Searcharxiv⌕ Search

arXiv subjects

Xiangdong Ji

Publications and source records attributed to Xiangdong Ji.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
arXiv2012

Transverse Polarization of the Nucleon in Parton Picture

The proton's transverse polarization structure is examined in terms of the Lorentz-covariant Pauli-Lubanski vector in QCD. We find that there are contributions from leading, subleading, and next-to-subleading partonic contributions in the light-front system of coordinates. The subleading and next-to-subleading contributions are related to the leading one through Lorentz symmetry. And the leading contribution obeys a simple partonic angular momentum sum rule that gives a clear physical interpretation to a relation known previously.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2012

Gluon Spin, Canonical Momentum, and Gauge Symmetry

It is well known that in gauge theories, the spin (and orbital angular momentum) of gauge particles is not gauge invariant, although the helicity is; neither are the canonical momentum and canonical angular momentum of charged particles. However, the simple appeal of these concepts has motivated repeated attempts to resurrect them as physical descriptions of gauge systems. In particular, measurability of the gluon-spin-contribution to the proton helicity in polarized proton scattering has generated many theoretical efforts in generalizing it and others as gauge-invariant quantities. In this work, we analyze the constraints of gauge symmetry, the significance of gluon spin in the light-cone gauge, and what is possible and natural in QCD parton physics, emphasizing experimental observability and physical interpretation in the structure of bound states. We also comment on the measurability of the orbital angular momentum of the Laguerre-Gaussian laser modes in optics.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2012

Probing Parton Orbital Angular Momentum in Longitudinally Polarized Nucleon

While the total orbital angular momentum (OAM) of a definite quark flavor in a longitudinally-polarized nucleon can be obtained through a sum rule involving twist-two generalized parton distribution (GPDs), its distribution as a function of parton momentum in light-front coordinates is more complicated to define and measure because it involves intrinsically twist-three effects. In this paper, we consider two different parton OAM distributions. The first is manifestly gauge invariant, and its moments are local operators and calculable in lattice QCD. We show that it can potentially be measured through twist-three GPDs. The second is the much-debated canonical OAM distribution natural in free-field theory and light-cone gauge. We show the latter in light-cone gauge can also be related to twist-three GPDs as well as quantum phase-space Wigner distributions, both being measurable in high-energy experiments.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2012

The Cryogenic System for the Panda-X Dark Matter Search Experiment

Panda-X is a liquid xenon dual-phase detector for the Dark Matter Search. The first modestly-sized module will soon be installed in the China JinPing Deep Underground Laboratory in Sichuan province, P.R. China. The cryogenics system is designed to handle much larger detectors, even the final version in the ton scale. Special attention has been paid to the reliability, serviceability, and adaptability to the requirements of a growing experiment. The system is cooled by a single Iwatani PC150 Pulse Tube Refrigerator. After subtracting all thermal losses, the remaining cooling power is still 82W. The fill speed was 9 SLPM, but could be boosted by LN2 assisted cooling to 40 SLPM. For the continuous recirculation and purification through a hot getter, a heat exchanger was employed to reduce the required cooling power. The recirculation speed is limited to 35 SLPM by the gas pump. At this speed, recirculation only adds 18.5 W to the heat load of the system, corresponding to a 95.2 % efficiency of the heat exchanger.

astro-ph.IM↗
arXiv2012

Light dark matter and $Z'$ dark force at colliders

Light Dark Matter, $<10$ GeV, with sizable direct detection rate is an interesting and less explored scenario. Collider searches can be very powerful, such as through the channel in which a pair of dark matter particle are produced in association with a jet. It is a generic possibility that the mediator of the interaction between DM and the nucleus will also be accessible at the Tevatron and the LHC. Therefore, collider search of the mediator can provide a more comprehensive probe of the dark matter and its interactions. In this article, to demonstrate the complementarity of these two approaches, we focus on the possibility of the mediator being a new $U(1)'$ gauge boson, which is probably the simplest model which allows a large direct detection cross section for a light dark matter candidate. We combine searches in the monojet+MET channel and dijet resonance search for the mediator. We find that for the mass of $Z'$ between 250 GeV and 4 TeV, resonance searches at the colliders provide stronger constraints on this model than the monojet+MET searches.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2011

