arXiv subjects

Weibin Li

Publications and source records attributed to Weibin Li.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

arXiv2024

Research on Predicting Public Opinion Event Heat Levels Based on Large Language Models

In recent years, with the rapid development of large language models, serval models such as GPT-4o have demonstrated extraordinary capabilities, surpassing human performance in various language tasks. As a result, many researchers have begun exploring their potential applications in the field of public opinion analysis. This study proposes a novel large-language-models-based method for public opinion event heat level prediction. First, we preprocessed and classified 62,836 Chinese hot event data collected between July 2022 and December 2023. Then, based on each event's online dissemination heat index, we used the MiniBatchKMeans algorithm to automatically cluster the events and categorize them into four heat levels (ranging from low heat to very high heat). Next, we randomly selected 250 events from each heat level, totalling 1,000 events, to build the evaluation dataset. During the evaluation process, we employed various large language models to assess their accuracy in predicting event heat levels in two scenarios: without reference cases and with similar case references. The results showed that GPT-4o and DeepseekV2 performed the best in the latter case, achieving prediction accuracies of 41.4% and 41.5%, respectively. Although the overall prediction accuracy remains relatively low, it is worth noting that for low-heat (Level 1) events, the prediction accuracies of these two models reached 73.6% and 70.4%, respectively. Additionally, the prediction accuracy showed a downward trend from Level 1 to Level 4, which correlates with the uneven distribution of data across the heat levels in the actual dataset. This suggests that with the more robust dataset, public opinion event heat level prediction based on large language models will have significant research potential for the future.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2024

A Novel Adaptive Fine-Tuning Algorithm for Multimodal Models: Self-Optimizing Classification and Selection of High-Quality Datasets in Remote Sensing

We propose an adaptive fine-tuning algorithm for multimodal large models. The core steps of this algorithm involve two stages of truncation. First, the vast amount of data is projected into a semantic vector space, and the MiniBatchKMeans algorithm is used for automated clustering. This classification ensures that the data within each cluster exhibit high semantic similarity. Next, we process the data in each cluster, calculating the translational difference between the original and perturbed data in the multimodal large model's vector space. This difference serves as a generalization metric for the data. Based on this metric, we select the data with high generalization potential for training. We applied this algorithm to train the InternLM-XComposer2-VL-7B model on two 3090 GPUs using one-third of the GeoChat multimodal remote sensing dataset. The results demonstrate that our algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art baselines. various baselines. The model trained on our optimally chosen one-third dataset, based on experimental validation, exhibited only 1% reduction in performance across various remote sensing metrics compared to the model trained on the full dataset. This approach significantly preserved general-purpose capabilities while reducing training time by 68.2%. Furthermore, the model achieved scores of 89.86 and 77.19 on the UCMerced and AID evaluation datasets, respectively, surpassing the GeoChat dataset by 5.43 and 5.16 points. It only showed a 0.91-point average decrease on the LRBEN evaluation dataset.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2024

Commensurate supersolids and re-entrant transitions in an extended Bose-Hubbard ladder

We investigate the ground state phases of an extended Bose-Hubbard ladder of unit filling via the density-matrix-renormalization-group method and, in particular, the effect of rung-hoppings. In contrast to a single-chain, a commensurate supersolid emerges, and based on the Luttinger parameter, we classify them into two types. The latter leads to a reentrant gapless behavior as the onsite interaction is increased while keeping all other parameters intact. A reentrant gapped transition is also found as a function of nearest-neighbor interactions. Further, we show that the string order characterizing the Haldane phase vanishes for a finite inter-chain hopping amplitude, however small it is. Finally, we propose two experimental platforms to observe our findings, using either dipolar atoms or polar molecules and Rydberg admixed atoms.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2024

Rydberg superatoms: An artificial quantum system for quantum information processing and quantum optics

Dense atom ensembles with Rydberg excitations display intriguing collective effects mediated by their strong, long-range dipole-dipole interactions. These collective effects, often modeled using Rydberg superatoms, have gained significant attention across various fields due to their potential applications in quantum information processing and quantum optics. In this review article, we delve into the theoretical foundations of Rydberg interactions and explore experimental techniques for their manipulation and detection. We also discuss the latest advancements in harnessing Rydberg collective effects for quantum computation and optical quantum technologies. By synthesizing insights from theoretical studies and experimental demonstrations, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of this rapidly evolving field and its potential impact on the future of quantum technologies.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2024

