Vacuum polarization corrections to $μ^+μ^-$ spectrum
The energy levels of the $n=1$ and $n=2$ bound states of the $μ^+μ^-$ atom (true muonium) are calculated starting from a previously derived potential that correctly describes positronium to order $α^5$ supplemented by the known $α^6$ contributions. All electron vacuum polarization corrections on the true muonium levels are computed to order $α^6$ order. The second order perturbative contributions from all of the $α^4$ and $α^5$ terms in the potential are also included. Additional order $α^6$ contributions from the two photon and three photon annihilation processes are included in the evaluation of the ground state ($1^3S_1-1^1S_0$) hyperfine splitting.