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Xian Liao

Publications and source records attributed to Xian Liao.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2025

Global well-posedness of the NLS hierarchy with nonzero boundary condition

We consider the NLS hierarchy with the nonzero boundary condition $q(t, x) \rightarrow q_\pm \in \mathbb{S}^1$ as $x \rightarrow \pm \infty$ and prove that it is global well-posedness for initial data of high regularity. Specifically, we prove well-posedness of the problem for the perturbation $p = q - q_\ast$ from a time-independent front $q_\ast$ connecting $q_-$ to $q_+$. The equations in the NLS hierarchy are defined using a recurrence relation derived from the expansion of the logarithmic derivative of the Jost solutions associated to the Lax operator. Using this recurrence relation, we are able to determine explicit formulas for all terms in the NLS hierarchy with at most one factor that is $q_x$, $\bar{q}_x$, or a derivative thereof. We then view the equation for $p$ as part of a large class of dispersive nonlinear systems, for which we develop a local well-posedness theory in weighted Sobolev spaces. This involves certain local smoothing and maximal function estimates, which we establish for a large class of dispersion relations with finitely many critical points. Finally, we globalize the solutions using the conserved energies constructed in [1, 2]. [1] H. Koch and X. Liao. "Conserved energies for the one dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation". In: Adv. Math. 377, 107467 (2021). [2] H. Koch and X. Liao. "Conserved energies for the one dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation: low regularity case". In: Adv. Math. 420, 108996 (2023).

math.AP↗
arXiv2024

Global-in-time well-posedness for the two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with freely transported viscosity coefficient

We establish the global-in-time well-posedness of the two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with freely transported viscosity coefficient, under a scaling-invariant smallness condition on the initial data. The viscosity coefficient is allowed to exhibit large jumps across $W^{2,2+ε}$-interfaces. The viscous stress tensor $μSu$ is carefully analyzed. Specifically, $(R^\perp\otimes R):(μSu)$, where $R$ denotes the Riesz operator, defines a ``good unknown'' that satisfies time-weighted $H^1$-energy estimates. Combined with tangential regularity, this leads to the $W^{1,2+ε}$-regularity of another ``good unknown'', $(\barτ\otimes n):(μSu)$, where $\barτ$ and $n$ denote the unit tangential and normal vectors of the interfaces, respectively. These results collectively provide a Lipschitz estimate for the velocity field, even in the presence of significant discontinuities in $μ$. As applications, we investigate the well-posedness of the Boussinesq equations without heat conduction and the density-dependent incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in two spatial dimensions.

math.AP↗
arXiv2024

Global-in-time well-posedness of the compressible Navier-Stokes equations with striated density

We first show local-in-time well-posedness of the compressible Navier-Stokes equations, assuming striated regularity while no other smoothness or smallness conditions on the initial density. With these local-in-time solutions served as blocks, for \textit{less} regular initial data where the vacuum is permitted, the global-in-time well-posedness follows from the energy estimates and the propagated striated regularity of the density function, if the bulk viscosity coefficient is large enough in the two dimensional case. The global-in-time well-posedness holds also true in the three dimensional case, provided with large bulk viscosity coefficient together with small initial energy. This solves the density-patch problem in the exterior domain for the compressible model with $W^{2,p}$-Interfaces. Finally, the singular incompressible limit toward the inhomogenous incompressible model when the bulk viscosity coefficient tends to infinity is obtained.

math.AP↗
arXiv2023

Eigenvalue analysis of the Lax operator for the one-dimensional cubic nonlinear defocusing Schrödinger equation

We characterize the location and number of eigenvalues for the Lax operator associated to the one-dimensional cubic nonlinear defocusing Schrödinger equation. With the help of a newly discovered unitary matrix, the analysis reduces to the study of the spectral problem for a unitarily equivalent operator, which involves only the amplitude and the phase velocity of the potential. Examples of potentials with special amplitude and phase velocity are investigated.

math.AP↗
arXiv2022

Solvability of the two-dimensional stationary incompressible inhomogeneous Navier-Stokes equations with variable viscosity coefficient

We show the existence and the regularity properties of the weak solutions to the two-dimensional stationary incompressible inhomogeneous Navier-Stokes equations with variable viscosity coefficient, by analyzing a fourth-order nonlinear elliptic equation for the stream function. The density function and the viscosity coefficient may have large variations. In addition, we formulate the solutions for the parallel, concentric and radial flows respectively, and as examples we calculate the solutions with piecewise-constant viscosity coefficients explicitly.

