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Wenkai Fan

Publications and source records attributed to Wenkai Fan.

14 recordsLinked to original sources

AIvilization v0: Toward Large-Scale Artificial Social Simulation with a Unified Agent Architecture and Adaptive Agent Profiles

AIvilization v0 is a publicly deployed large-scale artificial society that couples a resource-constrained sandbox with a unified LLM-agent architecture, aiming to sustain long-horizon autonomy while remaining executable under a rapidly changing environment. To mitigate the tension between goal stability and reactive correctness, keeping long-horizon objectives on course while each action remains valid in a fast-changing shared world, we introduce (i) a hierarchical branch-thinking planner that decomposes life goals into parallel objective branches and uses simulation-guided validation plus tiered re-planning to ensure feasibility; (ii) an adaptive agent profile with dual-process memory that separates short-term execution traces from long-term semantic consolidation, enabling persistent yet evolving identity; and (iii) a human-in-the-loop steering interface that injects long-horizon objectives and short commands at appropriate abstraction levels, with effects propagated through memory instead of brittle prompt overrides. The environment integrates physiological survival costs, non-substitutable multi-tier production, an AMM-based price mechanism, and a gated education-occupation system. In a large-scale public deployment with tens of thousands of agents, high-frequency transactions from the platform's mature phase reveal stable markets that reproduce key stylized facts of real economies and structured wealth stratification driven by education and access constraints. At the agent level, portraits evolve coherently over long horizons, and human steering is associated with measurably larger short-horizon profile updates. Controlled ablation experiments complement the deployment evidence, showing that our agent architecture is robust in multi-objective, long-horizon settings.

cs.MA

3D Multi-system Bayesian Calibration with Energy Conservation to Study Rapidity-dependent Dynamics of Nuclear Collisions

Considerable information about the early-stage dynamics of heavy-ion collisions is encoded in the rapidity dependence of measurements. To leverage the large amount of experimental data, we perform a systematic analysis using three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of multiple collision systems -- large and small, symmetric and asymmetric. Specifically, we perform fully 3D multi-stage hydrodynamic simulations initialized by a parameterized model for rapidity-dependent energy deposition, which we calibrate on the hadron multiplicity and anisotropic flow coefficients. We utilize Bayesian inference to constrain properties of the early- and late- time dynamics of the system, and highlight the impact of enforcing global energy conservation in our 3D model.

nucl-th

Hadronization of Heavy Quarks

Heavy-flavor hadrons produced in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions are a sensitive probe for studying hadronization mechanisms of the quark-gluon-plasma. In this work, we survey how different transport models for the simulation of heavy-quark diffusion through a quark-gluon plasma in heavy-ion collisions implement hadronization and how this affects final-state observables. Utilizing the same input charm-quark distribution in all models at the hadronization transition, we find that the transverse-momentum dependence of the nuclear modification factor of various charm hadron species has significant sensitivity to the hadronization scheme. In addition, the charm-hadron elliptic flow exhibits a nontrivial dependence on the elliptic flow of the hadronizing partonic medium.

hep-ph

Hybrid Hadronization of Jet Showers from $e^++e^-$ to $A+A$ with JETSCAPE

In this talk we review jet production in a large variety of collision systems using the JETSCAPE event generator and Hybrid Hadronization. Hybrid Hadronization combines quark recombination, applicable when distances between partons in phase space are small, and string fragmentation appropriate for dilute parton systems. It can therefore smoothly describe the transition from very dilute parton systems like $e^++e^-$ to full $A+A$ collisions. We test this picture by using JETSCAPE to generate jets in various systems. Comparison to experimental data in $e^++e^-$ and $p+p$ collisions allows for a precise tuning of vacuum baseline parameters in JETSCAPE and Hybrid Hadronization. Proceeding to systems with jets embedded in a medium, we study in-medium hadronization for jet showers. We quantify the effects of an ambient medium, focusing in particular on the dependence on the collective flow and size of the medium. Our results clarify the effects we expect from in-medium hadronization of jets on observables like fragmentation functions, hadron chemistry and jet shape.

hep-ph

A multistage framework for studying the evolution of jets and high-$p_T$ probes in small collision systems