Effective Angular Momentum Operators in NRQED and Matching at One-Loop Order

We derive the effective angular momentum operator to $1/m^2$ and one-loop order in non-relativistic quantum electrodynamics (NRQED). In both dimensional and three-momentum-cutoff regularization schemes, we obtain the non-relativistic expansion for the spin and orbital angular momentum operators of the electron and photon, respectively. Our result is useful in precision calculations of the angular momentum properties for non-relativistic QED bound states, such as atom systems.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2010

P-odd and CP-odd Four-Quark Contributions to Neutron EDM

In a class of beyond-standard-model theories, CP-odd observables, such as the neutron electric dipole moment, receive significant contributions from flavor-neutral P-odd and CP-odd four-quark operators. However, considerable uncertainties exist in the hadronic matrix elements of these operators strongly affecting the experimental constraints on CP-violating parameters in the theories. Here we study their hadronic matrix elements in combined chiral perturbation theory and nucleon models. We first classify the operators in chiral representations and present the leading-order QCD evolutions. We then match the four-quark operators to the corresponding ones in chiral hadronic theory, finding symmetry relations among the matrix elements. Although this makes lattice QCD calculations feasible, we choose to estimate the non-perturbative matching coefficients in simple quark models. We finally compare the results for the neutron electric dipole moment and P-odd and CP-odd pion-nucleon couplings with the previous studies using naive factorization and QCD sum rules. Our study shall provide valuable insights on the present hadronic physics uncertainties in these observables.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2009

Neutron Electric Dipole Moment Constraint on Scale of Minimal Left-Right Symmetric Model

Using an effective theory approach, we calculate the neutron electric dipole moment (nEDM) in the minimal left-right symmetric model with both explicit and spontaneous CP violations. We integrate out heavy particles to obtain flavor-neutral CP-violating effective Lagrangian. We run the Wilson coefficients from the electroweak scale to the hadronic scale using one-loop renormalization group equations. Using the state-of-the-art hadronic matrix elements, we obtain the nEDM as a function of right-handed W-boson mass and CP-violating parameters. We use the current limit on nEDM combined with the kaon-decay parameter $ε$ to provide the most stringent constraint yet on the left-right symmetric scale $ M_{W_R} > (10 \pm 3) $ TeV.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2009

Angular Momentum in Non-Relativistic QED and Photon Contribution to Spin of Hydrogen Atom

We study angular momentum in non-relativistic quantum electrodynamics (NRQED). We construct the effective total angular momentum operator by applying Noether's theorem to the NRQED lagrangian. We calculate the NRQED matching for the individual components of the QED angular momentum up to one loop. We illustrate an application of our results by the first calculation of the angular momentum of the ground state hydrogen atom carried in radiative photons, $α_{\rm em}^3/18π$, which might be measurable in future atomic experiments.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2009

Curvature and Entropy Perturbations in Generalized Gravity

We investigate the cosmological perturbations in generalized gravity, where the Ricci scalar and a scalar field are non-minimally coupled via an arbitrary function. In the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker background, by studying the linear perturbation theory, we separate the scalar type perturbations into the curvature perturbation and the entropy perturbation, whose evolution equations are derived. Then we apply this framework to inflation. We consider the generalized slow-roll conditions and the quantization initial condition. Under these conditions, two special examples are studied analytically. One example is the case with no entropy perturbation. The other example is a model with the entropy perturbation large initially but decaying significantly after crossing the horizon.

hep-th↗
arXiv2008

Comment on "Spin and Orbital Angular Momentum in Gauge Theories" by X. S. Chen et. al. (PRL100, 232002 (2008))

The individual parts of the total angular momentum operator in interacting theories cannot satisfy the canonical angular momentum commutation rule, including those proposed in the above paper. Furthermore, the operators in the new proposal a) are non-local in general gauge, b) do not have proper Lorentz transformation properties, and c) do not have any known physical measurements.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2008

Chiral Logarithms in $ΔS=1$ Kaon Decay Amplitudes in General Effective Flavor Theories

