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William B. Johnson

Publications and source records attributed to William B. Johnson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Uniform Property (S)

We introduce and investigate a quantitative version of Steinhaus' property$(S)$ for Banach spaces, called the \emph{uniform property$(S)$}. A Banach space$X$ is said to have uniform$(S)$ if for every pair of distinct unit vectors $x,y\in X$ and every$a>0$, the difference of the perturbed norms $$ \sup_{\|z\|\le a}\big|\|x+z\|-\|y+z\|\big| $$ is bounded below by a positive function of$a$ and$\|x-y\|$. We compute this modulus exactly for the spaces $L_1(μ)$ with atomless measure$μ$, $$ U_{L_1(μ)}(d;a)=\Big(\tfrac{4a}{2+d}\wedge 1\Big)d. $$ The class of spaces with uniform$(S)$ is stable under ultrapowers, Bochner-$L_1$ constructions, and contains all Gurari\uı spaces as well as Banach lattices of almost universal disposition. In particular, every Banach space embeds isometrically into a non-strictly convex Banach space of the same density having uniform$(S)$. We further exhibit an explicit equivalent renorming of$\ell_1(Γ)$, $$ \|x\|_S=\big(\|x\|_1^2+\|x\|_2^2\big)^{1/2}, $$ which endows$\ell_1(Γ)$ and all its ultrapowers with uniform$(S)$. These results settle, inZFC, several open questions about the quantitative geometry of property$(S)$ posed by Kochanek and the second-named author.

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Approximate identities for Ideals in $L(L^p))$

The main result is that the only non trivial closed ideal in the Banach algebra $L(L^p)$ of bounded linear operators on $L^p(0,1)$, $1\le p < \infty$, that has a left approximate identity is the ideal of compact operators. The algebra $L(L^1)$ has at least one non trivial closed ideal that has a contractive right approximate identity as well as many, including the unique maximal ideal, that do not have a right approximate identity.

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The number of closed ideals in $L(L_p)$

We show that there are $2^{2^{\aleph_0}}$ different closed ideals in the Banach algebra $L(L_p(0,1))$, $1<p\not= 2<\infty$. This solves a problem in A. Pietsch's 1978 book "Operator Ideals". The proof is quite different from other methods of producing closed ideals in the space of bounded operators on a Banach space; in particular, the ideals are not contained in the strictly singular operators and yet do not contain projections onto subspaces that are non Hilbertian. We give a criterion for a space with an unconditional basis to have $2^{2^{\aleph_0}}$ closed ideals in terms of the existence of a single operator on the space with some special asymptotic properties. We then show that for $1<q<2$ the space ${\frak X}_q$ of Rosenthal, which is isomorphic to a complemented subspace of $L_q(0,1)$, admits such an operator.

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The SHAI property for the operators on L^p

A Banach space X has the SHAI (surjective homomorphisms are injective) property provided that for every Banach space Y, every continuous surjective algebra homomorphism from the bounded linear operators on X onto the bounded linear operators on Y is injective. The main result gives a sufficient condition for X to have the SHAI property. The condition is satisfied for L^p (0, 1) for 1 < p < \infty, spaces with symmetric bases that have finite cotype, and the Schatten p-spaces for 1 < p < \infty.

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Ideals in $L(L_1)$

The main result is that there are infinitely many; in fact, a continuum; of closed ideals in the Banach algebra $L(L_1)$ of bounded linear operators on $L_1(0,1)$. This answers a question from A. Pietsch's 1978 book "Operator Ideals". The proof also shows that $L(C[0,1])$ contains a continuum of closed ideals. Finally, a duality argument yields that $L(\ell_\infty)$ has a continuum of closed ideals.

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Embedding Banach spaces into the space of bounded functions with countable support

We prove that a WLD subspace of the space $\ell_\infty^c(Γ)$ consisting of all bounded, countably supported functions on a set $Γ$ embeds isomorphically into $\ell_\infty$ if and only if it does not contain isometric copies of $c_0(ω_1)$. Moreover, a subspace of $\ell_\infty^c(ω_1)$ is constructed that has an unconditional basis, does not embed into $\ell_\infty$, and whose every weakly compact subset is separable (in particular, it cannot contain any isomorphic copies of $c_0(ω_1)$).

