arXiv subjects

Waqquas Bukhsh

Publications and source records attributed to Waqquas Bukhsh.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Modelling Renewable Curtailment and Constraints in Ireland's Electricity System

This paper describes the electricity markets and operational processes in the Irish power system and translates them into a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model. The model is designed to estimate renewable generation Curtailment and Constraint. A full mathematical formulation is presented and tested on both a simple example and a realistic model of the Irish transmission network. The results show that the proposed formulation works as intended, capturing curtailment and constraint effects, while also highlighting model limitations and directions for future improvement.

math.OC↗

arXiv2026

Batteries and the British Energy System

Batteries are becoming a central part of modern energy systems, especially as electricity, transport and heat are decarbonised. In Great Britain, batteries already play an important role by providing flexibility and acting as a buffer for the system, and their importance will continue to grow as the system moves towards net zero by 2050. This perspective reviews how the role of batteries in Great Britain is evolving, their current value, and the growing contribution of batteries in the transport sector.It argues that the full value of electric vehicle batteries will only be realised through coordinated dispatch and better integration into system operation. Evidence from future scenarios developed by the National Energy System Operator (NESO) shows that while electric vehicles could provide most of the storage capacity, unmanaged charging could create challenges for the system rather than benefits. Unlocking this value will require improvements in market design, optimisation, and control strategies.

math.OC↗

arXiv2025

Counterfactual Explanations for Power System Optimisation

Enhanced computational capabilities of modern decision-making software have allowed us to solve increasingly sophisticated optimisation problems. But in complex socio-economic, technical environments such as electricity markets, transparent operation is key to ensure a fair treatment of all parties involved, particularly regarding dispatch decisions. We address this issue by building on the concept of counterfactual explanations, answering questions such as "Why was this generator not dispatched?" by identifying minimum changes in the input parameters that would have changed the optimal solution. Both DC Optimal Power Flow and Unit Commitment problems are considered, wherein the variable parameters are the spatial and temporal demand profiles, respectively. The thereby obtained explanations allow users to identify the most important differences between the real and expected market outcomes and observe which constraints have led to the solution. The framework uses a bilevel optimisation problem to find the counterfactual demand scenarios. State-of-the-art methods are compared with data-driven heuristics on the basis of computational efficiency and explanation accuracy. Results show that leveraging historical data from previously solved instances can provide significant speed benefits and allows us to derive explanations in cases where conventional methods would not be tractable.

eess.SY↗

arXiv2018

Locational Marginal Price Variability at Distribution Level: A Regional Study

As distribution systems move towards being more actively managed there is increased potential for regional markets and the application of locational marginal prices (LMPs) to capture spatial variation in the marginal cost of electricity at distribution level. However, with this increased network visibility can come increased price volatility and uncertainty to investors. This paper studies the variation in LMPs in a section of the south west of England distribution network for current and future installed capacity of distributed generation. It has been shown that in an unconstrained network, spatial LMP variation (due to losses) is minimal compared to the temporal variation. In a constrained network, a significant increase in LMP volatility was observed, both spatially and temporally. This could bring risk for generators particularly if they become stranded in low price areas, or flexible demands facing a drop-off in return when constraints are removed.

cs.CE↗