math.AP↗
arXiv2022

Conserved energies for the one dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation: low regularity case

We construct a family of conserved energies for the one dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation, but in the low regularity case (in \cite{KL} we have constructed conserved energies in the high regularity situation). This can be done thanks to regularization procedures and a study of the topological structure of the finite-energy space. The asymptotic (regularised conserved) phase change on the real line with values in $ \R/2π\Z$ is studied. We also construct a conserved quantity, the renormalized momentum $H_1$ (see Theorem \ref{thm:E1}), on the universal covering space of the finite-energy space.

math.AP↗
arXiv2021

On variable viscosity and enhanced dissipation

In this article we consider the 2D Navier-Stokes equations with variable viscosity depending on the vertical position. As our main result we establish linear enhanced dissipation near the non-affine stationary states replacing Couette flow. Moreover it turns out that the shear flow overcompensates for weakening viscosity: decreasing viscosity leads to stronger enhanced dissipation and increasing viscosity leads to weaker dissipation than in the constant viscosity case.

math.AP↗
arXiv2021

Scattering of the three-dimensional cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with partial harmonic potentials

In this paper, we consider the following three dimensional defocusing cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS) with partial harmonic potential \begin{equation*}\tag{NLS} i\partial_t u + \left(Δ_{\mathbb{R}^3 }-x^2 \right) u = |u|^2 u, \quad u|_{t=0} = u_0. \end{equation*} Our main result shows that the solution $u$ scatters for any given initial data $u_0$ with finite mass and energy. The main new ingredient in our approach is to approximate (NLS) in the large-scale case by a relevant dispersive continuous resonant (DCR) system. The proof of global well-posedness and scattering of the new (DCR) system is greatly inspired by the fundamental works of Dodson \cite{D3,D1,D2} in his study of scattering for the mass-critical nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The analysis of (DCR) system allows us to utilize the additional regularity of the smooth nonlinear profile so that the celebrated concentration-compactness/rigidity argument of Kenig and Merle applies.

math.AP↗
arXiv2020

Tuning the electronic properties of hydrogen passivated C3N nanoribbons through van der Waals stacking

The two-dimensional (2D) C3N has emerged as a material with promising applications in high performance device owing to its intrinsic bandgap and tunable electronic properties. Although there are several reports about the bandgap tuning of C3N via stacking or forming nanoribbon, bandgap modulation of bilayer C3N nanoribbons (C3NNRs) with various edge structures is still far from well understood. Here, based on extensive first-principles calculations, we demonstrated the effective bandgap engineering of C3N by cutting it into hydrogen passivated C3NNRs and stacking them into bilayer heterostructures. It was found that armchair (AC) C3NNRs with three types of edge structures are all semiconductors, while only zigzag (ZZ) C3NNRs with edges composed of both C and N atoms (ZZ-CN/CN) are semiconductors. The bandgaps of all semiconducting C3NNRs are larger than that of C3N nanosheet. More interestingly, AC-C3NNRs with CN/CN edges (AC-CN/CN) possess direct bandgap while ZZ-CN/CN have indirect bandgap. Compared with the monolayer C3NNR, the bandgaps of bilayer C3NNRs can be greatly modulated via different stacking orders and edge structures, varying from 0.43 eV for ZZ-CN/CN with AB'-stacking to 0.04 eV for AC-CN/CN with AA-stacking. Particularly, transition from direct to indirect bandgap was observed in the bilayer AC-CN/CN heterostructure with AA'-stacking, and the indirect-to-direct transition was found in the bilayer ZZ-CN/CN with AB-stacking. This work provides insights into the effective bandgap engineering of C3N and offers a new opportunity for its applications in nano-electronics and optoelectronic devices.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗
arXiv2019

Conserved energies for the one dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation

We prove the global-in-time well-posedness of the one dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation in the energy space, which is a complete metric space equipped with a newly introduced metric and with the energy norm describing the $H^s$ regularities of the solutions. We establish a family of conserved energies for the one dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation, such that the energy norms of the solutions are conserved globally in time. This family of energies is also conserved by the complex modified Korteweg-de Vries flow.