Tripartite quantum Rabi model with trapped Rydberg ions

We investigate a tripartite quantum Rabi model (TQRM) wherein a bosonic mode concurrently couples to two spin-$1/2$ particles through a spin-spin interaction, resulting in a spin-spin-boson coupling -- a departure from conventional quantum Rabi models featuring bipartite spin-boson couplings. The symmetries of the TQRM depend on the detuning parameter, representing the energy difference between the spin states. At zero detuning a parity symmetry renders the TQRM reducible to a quantum Rabi model. A subradiant to superradiant transition in the groundstate is predicted as the tripartite coupling strength increases. For non-zero detuning the total spin emerges as the sole conserved quantity in the TQRM. It is found that superradiance prevails in the groundstate as long as the tripartite coupling remains non-zero. We derive the Braak $\mathcal{G}$-function of the TQRM analytically, with which the eigenspectra are obtained. The TQRM can be realized in a viable trapped Rydberg ion quantum simulator, where the required tripartite couplings and single body interactions in the TQRM are naturally present. Our study opens opportunities to explore and create novel correlations and entanglement in the spin and motional degrees of freedoms with the TQRM.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2024

Ultra-sensitive solid-state organic molecular microwave quantum receiver

High-accuracy microwave sensing is widely demanded in various fields, ranging from cosmology to microwave quantum technology. Quantum receivers based on inorganic solid-state spin systems are promising candidates for such purpose because of the stability and compatibility, but their best sensitivity is currently limited to a few pT/$\sqrt{\rm{Hz}}$. Here, by utilising an enhanced readout scheme with the state-of-the-art solid-state maser technology, we develop a robust microwave quantum receiver functioned by organic molecular spins at ambient conditions. Owing to the maser amplification, the sensitivity of the receiver achieves 6.14 $\pm$ 0.17 fT/$\sqrt{\rm{Hz}}$ which exceeds three orders of magnitude than that of the inorganic solid-state quantum receivers. The heterodyne detection without additional local oscillators improves bandwidth of the receiver and allows frequency detection. The scheme can be extended to other solid-state spin systems without complicated control pulses and thus enables practical applications such as electron spin resonance spectroscopy, dark matter searches, and astronomical observations.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2024

Controlling network-coupled neural dynamics with nonlinear network control theory

This paper addresses the problem of controlling the temporal dynamics of complex nonlinear network-coupled dynamical systems, specifically in terms of neurodynamics. Based on the Lyapunov direct method, we derive a control strategy with theoretical guarantees of controllability. To verify the performance of the derived control strategy, we perform numerical experiments on two nonlinear network-coupled dynamical systems that emulate phase synchronization and neural population dynamics. The results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of our control strategy.

eess.SY↗

arXiv2024

Spectral Heterogeneous Graph Convolutions via Positive Noncommutative Polynomials

Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks (HGNNs) have gained significant popularity in various heterogeneous graph learning tasks. However, most existing HGNNs rely on spatial domain-based methods to aggregate information, i.e., manually selected meta-paths or some heuristic modules, lacking theoretical guarantees. Furthermore, these methods cannot learn arbitrary valid heterogeneous graph filters within the spectral domain, which have limited expressiveness. To tackle these issues, we present a positive spectral heterogeneous graph convolution via positive noncommutative polynomials. Then, using this convolution, we propose PSHGCN, a novel Positive Spectral Heterogeneous Graph Convolutional Network. PSHGCN offers a simple yet effective method for learning valid heterogeneous graph filters. Moreover, we demonstrate the rationale of PSHGCN in the graph optimization framework. We conducted an extensive experimental study to show that PSHGCN can learn diverse heterogeneous graph filters and outperform all baselines on open benchmarks. Notably, PSHGCN exhibits remarkable scalability, efficiently handling large real-world graphs comprising millions of nodes and edges. Our codes are available at https://github.com/ivam-he/PSHGCN.

cs.LG↗

arXiv2024

Shock wave generation and propagation in dissipative and nonlocal nonlinear Rydberg media

We investigate the generation of optical shock waves in strongly interacting Rydberg atomic gases with a spatially homogeneous dissipative potential. The Rydberg atom interaction induces an optical nonlocal nonlinarity. We focus on local nonlinear ($R_b\ll R_0$) and nonlocal nonlinear ($R_b\sim R_0$) regimes, where $R_b$ and $R_0$ are the characteristic length of the Rydberg nonlinearity and beam width, respectively. In the local regime, we show spatial width and contrast of the shock wave change monotonically when increasing strength of the dissipative potential and optical intensity. In the nonlocal regime, the characteristic quantity of the shock wave depend on $R_b/R_0$ and dissipative potential nontrivially and on the intensity monotonically. We find that formation of shock waves dominantly takes place when $R_b$ is smaller than $R_0$, while the propagation dynamics is largely linear when $R_b$ is comparable to or larger than $R_0$. Our results reveal nontrivial roles played by dissipation and nonlocality in the generation of shock waves, and provide a route to manipulate their profiles and stability. Our study furthermore opens new avenues to explore non-Hermitian physics, and nonlinear wave generation and propagation by controlling dissipation and nonlocality in the Rydberg media.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2024

