arXiv subjects

X. Cai

Publications and source records attributed to X. Cai.

At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources

arXiv2002

Hawking Radiation of Dirac Particles in an Arbitrarily Accelerating Kinnersley Black Hole

Quantum thermal effect of Dirac particles in an arbitrarily accelerating Kinnersley black hole is investigated by using the method of generalized tortoise coordinate transformation. Both the location and the temperature of the event horizon depend on the advanced time and the angles. The Hawking thermal radiation spectrum of Dirac particles contains a new term which represents the interaction between particles with spin and black holes with acceleration. This spin-acceleration coupling effect is absent from the thermal radiation spectrum of scalar particles.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2001

Quantum Thermal Effect of Dirac Particles in a Non-uniformly Rectilinearly Accelerating Black Hole with Electronic Charge, Magnetic Charge and Cosmological Constant

The Hawking radiation of Dirac particles in an arbitrarily rectilinearly accelerating Kinnersley black hole with electro-magnetic charge and cosmological constant is investigated by using method of the generalized tortoise coordinate transformation. Both the location and the temperature of the event horizon depend on the time and the polar angle. The Hawking thermal radiation spectrum of Dirac particles is also derived. PACS numbers: 04.70.Dy, 97.60.Lf

gr-qc↗

arXiv2001

Hawking Radiation of Photons in a Vaidya-de Sitter Black Hole

Hawking evaporation of photons in a Vaidya-de Sitter black hole is investigated by using the method of generalized tortoise coordinate transformation. Both the location and the temperature of the event horizon depend on the time. It is shown that Hawking radiation of photons exists only for the complex Maxwell scalar $ϕ_0$ in the advanced Eddington-Finkelstein coordinate system. This asymmetry of Hawking radiation for different components of Maxwell fields probably arises from the asymmetry of spacetime in the advanced Eddington-Finkelstein coordinate system. It is shown that the black body radiant spectrum of photons resembles that of Klein-Gordon particles. PACS numbers: 04.70.Dy, 97.60.Lf

gr-qc↗

arXiv2001

Hawking Radiation of a Non-stationary Kerr-Newman Black Hole: Spin-Rotation Coupling Effect

Hawking evaporation of Klein-Gordon and Dirac particles in a non-stationary Kerr-Newman space-time is investigated by using a method of generalized tortoise coordinate transformation. The location and the temperature of the event horizon of a non-stationary Kerr-Newman black hole are derived. It is shown that the temperature and the shape of the event horizon depend not only on the time but also on the angle. However, the Fermionic spectrum of Dirac particles displays a new spin-rotation coupling effect which is absent from that of Bosonic distribution of scalar particles. The character of this effect is its obvious dependence on different helicity states of particles spin-1/2. PACS numbers: 04.70.Dy, 97.60.Lf

gr-qc↗

arXiv2001

Addendum: Hawking Radiation of Photons in a Variable-mass Kerr Black Hole

Hawking evaporation of photons in a variable-mass Kerr space-time is investigated by using a method of the generalized tortoise coordinate transformation. The blackbody radiant spectrum of photons displays a new spin-rotation coupling effect obviously dependent on different helicity states of photons.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2001

No New Quantum Thermal Effect of Dirac Particles in a Charged Vaidya - de Sitter Black Hole

It is shown that Hawking radiation of Dirac particles does not exist for $P_1, Q_2$ components but for $P_2, Q_1$ components in a charged Vaidya - de Sitter black hole. Both the location and the temperature of the event horizon change with time. The thermal radiation spectrum of Dirac particles is the same as that of Klein-Gordon particles. Our result demonstrates that there is no new quantum effect in the thermal radiation of Dirac particles in any spherically symmetry black holes.

hep-th↗

arXiv2001

Non-existence of New Quantum Ergosphere Effect of a Vaidya-type Black Hole

Hawking evaporation of Dirac particles and scalar fields in a Vaidya-type black hole is investigated by the method of generalized tortoise coordinate transformation. It is shown that Hawking radiation of Dirac particles does not exist for $P_1, Q_2$ components but for $P_2, Q_1$ components in any Vaidya-type black holes. Both the location and the temperature of the event horizon change with time. The thermal radiation spectrum of Dirac particles is the same as that of Klein-Gordon particles. We demonstrates that there is no new quantum ergosphere effect in the thermal radiation of Dirac particles in any spherically symmetry black holes.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2001

Massive Complex Scalar Field in a Kerr-Sen Black Hole Background: Exact Solution of Wave Equation and Hawking Radiation

The separated radial part of a massive complex scalar wave equation in the Kerr-Sen geometry is shown to satisfy the generalized spheroidal wave equation which is, in fact, a confluent Heun equation up to a multiplier. The Hawking evaporation of scalar particles in the Kerr-Sen black hole background is investigated by the Damour-Ruffini-Sannan's method. It is shown that quantum thermal effect of the Kerr-Sen black hole has the same characteras that of the Kerr-Newman black hole.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2001

