topology and strong correlations. The exploration has been successfully guided by the paradigm of ideal flat Chern bands, which mimic Landau levels in both band topology and local quantum geometry. Yet, given the boundless potential for Bloch bands in lattice systems, it remains a significant open question whether FQAH states can arise in scenarios fundamentally distinct from this paradigm. Here we turn to a class of gapless flat bands, featuring (i) ill-defined band topology, (ii) non-quantized Berry flux, (iii) divergent quantum geometry at singular band touchings, (iv) highly fluctuating and far-from-ideal quantum geometry across the Brillouin zone (BZ). Our exact diagonalization and density matrix renormalization group calculations unambiguously demonstrate FQAH phase that is virtually independent of the interaction strength, persisting from the weak-interaction to the strong-interaction limit. We find the stability of the FQAH states does not uniquely correlate with the singularity strength or the BZ-averaged quantum geometric fluctuations. Instead, the many-body topological order can adapt to the singular and fluctuating quantum geometric landscape by spontaneously developing an inhomogeneous carrier distribution, while its quenching accompanies the drop in the occupation-weighted Berry flux. Our work reveals a profound interplay between local quantum geometry and many-body correlation, and significantly expands the exploration space for FQAH effect and correlated phenomena in general.

cond-mat.mes-hall

Bosonic Laughlin and Moore-Read states from non-Chern flat bands

The rapid advances in the study of fractional Chern insulators (FCIs) raise a fundamental question: while initially discovered in flat Chern bands motivated by their topological equivalence to Landau levels, is single- particle band topology actually a prerequisite for these many-body topological orders emergent at fractional fillings? Here, we numerically demonstrate bosonic FCIs in two types of non-Chern flat bands in honeycomb lattices, using exact diagonalization and density matrix renormalization group calculations. In a gapless flat band with a singular band touching, we observe a Laughlin state at half filling, stabilized by onsite interactions from the hard-core limit down to arbitrarily small strength. Furthermore, we report the first example of a non- Abelian FCI in a non-Chern band system: a Moore-Read state at $\nu$ = 1 filling of the same singular flat band with hard-core bosons. Under lattice parameters that realize a gapped trivial band (C = 0) of exact flatness, we also find the Laughlin FCI of soft-core bosons in the isolated band limit where onsite interaction is much smaller than the band gap. In this case, the FCI forms as interacting bosons spontaneously avoid the peaks in quantum metric and Berry curvature, preferentially occupying Brillouin zone region with relatively uniform quantum geometry. Our work significantly expands the landscape for (non-)Abelian FCIs and broadens the understanding of their formation beyond the Chern band paradigm.

cond-mat.str-el

Strong Correlation Driven Quadrupolar to Dipolar Exciton Transitions in a Trilayer Moir\'e Superlattice

The additional layer degree of freedom in trilayer moir\'e superlattices of transition metal dichalcogenides enables the emergence of novel excitonic species, such as quadrupolar excitons, which exhibit unique excitonic interactions and hold promise for realizing intriguing excitonic phases and their quantum phase transitions. Concurrently, the presence of strong electronic correlations in moir\'e superlattices, as exemplified by the observations of Mott insulators and generalized Wigner crystals, offers a direct route to manipulate these new excitonic states and resulting collective excitonic phases. Here, we demonstrate that strong exciton-exciton and electron-exciton interactions, both stemming from robust electron correlations, can be harnessed to controllably drive transitions between quadrupolar and dipolar excitons. This is achieved by tuning either the exciton density or electrostatic doping in a trilayer semiconducting moir\'e superlattice. Our findings not only advance the fundamental understanding of quadrupolar excitons but also usher in new avenues for exploring and engineering many-body quantum phenomena through novel correlated excitons in semiconducting moir\'e systems.

cond-mat.mes-hall

Topological domain-wall states from Umklapp scattering in twisted bilayer graphene

Twistronics, harnessing interlayer rotation to tailor electronic states in van der Waals materials, has predominantly focused on small-angle regime. Here, we unveil the pivotal role of intervalley Umklapp scattering in large-angle twisted bilayer graphene, which governs low-energy physics and drives unconventional band topology. By constructing symmetry-constrained effective $k\cdot p$ models for $\pm 21.8^{\circ}$-twisted bilayers, we demonstrate how structural chirality imprints distinct electronic responses. The $D_6$ configuration exhibits a gapped spectrum with chiral interlayer coupling, while $D_3$ symmetric stacking configuration displays semimetallic behavior. Crucially, chirality inversion creates topological domain-wall states, which manifest as counterpropagating pseudospin modes at interfaces between oppositely twisted regions. These states, absent in untwisted bilayers, emerge from a Jackiw-Rebbi-like mechanism tied to chirality reversal. Atomistic simulations confirm these topological states and demonstrate their robustness against symmetry-breaking perturbations. The interplay between twist-induced chirality and topology opens new pathways for engineering domain-wall states in twisted materials.

cond-mat.mes-hall