Benchmarking discrete truncated Wigner approximation and neural network quantum states with the exact dynamics in a Rydberg atomic chain

We benchmark the discrete truncated Wigner approximation (DTWA) and Neural quantum states (NQS) based on restricted Boltzmann-like machines with the exact excitation and correlation dynamics in a chain of ten Rydberg atoms. The initial state is where all atoms are in their electronic ground state. We characterize the excitation dynamics using the maximum and time-averaged number of Rydberg excitations. DTWA results are different from the exact dynamics for large Rydberg-Rydberg interactions. In contrast, by increasing the number of hidden spins, the NQS can be improved but still limited to short-time dynamics. Interestingly, irrespective of interaction strengths, the time-averaged number of excitations obtained using NQS is in excellent agreement with the exact results. Concerning the calculation of quantum correlations, for instance, second-order bipartite and average two-site Rényi entropies, NQS looks more promising. Finally, we discuss the existence of a power law scaling for the initial growth of average two-site Rényi entropy.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2024

Dissipative stabilization of high-dimensional GHZ states for neutral atoms

High-dimensional quantum entanglement characterizes the entanglement of quantum systems within a larger Hilbert space, introducing more intricate and complex correlations among the entangled particles' states. The high-dimensional Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state, symbolic of this type of entanglement, is of significant importance in various quantum information processing applications. This study proposes integrating a neutral atom platform with quantum reservoir engineering to generate a high-dimensional GHZ state deterministically. Leveraging the advantages of neutral atoms in a modified unconventional Rydberg pumping mechanism, combined with controlled dissipation, we achieve a three-dimensional GHZ state with a fidelity surpassing 99\% through multiple pump and dissipation cycles. This innovative approach paves the way for experimentally feasible, deterministic preparation of high-dimensional GHZ states in Rydberg atom systems, thereby advancing the capabilities of quantum information processing.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2024

Rydberg ion flywheel for quantum work storage

Trapped ions provide a platform for quantum technologies that offers long coherence times and high degrees of scalability and controllability. Here, we use this platform to develop a realistic model of a thermal device consisting of two laser-driven, strongly coupled Rydberg ions in a harmonic trap. We show that the translational degrees of freedom of this system can be utilized as a flywheel storing the work output that is generated by a cyclic thermodynamic process applied to its electronic degrees of freedom. Mimicking such a process through periodic variations of external control parameters, we use a mean-field approach underpinned by numerical and analytical calculations to identify relevant physical processes and to determine the charging rate of the flywheel. Our work paves the way for the design of microscopic thermal machines based on Rydberg ions that can be equipped with both many-body working media and universal work storages.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2024

Quantum sensing of microwave electric fields based on Rydberg atoms

Microwave electric field sensing is of importance for a wide range of applications in areas of remote sensing, radar astronomy and communications. Over the past decade, Rydberg atoms, owing to their exaggerated response to microwave electric fields, plentiful optional energy levels and integratable preparation methods, have been used in ultra-sensitive, wide broadband, traceable, stealthy microwave electric field sensing. This review first introduces the basic concept of quantum sensing, properties of Rydberg atoms and principles of quantum sensing of microwave electric fields with Rydberg atoms. Then an overview of this very active research direction is gradually expanded, covering progresses of sensitivity and bandwidth in Rydberg atoms based icrowavesensing,uperheterodyne quantum sensing with microwave-dressed Rydberg atoms, quantum-enhanced sensing of microwave electric field, recent advanced quantum measurement systems and approaches to further improve the performance of microwave electric field sensing. Finally, a brief outlook on future development directions is discussed.

physics.atom-ph↗

arXiv2023

Interference of cavity light by a single atom acting as a double slit

Young's double-slit interference experiment is central to quantum mechanics. While it has been demonstrated that an array of atoms can produce interference in light, it is a fundamental question to ask whether a single atom can act as a double slit when prepared in a superposition of two separate positions. Cohen-Tannoudji et al. [Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Laser Spectroscopy, edited by M. Ducloy, E. Giacobino, and G. Camy (World Scientific, Singapore, 1992), pp. 3-14] showed that the cross section of the light scattered by a single atom is independent of the spatial separation. In this work, however, we show that when a single atom tunneling in a double well is coupled to an optical ring cavity, the interference phenomena arise if the tunneling rate is comparable to the cavity linewidth. Being driven by an external laser in the dispersive regime, the field emitted by the atom into the cavity exhibits an interference pattern when varying the double-well spacing. Super-Poissonian bunched light can also be generated near the destructive interference. Furthermore, we show that the atomic flux of the coherent tunneling motion generates directional cavity emission, which oscillates for many cycles before the decoherence of the atomic motion and the decay of the cavity photons. Our work opens ways to manipulate photons with controllable external states of atoms for quantum information applications and use cavity light as nondestructive measurements for many-body states of atomic systems.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2023

