Investigating planar Proca metamaterials in nonlinear (2+1)-Electrodynamics
The present work pursues the investigation of the physics of a planar electromagnetic system incorporating nonlinear effects, as well as de Broglie-Proca and Chern-Simons mass terms in vacuum, which can be tuned to describe new planar metamaterials (MTMs) potentially suitable for technological applications. As a result, we observe interesting effects generated by a spatially dispersive profile that emerges from non-linearity. This characterizes the three-dimensional QED vacuum as a nonlocal metamaterial. The constitutive relations are derived, and the dielectric function of the metamaterial (MTM) exhibits spatial dispersion due to the Chern-Simons mass. The dispersion relations are analyzed in terms of applied external electromagnetic fields and both the de Broglie-Proca and Chern-Simons mass parameters. We also notice that, in the special case in which only a background magnetic field is present, this field gives no contribution neither to the dielectric function nor to the spatial dispersion profile, as is the case when both the electric and magnetic fields are present.