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William A. Clarke

Publications and source records attributed to William A. Clarke.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

A Transport Theory of Turbulent Coronal Heating in General Geometry

Magnetic geometry shapes how turbulence transports and dissipates energy in strongly magnetized plasmas. The solar corona, a maze of open and closed flux tubes with sharp transverse gradients, is a prominent example, yet most wave-turbulence models of coronal heating assume symmetric flux tubes or add geometric effects in ad hoc ways. Here we develop a geometry-complete multiscale transport theory for reduced-magnetohydrodynamic turbulence in an arbitrary background field, retaining squashing (magnetic shear), transverse gradients, curvature, and gravity at the same order as standard expansion-driven reflection, and coupling fast, anisotropic fluctuations to slow background evolution through conservation laws. Applied to the corona, it recovers the standard reflection-driven turbulent cascade in smooth regions such as coronal-hole interiors, but predicts that in structured regions geometry-driven channels can dominate: squashing drives reflection even when parallel Alfvén-speed gradients are weak; curvature and non-radial geometry drive compressive heating channels; and waves catalyze the relaxation of velocity shear into heat. The same dynamics drive cross-field transport of mass, composition, momentum, and heat across open-closed interfaces, at rates rivaling the field-parallel supply from the base. These effects bias heating to low altitudes in structured regions, giving a physical basis for the coronal-hole--boundary corrections used in empirical wind-speed predictors. Additionally, the framework's slow-timescale transport equations could be evolved in time, providing a route to a global, geometry-aware model of a structured wave-driven corona and wind. More broadly, the theory provides an energy-consistent account of turbulence, geometry, and transport effects relevant to various astrophysical and terrestrial settings, from magnetospheres and accretion flows to fusion experiments.

astro-ph.SR↗

Rigorous justification of the Whitham modulation equations for equations of Whitham-type

We prove that the modulational instability criterion of the formal Whitham modulation theory agrees with the spectral stability of long wavelength perturbations of periodic travelling wave solutions to the generalized Whitham equation. We use the standard WKB procedure to derive a quasi-linear system of three Whitham modulation equations, written in terms of the mass, momentum, and wave number of a periodic travelling wave solution. We use the same quantities as parameters in a rigorous spectral perturbation of the linearized operator, which allows us to track the bifurcation of the zero eigenvalue as the Floquet parameter varies. We show that the hyperbolicity of the Whitham system is a necessary condition for the existence of purely imaginary eigenvalues in the linearized system, and hence also a prerequisite for modulational stability of the underlying wave. Since the generalized Whitham equation has a Hamiltonian structure, we conclude that strict hyperbolicity is a sufficient condition for modulational stability.

math.AP↗

A new Evans function for quasi-periodic solutions of the linearised sine-Gordon equation

We construct a new Evans function for quasi-periodic solutions to the linearisation of the sine-Gordon equation about a periodic travelling wave. This Evans function is written in terms of fundamental solutions to a Hill's equation. Applying Evans-Krein function theory to our Evans function, we provide a new method for computing the Krein signatures of simple characteristic values of the linearised sine-Gordon equation. By varying the Floquet exponent parametrising the quasi-periodic solutions, we compute the linearised spectra of periodic travelling wave solutions of the sine-Gordon equation and and track dynamical Hamiltonian-Hopf bifurcations via the Krein signature. Finally, we show that our new Evans function can be readily applied to the general case of the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation with a non-periodic potential.

math.AP↗