arXiv subjects

Wesley T. E. van den Beld

Publications and source records attributed to Wesley T. E. van den Beld.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2024

Engineering Work Function to Stabilize Metal Oxides in Reactive Hydrogen

Hydrogen, crucial for the green energy transition, poses a challenge due to its tendency to degrade surrounding wall materials. To harness hydrogen's potential, it is essential to identify materials' parameter(s) that modulate hydrogen-material interaction. In a recent publication, we have shown that the reduction (de-nitridation) of transition metal (TM)-nitrides in hydrogen radicals (H*) stops when their work function drops below a threshold limit. In this work, we tailor the work function of a complex TM-oxide by tuning the relative content of its constituent TM-atoms. We show that increasing the fraction of a low work function TM decreases the work function of the complex oxide, thereby decreasing its reducibility (de-oxidation) in H*. This leads to the stabilization of the higher oxidation states of a high work function TM, which otherwise readily reduce in H*. We propose that the work function serves as a tuneable parameter, modulating the interaction of hydrogen with TM compounds.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2024

Chemically Stable Group IV-V Transition Metal Carbide Thin Films in Hydrogen Radical Environments

Hydrogen is playing a crucial role in the green energy transition. Yet, its tendency to react with and diffuse into surrounding materials poses a challenge. Therefore, it is critical to develop coatings that protect hydrogen-sensitive system components in reactive-hydrogen environments. In this work, we report group IV-V transition metal carbide (TMC) thin films as potential candidates for hydrogen-protective coatings in hydrogen radical (H*) environments at elevated temperatures. We identify three classes of TMCs based on the reduction of carbides and surface oxides (TMOx). HfC, ZrC, TiC, TaC, NbC, and VC (class A) are found to have a stable carbidic-C (TM-C) content, with a further sub-division into partial (class A1: HfC, ZrC, and TiC) and strong (class A2: TaC, NbC, and VC) surface TMOx reduction. In contrast to class A, a strong carbide reduction is observed in Co2C (class B), along with a strong surface TMOx reduction. The H*-TMC/TMOx interaction is hypothesized to entail three processes: (i) hydrogenation of surface C/O-atoms, (ii) formation of CHx/OHx species, and (iii) subsurface C/O-atoms diffusion to the surface vacancies. The number of adsorbed H-atoms required to form CHx/OHx species (i), and the corresponding energy barriers (ii) are estimated based on the change in the Gibbs free energy (DeltaG) for the reduction reactions of TMCs and TMOx. Hydrogenation of surface carbidic-C-atoms is proposed to limit the reduction of TMCs, whereas the reduction of surface TMOx is governed by the thermodynamic barrier for forming H2O.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2024

Work-Function-Dependent Reduction of Transition Metal Nitrides in Hydrogen Environments

Amidst the growing importance of hydrogen in a sustainable future, it is crucial to develop coatings that can protect hydrogen-sensitive system components in reactive hydrogen environments. However, the prediction of the chemical stability of materials in hydrogen is not fully understood. In this study, we show that the work function is a key parameter determining the reducibility (i.e., de-nitridation) of transition metal nitrides (TMNs) in hydrogen radicals (H*) at elevated temperatures. We demonstrate that when the work function of a TMN system drops below a threshold limit, its reduction effectively stops. We propose that this is due to the preferential binding of H* to TM-atoms rather than N-atoms, which makes the formation of volatile species (NHx) unfavourable. This finding provides a novel perspective for comprehending the interaction of hydrogen with transition metal compounds and allows predicting the chemical stability of hydrogen-protective coatings.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