arXiv subjects

Wenxing Zhang

Publications and source records attributed to Wenxing Zhang.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2025

The Multi-Messenger Astroparticle Physics: the First Constraint on Light Millicharged Dark Matter via Time-Delay Analysis of GRB GW170817A

The multi-messenger astroparticle physics provides a new approach to probe the new physics beyond the Standard Model. We propose to probe the light dark matter which can interact with electromagnetic interaction. To be concrete, we derive the new constraint on the millicharged dark matter from the multi-messenger observations of GW170817. In the neutron star merger event GW170817, the first detection of a gamma-ray burst (GRB) delayed by approximately 1.7 seconds relative to the gravitational wave emission was observed. Utilizing this delay, we constrain the parameter space of the millicharged dark matter within the large-scale structure of the Universe. For dark matter mass below $10^{-15}$ eV, the parameter $ε$ is constrained to be less than $10^{-14}$, representing the most stringent limits achieved to date.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2025

High-Quality Axion Models with the Anomalous $U(1)_X$ Gauge Symmetry

We propose the generic high-quality axion models with anomalous $U(1)_X$ gauge symmetry and vector-like particles. We briefly review the gauge anomaly cancellations via the Green-Schwarz mechanism, study the breaking of the $U(1)_X$ gauge symmetry, as well as derive the Nambu-Goldstone boson, Peccei-Quinn (PQ) axion, and axion decay constant in general. The high-dimensional operators, which break the $U(1)_{PQ}$ global symmetry, have dimension eleven or higher due to the anomalous $U(1)_X$ gauge symmetry, and thus the axion quality problem is solved. In particular, unlike the high-quality axion models with anomaly free $U(1)$ gauge symmetry, we only need to introduce two pairs of vector-like particles. To be concrete, we present three specific models with two pairs of vector-like particles. We show that gauge anomalies in all three models can be canceled via the Green-Schwarz mechanism. To achieve gauge coupling unification, we need to introduce additional vector-like particles only in Model I. We find that gauge coupling unification is achieved at the unification scale around $10^{16}$ GeV with a relative error of less than 1\%. Notably, gauge coupling unification in Model II is achieved naturally with the smallest relative error of 0.1\%.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2025

Phase transitions, anomalous baryon number violation and electroweak multiplet dark matter

We perform a comprehensive analysis of baryon number violation during an electroweak phase transition (EWPT) within the framework of a scalar electroweak multiplet extension of the Standard Model. We classify the multiplet representations, topological properties, and corresponding thermal histories. Sphaleron or monopole topological field solutions emerge during the EWPT depending on the stage of the phase transition and the hypercharge of the new scalar multiplet. Furthermore, the monopole field solution pertains when the neutral component of the additional scalar multiplet is a viable dark matter candidate. We further analyze other formal considerations, including the construction of the \lq\lq sphaleron matrix\rq\rq\, for higher dimensional representations, computation of the sphaleron and monopole masses, and the choice of boundary conditions when solving the field equations of motion. We apply these considerations to the computation of sphaleron energy and monopole mass within the context of a multi-step EWPT, employing the SU(2)$_L$ septuplet scalar extension to the Standard Model (SM) as a case of study from the minimal dark matter paradigm. For the first step of a two-step EWPT, we delineate the relationship between the monopole mass and the parameters relevant to dark matter phenomenology.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2024

Dark photon constraints from a 7.139 GHz cavity haloscope experiment

The dark photon is a promising candidate for the dark matter which comprises most of the matter in our visible Universe. Via kinetic mixing with the Standard Model it can also be resonantly converted to photons in an electromagnetic cavity, offering novel experimental possibilities for the discovery and study of dark matter. We report the results of a pathfinder dark photon dark matter cavity search experiment performed at Hunan Normal University and the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, representing the first stage of the APEX (Axion and dark Photon EXperiment) program. Finding no statistically significant excess, we place an upper limit on the kinetic mixing parameter $|χ|<3.7\times 10^{-13}$ around $m_A\simeq 29.5$ $μ$eV at 90% confidence level. This result exceeds other constraints on dark photon dark matter in this frequency range by roughly an order of magnitude.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2024

Extended alternating structure-adapted proximal gradient algorithm for nonconvex nonsmooth problems