We study the chiral logarithms in $ΔS=1$ kaon decay amplitudes from new flavor physics in beyond-standard-model theories. We systematically classify the chiral structures of dimension-5, 6 and 7 effective QCD operators constructed out of light-quark (up, down and strange) and gluon fields. Using the standard chiral perturbation theory, we calculate the leading chiral-logarithms associated with these operators. The result is useful for lattice calculations of the QCD matrix elements in $K\to ππ$ decay necessary, for example, to understand the physical origin of the direct CP violation parameter $ε'$. As a concrete example, we consider the new operators present in minimal left-right symmetric models.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2008

Direct CP Violation in K-decay and Minimal Left-Right Symmetry Scale

We calculate the new contribution to the direct CP-violation parameter $ε'$ in $K\to ππ$ decay in the minimal left-right symmetric model with the recently-obtained right-handed quark Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa mixing. We pay particular attention to the uncertainty in the hadronic matrix element of a leading four-quark operator $O^{LR}_-$. We find that it can be related to the standard model electromagnetic penguin operator $O_8$ through $SU(3)_L \times SU(3)_R$ chiral symmetry. Using the lattice and large $N_c$ calculations, we obtain a robust constraint on the minimal left-right symmetric scale $M_{W_R}>5$ TeV from the experimental data on $ε'$.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2008

A Model With Dynamical R-parity Breaking and Unstable Gravitino Dark Matter

An unstable gravitino with lifetime longer than $10^{26}$ sec or so has been proposed as a possible dark matter candidate in supergravity models with R-parity breaking. We find a natural realization of this idea in the minimal supersymmetric left-right models where left-right symmetry breaking scale in the few TeV range. It is known that in these models, R-parity must break in order to have parity breaking as required by low energy weak interactions. The sub-eV neutrino masses imply that R-parity breaking effects in this model must be highly suppressed. This in turn makes the gravitino LSP long lived enough, so that it becomes the dark matter of the Universe. It also allows detectable displaced vertices at the LHC from NLSP decays. We present a detailed analysis of the model and some aspects of its rich phenomenology.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2008

Light Higgs Mass Bound in SUSY Left-Right Models

We show that in supersymmetric left-right models (SUSYLR), the upper bound on the lightest neutral Higgs mass can be appreciably higher than that in minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM). The exact magnitude of the bound depends on the scale of parity restoration and can be 10-20 GeV above the MSSM bound if mass of the right-handed gauge boson $W_R$ is in the TeV range. An important implication of our result is that since SUSYLR models provide a simple realization of seesaw mechanism for neutrino masses, measurement of the Higgs boson mass could provide an independent probe of a low seesaw scale.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2008

Constraining Right-Handed Scale Through Kaon Mixing in SUSY Left-Right Model

We study flavor-changing neutral current and CP violations in the minimal supersymmetric left-right model. We calculate the beyond-standard-model contributions to the neutral kaon mixing $ΔM_K$ and $ε$, and find possible to have a numerical cancelation between the contributions from the right-handed gauge boson and supersymmetric box diagram. With the cancelation, the right-handed $W$-boson mass scale can be lowered to about 2 TeV, well within the search limit of LHC.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2007

General CP Violation in Minimal Left-Right Symmetric Model and Constraints on the Right-Handed Scale

In minimal left-right symmetric theories, the requirement of parity invariance allows only one complex phase in the Higgs potential and one in the Yukawa couplings, leading to a two-phase theory with both spontaneous and explicit CP violations. We present a systematic way to solve the right-handed quark mixing matrix analytically in this model and find that the leading order solution has the same hierarchical structure as the left-handed CKM matrix with one more CP-violating phase coming from the complex Higgs vev. Armed with this explicit right-handed mixing matrix, we explore its implications for flavor changing and conserving processes in detail, low-energy CP-violating observables in particular. We report an improved lower bound on the $W_R$ mass of 2.5 TeV from $ΔM_K$ and $ΔM_{B}$, and a somewhat higher bound (4 TeV) from kaon decay parameters $ε$, $ε'$, and neutron electric dipole moment. The new bound on the flavor-changing neutral Higgs mass is 25 TeV.

hep-ph↗