math.AP↗
arXiv2019

Nonlinear estimates for traveling wave solutions of reaction diffusion equations

In this paper we will establish nonlinear a priori lower and upper bounds for the solutions to a large class of equations which arise from the study of traveling wave solutions of reaction-diffusion equations, and we will apply our nonlinear bounds to the Lotka-Volterra system of two competing species as examples. The idea used in a series of papers \cite{NBMP-Discrete,JDE-16,CPAA-16,DCDS-B-18,NBMP-n-species,DCDS-A-17} for the establishment of the linear N-barrier maximum principle will also be used in the proof.

math.AP↗
arXiv2015

On the global regularity of 2-D density patch for inhomogeneous incompressible viscous flow

Toward P.-L. Lions' open question in \cite{Lions96} concerning the propagation of regularity for density patch, we establish the global existence of solutions to the 2-D inhomogeneous incompressible Navier-Stokes system with initial density given by $(1-η){\bf 1}_{\Om_0}+{\bf 1}_{\Om_0^c}$ for some small enough constant $η$ and some $W^{k+2,p}$ domain $\Om_0,$ and with initial vorticity belonging to $L^1\cap L^p$ and with appropriate tangential regularities. Furthermore, we prove that the regularity of the domain $\Om_0$ is preserved by time evolution.

math.AP↗
arXiv2014

A global existence result for a zero Mach number system

This paper is to study global-in-time existence of weak solutions to zero Mach number system which derives from the full Navier-Stokes system, under a special relationship between the viscosity coefficient and the heat conductivity coefficient such that, roughly speaking, the source term in the equation for the newly introduced divergence-free velocity vector field vanishes. In dimension two, thanks to a local-in-time existence result of a unique strong solution in critical Besov spaces given in \cite{Danchin-Liao}, for arbitrary large initial data, we will show that this unique strong solution exists globally in time, by a weak-strong uniqueness argument.

math.AP↗
arXiv2014

The well-posedness issue in endpoint spaces for an inviscid low-Mach number limit system

The present paper is devoted to the well-posedness issue for a low-Mach number limit system with heat conduction but no viscosity. We will work in the framework of general Besov spaces $B^s_{p,r}(\R^d)$, $d\geq 2$, which can be embedded into the class of Lipschitz functions. Firstly, we consider the case of $p\in[2,4]$, with no further restrictions on the initial data. Then we tackle the case of any $p\in\,]1,\infty]$, but requiring also a finite energy assumption. The extreme value $p=\infty$ can be treated due to a new a priori estimate for parabolic equations. At last we also briefly consider the case of any $p\in ]1,\infty[$ but with smallness condition on initial inhomogeneity. A continuation criterion and a lower bound for the lifespan of the solution are proved as well. In particular in dimension 2, the lower bound goes to infinity as the initial density tends to a constant.

math.AP↗
arXiv2014

The well-posedness issue for an inviscid zero-Mach number system in general Besov spaces

The present paper is devoted to the study of a zero-Mach number system with heat conduction but no viscosity. We work in the framework of general non-homogeneous Besov spaces $B^s_{p,r}(\mathbb{R}^d)$, with $p\in[2,4]$ and for any $d\geq 2$, which can be embedded into the class of globally Lipschitz functions. We prove a local in time well-posedness result in these classes for general initial densities and velocity fields. Moreover, we are able to show a continuation criterion and a lower bound for the lifespan of the solutions. The proof of the results relies on Littlewood-Paley decomposition and paradifferential calculus, and on refined commutator estimates in Chemin-Lerner spaces.

math.AP↗
arXiv2014

Analysis of an inviscid zero-Mach number system in endpoint Besov spaces with finite-energy initial data

The present paper is the continuation of work [14], devoted to the study of an inviscid zero-Mach number system in the framework of \emph{endpoint} Besov spaces of type $B^s_{\infty,r}(\mathbb{R}^d)$, $r\in [1,\infty]$, $d\geq 2$, which can be embedded in the Lipschitz class $C^{0,1}$. In particular, the largest case $B^1_{\infty,1}$ and the case of Hölder spaces $C^{1,α}$ are permitted. The local in time well-posedness result is proved, under an additional $L^2$ hypothesis on the initial inhomogeneity and velocity field. A new a priori estimate for parabolic equations in endpoint spaces $B^s_{\infty,r}$ is presented, which is the key to the proof. In dimension two, we are able to give a lower bound for the lifespan, such that the solutions tend to be globally defined when the initial inhomogeneity is small. There we will show a refined a priori estimate in endpoint Besov spaces for transport equations with \emph{non solenoidal} transport velocity field.

math.AP↗