Thermal-dephasing-tolerant generation of Schrödinger cat states with Rydberg dressed blockade

Multipartite entangled states involving non-locality are one of the most fascinating characteristics of quantum mechanics. In this work, we propose a thermal-dephasing-tolerant generation of mesoscopic entangled states with Rydberg dressed atoms. We encode logical state on dressed states rather than Rydberg states. Such treatment can increase the lifetime of multipartite entanglement coherence to around 3 times compared to the Rydberg-state-coding one at the same system size, and therefore induce solid fidelities of mesoscopic superposition states generation. The current work theoretically verifies the advantages of using Rydberg dressed states in many-body quantum entanglement, which is helpful for large-scale quantum computation and many-body Rydberg quantum simulation.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2023

Shifting More Attention to Breast Lesion Segmentation in Ultrasound Videos

Breast lesion segmentation in ultrasound (US) videos is essential for diagnosing and treating axillary lymph node metastasis. However, the lack of a well-established and large-scale ultrasound video dataset with high-quality annotations has posed a persistent challenge for the research community. To overcome this issue, we meticulously curated a US video breast lesion segmentation dataset comprising 572 videos and 34,300 annotated frames, covering a wide range of realistic clinical scenarios. Furthermore, we propose a novel frequency and localization feature aggregation network (FLA-Net) that learns temporal features from the frequency domain and predicts additional lesion location positions to assist with breast lesion segmentation. We also devise a localization-based contrastive loss to reduce the lesion location distance between neighboring video frames within the same video and enlarge the location distances between frames from different ultrasound videos. Our experiments on our annotated dataset and two public video polyp segmentation datasets demonstrate that our proposed FLA-Net achieves state-of-the-art performance in breast lesion segmentation in US videos and video polyp segmentation while significantly reducing time and space complexity. Our model and dataset are available at https://github.com/jhl-Det/FLA-Net.

eess.IV↗

arXiv2023

High-fidelity interconversion between Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger and $W$ states through Floquet-Lindblad engineering in Rydberg atom arrays

Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger and W states feature genuine tripartite entanglement that cannot be converted into each other by local operations and classical communication. Here, we present a dissipative protocol for deterministic interconversion between Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger and W states of three neutral $^{87}$Rb atoms arranged in an equilateral triangle of a two-dimensional array. With three atomic levels and diagonal van der Waals interactions of Rydberg atoms, the interconversion between tripartite entangled states can be efficiently accomplished in the Floquet-Lindblad framework through the periodic optical pump and dissipation engineering. We evaluate the feasibility of the existing methodology using the experimental parameters accessible to current neutral-atom platforms. We find that our scheme is robust against typical noises, such as laser phase noise and geometric imperfections of the atom array. In addition, our scheme can integrate the Gaussian soft quantum control technique, which further reduces the overall conversion time and increases the resilience to timing errors and interatomic distance fluctuations. The high-fidelity and robust tripartite entanglement interconversion protocol provides a route to save physical resources and enhance the computational efficiency of quantum networks formed by neutral-atom arrays.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2023

Signatures of quantum chaos of Rydberg dressed bosons in a triple-well potential

We study signatures of quantum chaos in dynamics of Rydberg dressed bosonic atoms held in a one dimensional triple-well potential. Long-range nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor interactions, induced by laser dressing atoms to strongly interacting Rydberg states, affect drastically mean field and quantum many-body dynamics. By analyzing the mean field dynamics, classical chaos regions with positive and large Lyapunov exponents are identified as a function of the potential well tilting and dressed interactions. In the quantum regime, it is found that level statistics of the eigen-energies gains a Wigner-Dyson distribution when the Lyapunov exponents are large, giving rise to signatures of strong quantum chaos. We find that both the time averaged entanglement entropy and survival probability of the initial state have distinctively large values in the quantum chaos regime. We further show that population variances could be used as an indicator of the emergence of quantum chaos. This might provide a way to directly probe quantum chaotic dynamics through analyzing population dynamics in individual potential wells.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