Alternating structure-adapted proximal (ASAP) gradient algorithm (M. Nikolova and P. Tan, SIAM J Optim, 29:2053-2078, 2019) has drawn much attention due to its efficiency in solving nonconvex nonsmooth optimization problems. However, the multiblock nonseparable structure confines the performance of ASAP to far-reaching practical problems, e.g., coupled tensor decomposition. In this paper, we propose an extended ASAP (eASAP) algorithm for nonconvex nonsmooth optimization whose objective is the sum of two nonseperable functions and a coupling one. By exploiting the blockwise restricted prox-regularity, eASAP is capable of minimizing the objective whose coupling function is multiblock nonseparable. Moreover, we analyze the global convergence of eASAP by virtue of the Aubin property on partial subdifferential mapping and the Kurdyka-Łojasiewicz property on the objective. Furthermore, the sublinear convergence rate of eASAP is built upon the proximal point algorithmic framework under some mild conditions. Numerical simulations on multimodal data fusion demonstrate the compelling performance of the proposed method.

math.OC↗

arXiv2024

Calibration of the Cryogenic Measurement System of a Resonant Haloscope Cavity

Possible light bosonic dark matter interactions with the Standard Model photon have been searched by microwave resonant cavities. In this paper, we demonstrate the cryogenic readout system calibration of a 7.138 GHz copper cavity with a loaded quality factor $Q_l=10^4$, operated at 22 mK temperature based on a dilution refrigerator. Our readout system consists of High Electron Mobility Transistors as cryogenic amplifiers at 4 K, plus room-temperature amplifiers and a spectrum analyzer for signal power detection. We test the system with a superconducting two-level system as a single-photon source in the microwave frequency regime and report an overall 95.6 dB system gain and -71.4 dB attenuation in the cavity's input channel. The effective noise temperature of the measurement system is 7.5 K.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2024

Testing Complex Singlet Scalar Cosmology at the Large Hadron Collider

The Standard Model extended with a complex singlet scalar (cxSM) can admit a strong first order electroweak phase transition (SFOEWPT) as needed for electroweak baryogenesis and provide a dark matter (DM) candidate. The presence of both a DM candidate and a singlet-like scalar that mixes with the Standard Model Higgs boson leads to the possibility of a $b\bar{b}+\text{MET}$ final state in $pp$ collisions. Focusing on this channel, we analyze the prospective reach at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) for a heavy singlet-like scalar in regions of cxSM parameter space compatible with a SFOEWT and DM phenomenology. We identify this parameter space while implementing current constraints from electroweak precision observable and Higgs boson property measurements as well as those implied by LHC heavy resonance searches.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2023

Probing Electroweak Phase Transition in the Singlet Standard Model via $bbγγ$ and 4$l$ channels

We investigate the prospects for resonant di-Higgs and heavy Higgs production searches at the 14 TeV HL-LHC in the combination of $bbγγ$ and $4l$ channels, as a probe of a possible first order electroweak phase transition in real singlet scalar extension of the Standard Model. Event selection follows those utilized in the $bbγγ$ and $4l$ searches by the ATLAS Collaboration, applied to simulation using benchmark parameters that realize a strong first order electroweak phase transition. The output of discriminant analysis is implemented by numerical calculation, optimised by the joint restriction from the two channels. The prospective reach for $bbγγ$/$4l$ channel could be more competitive in probing the electroweak phase transition at lower/higher resonance masses. With 3 $ab^{-1}$ integrated luminosity, the combination of the $bbγγ$ and $4l$ channels can discover/exclude a significant portion of %\mrmC{isn't it more accurate to say "a significant portion of" ?} of the viable parameter space that realizes a strong first order phase transition when the resonance mass is heavier than 500 GeV.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2023

The $Z$ resonance, inelastic dark matter, and new physics anomalies in the Simple Extension of the Standard Model (SESM) with general scalar potential