Understanding the modification of jets and high-$p_T$ probes in small systems requires the integration of soft and hard physics. We present recent developments in extending the JETSCAPE framework to build an event generator, which includes correlations between soft and hard partons, to study jet observables in small systems. The multi-scale physics of the collision is separated into different stages. Hard scatterings are first sampled at binary collision positions provided by the Glauber geometry. They are then propagated backward in space-time following an initial-state shower to obtain the initiating partons' energies and momenta before the collision. These energies and momenta are then subtracted from the incoming colliding nucleons for soft-particle production, modeled by the 3D-Glauber + hydrodynamics + hadronic transport framework. This new hybrid approach (X-SCAPE) includes non-trivial correlations between jet and soft particle productions in small systems. We calibrate this framework with the final state hadrons' $p_T$-spectra from low to high $p_T$ in $p$-$p$, and and then compare with the spectra in $p$-$Pb$ collisions from the LHC. We also present results for additional observables such as the distributions of event activity as a function of the hardest jet $p_T$ in forward and mid-rapidity for both $p$-$p$ and $p$-$Pb$ collisions.

hep-ph

Multi-Stage Heavy Quark Transport in Ultra-relativistic Heavy-ion Collisions

The quark gluon plasma (QGP) is one of the most interesting forms of matter providing us with insight on quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and the early universe. It is believed that the heavy-ion collision experiments at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) have created the QGP medium by colliding two heavy nuclei at nearly the speed of light. Since the collision happens really fast, we can not observe the QGP directly. Instead, we look at the hundreds or even thousands of final hadrons coming out of the collision. In particular, jet and heavy flavor observables are excellent probes of the transport properties of such a medium. On the theoretical side, computational models are essential to make the connections between the final observables and the plasma. Previously studies have employed a comprehensive multistage modeling approach of both the probes and the medium. In this dissertation, heavy quarks are investigated as probes pf the QGP. First, the framework that describes the evolution of both soft and hard particles during the collision is discussed, which includes initial condition, hydrodynamical expansion, parton transport, hadronization, and hadronic rescattering. It has recently been organized into the Jet Energy-loss Tomography with a Statistically and Computationally Advanced Program Envelope (JETSCAPE) framework, which allows people to study heavy-ion collision in a more systematic manner. To study the energy loss of hard partons inside the QGP medium, the linear Boltzmann transport model (LBT) and in medium DGLAP evolution (implemented in the MATTER model) are combined and have achieved a simultaneous description of both charged hadron, D meson, and inclusive jet observables. To further extract the transport coefficients, a Bayesian analysis is conducted which constrains the parameters in the transport models.

nucl-th

Nonequilibrium effects and transverse spherocity in ultra-relativistic proton-nucleus collisions

We investigate the effects of nonequilibrium dynamics in small colliding systems by comparing a nonequilibrium transport approach, the Parton-Hadron-String-Dynamics (PHSD), with a (2+1)D viscous hydrodynamic model, VISHNew. Focusing on p+Pb collisions at LHC energy, we extract the initial conditions for the hydrodynamic model from PHSD, in order to reduce the impact of the early out-of-equilibrium dynamics and focus on the traces of nonequilibiurm in the ensuing medium evolution. We find that in the transport approach quantities like energy density and bulk viscous pressure are highly inhomogeneous on the transverse plane during the whole evolution, whereas the hydrodynamic simulations dissolve more efficiently the initial spatial irregularities, still keeping a high degree of inhomogeneity due to the smaller size and lifetime of the medium produced in p+Pb collisions with respect to heavy-ion reactions. As a first step that will help to identify the impact of these nonequilibrium effects on final observables in proton-nucleus collisions, we perform an analysis of the transverse spherocity, an event-shape observable able to distinguish between jetty and isotropic configurations of transverse momenta. We found that the spherocity distribution in PHSD is slightly shifted towards the isotropic limit with respect to the hydrodynamic result. Even though this dissimilarity is partially due to the difference in the final charged particle production, it mainly comes from the different description within the two frameworks of the medium produced in small colliding systems. This finding supports the idea that multi-differential measurements, such as those based on event categorization according to multiplicity and spherocity, are useful to study final-state observables in ultrarelativistic proton-nucleus collisions.

nucl-th

Study of heavy-flavor jets in a transport approach

Measurements at the RHIC and the LHC have observed flavor dependence of single-hadron suppression, which reveal the role played by quark masses in the parton interactions with the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) medium. In this study, we explore the manifestation of quark mass effect and flavor dependence in jet observables. We approach this study using the LIDO transport model. Both elastic and medium-induced radiative processes are implemented for hard parton evolution in the medium. To guarantee energy-momentum conservation in the model for the study of full jet observables, we also include a component that mimics the energy-momentum transported by medium excitation. We first predict the heavy-jet (B-jet, D-jet) and inclusive-jet nuclear modification factor $R_{AA}$ in central nuclear collisions at both the RHIC and the LHC beam energies. We observe a flavor-dependent jet suppression as a function of jet transverse momentum, which can be tested by future precision measurements of heavy jets. We further investigate a novel observable that considers the angular correlation between two hard objects: a D-meson and a jet, which provides model constraints in addition to those imposed by inclusive measurements.