Understanding $K/π$ ratio distribution in the mixed events

The event mixing method is analyzed for the study of the event-by-event $K/π$ ratio distribution. It is shown that there exists some correlation between the kaon and pion multiplicities in the mixed events. The $K/π$ ratio distributions in the mixed events for different sets of real events are shown. The dependence of the distributions on the mean $K/π$ ratio, mean and variance of multiplicity distribution in the real events is investigated systematically. The effect of imperfect particle identification on the $K/π$ ratio distribution in the mixed event is also considered.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2001

Influence of statistical fluctuations on $K/π$ ratios in relativistic heavy ion collisions

The influence of pure statistical fluctuations on $K/π$ ratio is investigated in an event-by-event way. Poisson and the modified negative binomial distributions are used as the multiplicity distributions since they both have statistical background. It is shown that the distributions of the ratio in these cases are Gaussian, and the mean and relative variance are given analytically.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2001

Extra Spin-Rotation Coupling Effect in a Radiating Kerr Space-time

Source-less wave equations are derived for massless scalar, neutrino and electromagnetic perturbations of a radiating Kerr space-time, and the Hawking radiation of massless particles with spin $s =0, 1/2$ and 1 in this geometry is investigated by using a method of the generalized tortoise coordinate transformation. An extra interaction between the spin of particles and the rotation of the hole displays in the thermal spectra of Hawking radiation of massless particles with spin $s = 1/2, 1$ in the evaporating Kerr space-time. The character of such effect is its obvious dependence on different helicity states of particles with higher spin.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2001

Asymmetry of Hawking Radiation of Dirac Particles in a Charged Vaidya - de Sitter Black Hole

The Hawking radiation of Dirac particles in a charged Vaidya - de Sitter black hole is investigated by using the method of generalized tortoise coordinate transformation. It is shown that the Hawking radiation of Dirac particles does not exist for $P_1, Q_2$ components, but for $P_2, Q_1$ components it does. Both the location and the temperature of the event horizon change with time. The thermal radiation spectrum of Dirac particles is the same as that of Klein-Gordon particles.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2001

Hawking Radiation of Dirac Particles in a Variable-mass Kerr Space-time

Hawking effect of Dirac particles in a variable-mass Kerr space-time is investigated by using a method called as the generalized tortoise coordinate transformation. The location and the temperature of the event horizon of the non-stationary Kerr black hole are derived. It is shown that the temperature and the shape of the event horizon depend not only on the time but also on the angle. However, the Fermi-Dirac spectrum displays a residual term which is absent from that of Bose-Einstein distribution.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2000

Four Quantum Conservation Laws for Black Hole Stationary Equilibrium Radiation Processes

The classical first law of thermodynamics for a Kerr-Newman black hole (KNBH) is generalized to a law in quantum form on the event horizon. Then four quantum conservation laws on the KNBH equilibrium radiation process are derived. The Bekenstein-Hawking relation ${\cal{S}}={\cal{A}}/4$ is exactly established. It can be inferred that the classical entropy of black hole arises from the quantum entropy of field quanta or quasi-particles inside the hole.

hep-th↗

arXiv2000

Exact equqations and scaling relations for f-avalanche in the Bak-Sneppen evolution model

Infinite hierarchy of exact equations are derived for the newly-observed f-avalanche in the Bak-Sneppen evolution model. By solving the first order exact equation, we found that the critical exponent which governs the divergence of the average avalanche size, is exactly 1 (for all dimensions), confirmed by the simulations. Solution of the gap equation yields another universal exponent, denoting the the relaxation to the attractor, is exactly 1. We also establish some scaling relations among the critical exponents of the new avalanche.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2000

Different hierarchy of avalanches observed in the Bak-Sneppen evolution model

We introduce a new quantity, average fitness, into the Bak-Sneppen evolution model. Through the new quantity, a different hierarchy of avalanches is observed. The gap equation, in terms of the average fitness, is presented to describe the self-organization of the model. It is found that the critical value of the average fitness can be exactly obtained. Based on the simulations, two critical exponents, avalanche distribution and avalanche dimension, of the new avalanches are given.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2000

Generalized Laws of Black Hole Thermodynamics and Quantum Conservation Laws on Hawking Radiation Process

Four classical laws of black hole thermodynamics are extended from exterior (event) horizon to interior (Cauchy) horizon. Especially, the first law of classical thermodynamics for Kerr-Newman black hole (KNBH) is generalized to those in quantum form. Then five quantum conservation laws on the KNBH evaporation effect are derived in virtue of thermodynamical equilibrium conditions. As a by-product, Bekenstein-Hawking's relation $ S=A/4 $ is exactly recovered.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2000

Spatial-temporal correlations in the process to self-organized criticality

A new type of spatial-temporal correlation in the process approaching to the self-organized criticality is investigated for the two simple models for biological evolution. The change behaviors of the position with minimum barrier are shown to be quantitatively different in the two models. Different results of the correlation are given for the two models. We argue that the correlation can be used, together with the power-law distributions, as criteria for self-organized criticality.

physics.bio-ph↗