We consider the generic scalar potential with CP-violation, and study the $Z$ resonance and inelastic dark matter in the Simple Extension of the Standard Model (SESM), which can explain the dark matter as well as new physics anomalies such as the B physics anomalies and muon anomalous magnetic moment, etc. With the new scalar potential terms, we obtain the mass splittings for the real and imaginary parts of scalar fields. And thus we can have the DM co-annihilation process mediated by $Z$ boson, which couples exclusively to the CP-even and CP-odd parts of scalar fields. This is a brand new feature compared to the previous study. For the CP conserving case, we present the viable parameter space for the Higgs and $Z$ resonances, which can explain the B physics anomalies, muon anomalous magnetic moment, and dark matter relic density, as well as evade the constraint from the XENON1T direct detection simultaneously. For the CP-violating case, we consider the inelastic dark matter, and study four concrete scenarios for the inelastic DM-nucleon scatterings mediated by the Higgs and $Z$ bosons in details. Also, we present the benchmark points which satisfy the aforementioned constraints. Furthermore, we investigate the constraints from the dark matter-electron inelastic scattering processes mediated by the Higgs and $Z$ bosons in light of the XENONnT data. We show that the constraint on the $Z$ mediated process is weak, while the Higgs mediated process excludes the dark matter with mass around several MeV.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2023

Investigating the GmSUGRA in the MSSM through the long-lived bino NLSP at the HL-LHC

The axino, the supersymmetric partner of axion, is a well-motivated warm/hot dark matter candidate, and provides a natural solution to the relic density problem for the bino-like neutralino if it is the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP). With the Generalized Minimal Supergravity, we study such kind of the viable parameter space where the bino-like neutralino is the next-to-LSP (NLSP) and the axino is the LSP. In addition, we consider a scenario where the bino is a long-lived NLSP with the lifetime varying from $10^{-6}$s to $10^{-4}$s, and then propose a new signal searching scheme involving one displaced photon together with the large missing transverse momentum at the HL-LHC. The bino-like lightest neutralino lies under or around 100 GeV and is produced as a decay product of the right-handed sleptons.The relevant axion coupling $f_a$ can be probed up to $\mathcal{O}(10^9)$ GeV at 2$σ$ level for the right-handed slepton mass under 300 GeV and the lightest neutralino mass under 100 GeV.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2022

Deeply Learned Preselection of Higgs Dijet Decays at Future Lepton Colliders

Future electron-positron colliders will play a leading role in the precision measurement of Higgs boson couplings which is one of the central interests in particle physics. Aiming at maximizing the performance to measure the Higgs couplings to the bottom, charm and strange quarks, we develop machine learning methods to improve the selection of events with a Higgs decaying to dijets. Our methods are based on the Boosted Decision Tree (BDT), Fully-Connected Neural Network (FCNN) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). We find that the BDT and FCNN-based algorithms outperform the conventional cut-based method. With our improved selection of Higgs decaying to dijet events using the FCNN, the charm quark signal strength is measured with a $16\%$ error, which is roughly a factor of two better than the $34\%$ precision obtained by the cut-based analysis. Also, the strange quark signal strength is constrained as $μ_{ss} \lesssim 35$ at the $95\%$ C.L. with the FCNN, which is to be compared with $μ_{ss} \lesssim 70$ obtained by the cut-based method.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2022

Probing Relatively Heavier Right-Handed Selectron at the CEPC, $\rm\bf {FCC_{ee}}$ and ILC

We employ the low energy Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) to explore the parameter space associated with $Z$-pole and Higgs-pole solutions. Such parameter spaces can not only saturate the cold dark matter relic density bound within 5$σ$ set by the Planck 2018, but also satisfy the other standard collider mass bounds and B-physics bounds. In particular, we show that the right-handed selectron can be light. Thus, we propose a search for the relatively heavier right-handed selectron at the future lepton colliders with the center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=240$ GeV and integrated luminosity 3000 $\rm{fb^{-1}}$ via mono-photon channel: $e^{+}_{R} e^{-}_{R}\rightarrow {\tilde χ_{1}^{0}(bino)}+{\tilde χ_{1}^{0}(bino)}+γ$. We show that for the $Z$-pole case the right-handed selectron will be excluded up to 180 GeV and 210 GeV respectively at 3$σ$ and 2$σ$, while the right-handed selectron will be excluded up to 140 GeV and 180 GeV respectively at 3$σ$ and 2$σ$ in case of Higgs-pole.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2021

The quirk signal at FASER and FASER 2

We study FASER and FASER 2 sensitivities to the quirk signal by simulating the motions of quirks that are travelling through several infrastructures from the ATLAS interaction point to the FASER (2) detector. The ionization energy losses for a charged quirk travelling in different materials are treated carefully. We calculate the expected numbers of quirk events that can reach the FASER (2) detector for an integrated luminosity of 150 (3000) fb$^{-1}$. Scenarios for quirks with four different quantum numbers, and different masses and confinement scales are studied.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2021

Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment and Higgs Potential Stability in the 331 Model from $SU(6)$

We consider a $SU(3)_c \times SU(3)_L \times U(1)_X$ model from a $SU(6)$ Grand Unified Theory (GUT). In order to explain the anomalous magnetic moments of muon and electron, we introduce two new scalar triplets without vacuum expectation values (VEVs) so that the leading contributions to $Δa_μ$ and $Δa_{e}$ can avoid the suppression from small muon mass. In addition, the Higgs potential stability of this 331 model is studied by giving a set of sufficient conditions to ensure the boundedness from below of the potential.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2021

Optical vortex coronagraph imaging of a laser-induced plasma filament

A high contrast imaging technique based on an optical vortex coronagraph (OVC) is used to measure the spatial phase profile induced by an air plasma generated by a femtosecond laser pulse. The sensitivity of the OVC method significantly surpassed both in-line holographic and direct imaging methods based on air plasma fluorescence. The estimated phase sensitivity of 0.046 waves provides opportunities for OVC applications in areas such as bioimaging, material characterization, as well as plasma diagnostics.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2021

The Natural Explanation of the Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment via the Electroweak Supersymmetry from the GmSUGRA in the MSSM

The Fermi-Lab Collaboration has announced the results for the measurement of muon anomalous magnetic moment. Combining with the previous results by the BNL experiment, we have $4.2 σ$ deviation from the Standard Model (SM), which strongly implies the new physics around 1 TeV. To explain the muon anomalous magnetic moment naturally, we analyze the corresponding five Feynman diagrams in the Supersymetric SMs (SSMs), and show that the Electroweak Supersymmetry (EWSUSY) is definitely needed. We realize the EWSUSY in the Minimal SSM (MSSM) with Genernalized Mininal Supergravity (GmSUGRA). We find large viable parameter space, which is consistent with all the current experimental constraints. In particular, the Lightest Supersymmetric Particle (LSP) neutralino can be at least as heavy as 550 GeV. Most of the viable parameter space can be probed at the future HL-LHC, while we do need the future HE-LHC to probe some viable parameter space. However, it might still be challenge if R-parity is violated.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2020

$SU(3)_C\times SU(3)_L\times U(1)_X$ model from $SU(6)$

We propose the $SU(3)_C\times SU(3)_L\times U(1)_X$ model arising from $SU(6)$ breaking. One family of the Standard Model (SM) fermions arises from two $\bar{6}$ representations and one $15$ representation of $SU(6)$ gauge symmetry. To break the $SU(3)_C\times SU(3)_L\times U(1)_X$ gauge symmetry down to the SM, we introduce three $SU(3)_L$ triplet Higgs fields, where two of them come from the $\bar{6}$ representation while the other one from the $15$ representation. We study the gauge boson masses and Higgs boson mass in detail, and find that the vacuum expectation value (VEV) of the Higgs field for $SU(3)_L\times U(1)_X$ gauge symmetry breaking is around 10 TeV. The neutrino masses and mixing can be generated via the littlest inverse seesaw mechanism. In particular, we have normal hierarchy for neutrino masses and the lightest active neutrino is massless. Also, we consider constraints from the charged lepton flavor changing decays as well. Furthermore, introducing two $SU(3)_L$ adjoint fermions, one $SU(3)_C$ adjoint scalar, and one $SU(3)_L$ triplet scalar, we can achieve gauge coupling unification within 1\%. These extra particles can provide a dark matter candidate as well.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2020

Uncovering quirk signal via energy loss inside tracker

The quirk particle carries Lorentz force and long-range infracolor force, while suffers relatively large ionization energy loss inside the detector. It can be indirectly constrained by mono-jet search or directly search through co-planar hits if the confinement scale is not too low ($Λ\gtrsim 100$ eV). Considering the ionization energy loss inside tracker, we improve the co-planar search. We also will solve the equation of motion for quirks numerically by including all of the important contributions. Based on our selection strategy, the $\sim 100$ fb$^{-1}$ dataset at the LHC will be able to probe the colored fermion/scalar quirks with masses up to {2.1/1.1 TeV}, and the color neutral fermion/scalar quirks with masses up to {450/150 GeV}, respectively.

hep-ph↗