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Impulsive Noise Immunity of Multidimensional Pulse Position Modulation

We describe block oriented multidimensional pulse position modulation and its resilience against impulsive noise. The modulation implements the encoder and part of the decoder of the BBC algorithm. We tested the modulation on circuits that send and detect a pulse based signal in the presence of impulsive noise. We measured the packet error rate vs. signal to noise ratio and we compared it with published error rates for OFDM. We found an error rate of 2 x 10^(-5) at a signal to noise ratio of 16 dB without forward error correction and a data rate of 64 kbit /sec.

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Closed ideals of operators on and complemented subspaces of Banach spaces of functions with countable support

Let $λ$ be an infinite cardinal number and let $\ell_\infty^c(λ)$ denote the subspace of $\ell_\infty(λ)$ consisting of all functions that assume at most countably many non-zero values. We classify all infinite dimensional complemented subspaces of $\ell_\infty^c(λ)$, proving that they are isomorphic to $\ell_\infty^c(κ)$ for some cardinal number $κ$. Then we show that the Banach algebra of all bounded linear operators on $\ell_\infty^c(λ)$ or $\ell_\infty(λ)$ has the unique maximal ideal consisting of operators through which the identity operator does not factor. Using similar techniques, we obtain an alternative to Daws' approach description of the lattice of all closed ideals of $\mathscr{B}(X)$, where $X = c_0(λ)$ or $X=\ell_p(λ)$ for some $p\in [1,\infty)$, and we classify the closed ideals of $\mathscr{B}(\ell_\infty^c(λ))$ that contains the ideal of weakly compact operators.

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The cluster value problem for Banach spaces

The main result is that the cluster value problem in separable Banach spaces, for the Banach algebras $A_u$ and $H^{\infty}$, can be reduced to the cluster value problem in those spaces which are $\ell_1$ sums of a sequence of finite dimensional spaces.

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Subspaces of $L_p$ that embed into $L_p(μ)$ with $μ$ finite

Enflo and Rosenthal proved that $\ell_p(\aleph_1)$, $1 < p < 2$, does not (isomorphically) embed into $L_p(μ)$ with $μ$ a finite measure. We prove that if $X$ is a subspace of an $L_p$ space, $1< p < 2$, and $\ell_p(\aleph_1)$ does not embed into $X$, then $X$ embeds into $L_p(μ)$ for some finite measure $μ$.

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Commutators on $L_p$, $1\le p<\infty$

The operators on $\LP=L_p[0,1]$, $1\leq p<\infty$, which are not commutators are those of the form $λI + S$ where $λ\neq 0$ and $S$ belongs to the largest ideal in $\opLP$. The proof involves new structural results for operators on $\LP$ which are of independent interest.

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Commutators on $\ell_{\infty}$

The operators on $\ell_{\infty}$ which are commutators are those not of the form $λI + S$ with $λ\neq 0$ and $S$ strictly singular.

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The Johnson-Lindenstrauss lemma almost characterizes Hilbert space, but not quite

Let $X$ be a normed space that satisfies the Johnson-Lindenstrauss lemma (J-L lemma, in short) in the sense that for any integer $n$ and any $x_1,\ldots,x_n\in X$ there exists a linear mapping $L:X\to F$, where $F\subseteq X$ is a linear subspace of dimension $O(\log n)$, such that $\|x_i-x_j\|\le\|L(x_i)-L(x_j)\|\le O(1)\cdot\|x_i-x_j\|$ for all $i,j\in \{1,\ldots, n\}$. We show that this implies that $X$ is almost Euclidean in the following sense: Every $n$-dimensional subspace of $X$ embeds into Hilbert space with distortion $2^{2^{O(\log^*n)}}$. On the other hand, we show that there exists a normed space $Y$ which satisfies the J-L lemma, but for every $n$ there exists an $n$-dimensional subspace $E_n\subseteq Y$ whose Euclidean distortion is at least $2^{Ω(α(n))}$, where $α$ is the inverse Ackermann function.

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