nucl-th

Multi-stability in Doubochinski's Pendulum

The widespread phenomena of multistability is a problem involving rich dynamics to be explored. In this paper, we study the multistability of a generalized nonlinear forcing oscillator excited by $f(x)cos ωt$. We take Doubochinski's Pendulum as an example. The so-called "amplitude quantization", i.e., the multiple discrete periodical solutions, is identified as self-adaptive subharmonic resonance in response to nonlinear feeding. The subharmonic resonance frequency is found related to the symmetry of the driving force: odd subharmonic resonance occurs under even symmetric driving force and vice versa. We solve the multiple periodical solutions and investigate the transition and competition between these multi-stable modes via frequency response curves and Poincare maps. We find the irreversible transition between the multistable modes and propose a multistability control strategy.

physics.class-ph

Comment on "A Nonholonomic Model of the Paul Trap"

A recent article by Borisov et al. [Regular and Chaotic Dynamics 23.3 (2018): 339-354.] studies the motion of a rigid ball in a rotating-saddle trap. The authors claim that they derive a new equation of motion from the Lagrangian formalism, which is different from the one we obtained from the Newtonian formalism in our recent work [American Journal of Physics 85.11 (2017): 821-829.]. We show here that these two equations of motion are the same. In addition, besides the reduced spin frequency and the moment of inertia coefficient, the stability condition given by the article is independent of the ball radius---this result is incorrect. The mistake is due to the fact that the center of mass and the contact point are not distinguished in the explicit expression of the local normal vector.

physics.class-ph

Nonlinear effect of forced harmonic oscillator subject to sliding friction and simulation by a simple nonlinear circuit

We study the nonlinear behaviors of mass-spring systems damped by dry friction using simulation by a nonlinear LC circuit damped by anti-parallel diodes. We show that the differential equation for the electric oscillator is equivalent to the mechanical one's when a piecewise linear model is used to simplify the diodes I-V curve. We derive series solutions to the differential equation under weak nonlinear approximation which can describe the resonant response as well as amplitudes of superharmonic components. Experimental results are consistent with series solutions. We also present the phenomenon of hysteresis. Theoretical analysis along with numerical simulations are conducted to explore the stick-slip boundary. The correspondence between the mechanical and electric oscillators makes it easy to demonstrate the behaviors of this nonlinear oscillator on a digital oscilloscope. It can be used to extend the linear RLC experiment at the undergraduate level.

physics.class-ph

Confining rigid balls by mimicking quadrupole ion trapping

The rotating saddle not only is an interesting system that is able to trap a ball near its saddle point, but can also intuitively illustrate the operating principles of quadrupole ion traps in modern physics. Unlike the conventional models based on the mass-point approximation, we study the stability of a ball in a rotating-saddle trap using rigid-body dynamics. The stabilization condition of the system is theoretically derived and subsequently verified by experiments. The results are compared with the previous mass-point model, giving large discrepancy as the curvature of the ball is comparable to that of the saddle. We also point out that the spin angular velocity of the ball is analogous to the cyclotron frequency of ions in an external magnetic field utilized in many prevailing ion-trapping schemes.

physics.class-ph

Identifying the presence of the critical end point in QCD phase diagram by higher order susceptibilities

For the first time, we investigate susceptibilities of dense quark matter up to $8$th order using an effective model. Generally higher order susceptibilities will have more sign changes and larger magnitude, thus should give more information about the presence and location of the conjectured QCD critical end point (CEP). Two cases are studied, one with the CEP and one being crossover phase transition throughout the QCD phase diagram. It is found that a rapid crossover transition can also give similar sign pattern as the case with the CEP and yield large signal. We propose that using several kinds of ions for collision to search for a wider range on the QCD phase diagram may help.

hep-ph

Susceptibilities of Conserved Charges within a Modified Nambu-Jona-Lasinio Model

We evaluate the $2$nd to $4$th order baryon, charge and strangeness susceptibilities near a chiral critical point using the Nambu--Jona--Lasinio model under different temperature and baryon chemical potential. Baryon number susceptibilities are found to be of the greatest magnitude, offering the strongest signal. Whereas the strangeness susceptibilities have the smallest divergence dominating area, owing to the large strange quark mass. We also make an attempt to compare our results with experiment data. The trend at high collision energy are found to be consistent between theory and experiment. The model calculation predicts more complex behavior at low collision energies, near the postulated critical end point.

hep-ph