arXiv subjects

Xianghui Xue

Publications and source records attributed to Xianghui Xue.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Overcoming sensitivity-bandwidth trade-off in mid-infrared spectroscopy by a microresonator-anchored swept laser

Optical frequency combs have revolutionized high-precision spectroscopy, yet an intrinsic trade-off between spectroscopic signal-to-noise ratio (sSNR) and measurement bandwidth ($B$) fundamentally constrains sensitive, broadband measurements. While broadband swept lasers offer a potential solution, generating broadband, ultrafast and linearly sweeping lasers with a narrow linewidth remains a significant challenge, particularly in the fingerprint mid-infrared (mid-IR) band. Here we overcome this limitation by using a microresonator-anchored ultrafast sweeping Fourier domain mode-locked (FDML) laser for mid-IR spectroscopy. We introduce a dual-microresonator-anchor approach: a microcomb provides frequency calibration and a high-Q microresonator resolves the instantaneous FDML lasing lineshape. The strategy enables accurate correction of the FDML laser's sweep nonlinearity and broad linewidth in the near-IR, allowing the FDML laser to function as a high-fidelity mid-IR light via difference frequency generation. The system achieves a record sSNR$\times$$B$ of 1.3$\times$10$^5$ THz$\cdot \sqrt{\rm Hz}$ and methane sensing precision of 9 ppb$\cdot$m$\cdot$$\sqrt{\rm s}$, while retaining GHz resolution to distinguish methane isotope. We further demonstrate broadband, coherent swept laser phase spectroscopy in the mid-IR, tolerating losses up to 78 dB. This work leverages advances in integrated photonics to overcome the fundamental limitations of precision spectroscopy, paving the way for next-generation, broadband, and ultra-sensitive mid-IR spectroscopic sensing systems.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2025

A high-resolution microresonator-frequency-comb spectrometer

Spectral analysis is one of the most powerful technologies for studying and understanding matter. As the devices for spectral analysis, spectrometers are widely used in material detection, isotope analysis, trace gas detection, and the study of atomic and molecular hyperfine structures. While high resolution, wide bandwidth and fast speed are essential factors, they are always trade-offs for conventional spectrometers. Here, we present a soliton-microcomb-based spectrometer that overcomes these challenges by integrating dissipative Kerr solitons (DKSs) with double-sideband modulation and parallelized detection. Leveraging a high-quality silicon nitride microresonator, we generate a broadband, fully stabilized soliton microcomb and employ radio-frequency-modulated double sidebands to scan the optical spectrum with the resolution constrained only by the comb-line linewidth. By projecting the comb lines onto a two-dimensional charge-coupled device (CCD) via a virtually imaged phased array (VIPA)-grating system, we enable parallel processing of all spectral components, circumventing sequential scanning delays. The resulting spectrometer achieves 200-kHz resolution across a 4-THz bandwidth with minutes-level processing time while maintaining robustness against environmental fluctuations. Being promising for miniaturization, this work bridges the gap between laboratory-grade performance and field-deployable practicality, unlocking new possibilities for spectroscopy in astronomy, metrology, and integrated photonics.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2025

LWFNet: Coherent Doppler Wind Lidar-Based Network for Wind Field Retrieval

Accurate detection of wind fields within the troposphere is essential for atmospheric dynamics research and plays a crucial role in extreme weather forecasting. Coherent Doppler wind lidar (CDWL) is widely regarded as the most suitable technique for high spatial and temporal resolution wind field detection. However, since coherent detection relies heavily on the concentration of aerosol particles, which cause Mie scattering, the received backscattering lidar signal exhibits significantly low intensity at high altitudes. As a result, conventional methods, such as spectral centroid estimation, often fail to produce credible and accurate wind retrieval results in these regions. To address this issue, we propose LWFNet, the first Lidar-based Wind Field (WF) retrieval neural Network, built upon Transformer and the Kolmogorov-Arnold network. Our model is trained solely on targets derived from the traditional wind retrieval algorithm and utilizes radiosonde measurements as the ground truth for test results evaluation. Experimental results demonstrate that LWFNet not only extends the maximum wind field detection range but also produces more accurate results, exhibiting a level of precision that surpasses the labeled targets. This phenomenon, which we refer to as super-accuracy, is explored by investigating the potential underlying factors that contribute to this intriguing occurrence. In addition, we compare the performance of LWFNet with other state-of-the-art (SOTA) models, highlighting its superior effectiveness and capability in high-resolution wind retrieval. LWFNet demonstrates remarkable performance in lidar-based wind field retrieval, setting a benchmark for future research and advancing the development of deep learning models in this domain.

physics.ao-ph↗

arXiv2024

A photon-level broadband dual-comb interferometer for turbulent open-air trace gases detection application

Open-path dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) significantly enhances our understanding of regional trace gases. However, due to technical challenges, cost considerations, and eye-safety regulations, its sensing range and flexibility remain limited. The photon-counting DCS demonstrated recently heralds potential innovations over open-path DCS. Nevertheless, a major challenge in open-air applications of this approach lies in accurately extracting information from the arrival time of photons that have traversed the turbulent atmosphere. Here, we demonstrate a photon-level dual-comb interferometer for field deployment in open-air environments, uniquely designed to counteract the impact of optical path-length variations caused by atmospheric turbulence and fiber-length wandering. Under variable optical path-length conditions, 20nm broadband absorption spectrum of H13C14N is acquired, with the power per comb line detected as low as 4 attowatt . Furthermore, this photon-level DCS achieves comb-line resolution with a quantum-noise-limited signal-to-noise (SNR). This paves the way for novel open-path DCS applications, including non-cooperative target sensing and sensing over a hundred-kilometers range, all within a portable, fieldable, eye-safety and low power consumption system.

physics.optics↗