arXiv subjects

Xiao-Hua Li

Publications and source records attributed to Xiao-Hua Li.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Microscopic Calculation of Electric Quadrupole Effective Charges in Exotic Nuclei

Electric quadrupole ($E2$) effective charges are evaluated based on the self-consistent relativistic Hartree-Fock single-particle states, with core-polarization corrections resummed to all orders using the Tamm-Dancoff approximation (TDA). Configuration-interaction relativistic Hartree-Fock (CI-RHF) calculations employing the TDA effective charges well reproduce the $B(E2)$ strength for neon isotopes from stability to the neutron drip line. We find that polarization charges associated with continuum states are significantly quenched due to their extended density distributions and weak coupling to the core, underscoring the critical role of continuum effects in $E2$ transition evaluations for exotic nuclei. Moreover, the CI-RHF model predicts a suppressed $B(E2; 2^+_2 \to 0^+_2)$ in $^{30}$Ne, together with strong in-band $B(E2)$ strengths of the yrast band, suggesting the coexistence of a nearly spherical excited $0^+_2$ state and a deformed ground state within the $N=20$ "island of inversion".

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arXiv2026

Quark matter at finite temperature and proto-quark stars with the axion effects in SU(3) Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model

We investigate the thermodynamical properties of strange quark matter (SQM) and proto-quark stars (PQSs) within the SU(3) Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model at finite temperature, specifically incorporating the effects of axion fields and vector interactions. Our results demonstrate that these interactions significantly influence the equation of state (EoS), constituent quark masses, entropy density, and the maximum star mass of PQSs at the isentropic stages along the star evolution line. Furthermore, we reveal a distinct thermodynamic signature in the early evolution: the presence of trapped neutrinos leads to a substantial increase in electron number density while simultaneously suppressing the core temperature compared to the neutrino-free case. These findings may highlight the crucial role of the axion effects, flavor-dependent vector interactions, and particle composition in determining the observable properties of compact stars at finite temperature.

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arXiv2026

Centrifugal-corrected harmonic oscillator model for spherical proton emitters

In the present work, we propose an improved harmonic oscillator model to systematically evaluate the proton radioactivity half-lives in spherical nuclei, incorporating centrifugal potential effects. By fitting the experimental data, the centrifugal parameter $d = 0.143$ for the correction term $dl(l+1)$ and nuclear potential depth $V_0 = 62.4$ MeV are obtained. The model integrates the relativistic mean field (RMF) theory with the BCS method based on the DD-ME2 force to determine spectroscopic factors $S_p$. Moreover, by verifying the linear relationship between the logarithm of the normalized width $\log_{10}{γ^2}$ and fragmentation potential $V_{frag}$, the connection between nuclear structure and tunneling dynamics is confirmed, and an analytical expression for the adjustable parameter $d$ corresponding to the centrifugal potential is derived as $d^{\rm{Ae}}$ $\approx$ 0.167. Compared with $d^{\rm{Ae}}$, the modified model based on $d$ yields results in better agreement with experimental half-lives, and is able to control the error of the experimental data within a factor of 2.4. Furthermore, the extended improved model is used to predict the half-lives of some possible proton radioactivity candidates in NUBASE2020 that are energetically allowed or have been observed but not yet quantified. This work improves the accuracy of proton radioactivity studies and provides a robust theoretical framework for future nuclear structure research.

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arXiv2026

Proton radioactivity in deformed nuclei with microscopic optical potential: A novel angular-dependent emission mechanism in the nanosecond-lived $^{149}$Lu

We present a theoretical description of proton radioactivity in 149Lu, the most oblate deformed proton emitter known, by combining a deformed microscopic optical potential derived from ab initio nuclear matter calculations with the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin penetration probabilities and the assault frequency of the emitted proton estimated through a new harmonic-oscillator-inspired scheme. We predict a novel angular-dependent phenomenon unprecedented in spherical proton emitters: the disappearance of classically allowed regions at small polar angles $(θ\leq 21^\circ)$. Our framework yields a half-life $T_{1/2}=467^{+143}_{-108}$ ns for 149Lu, in excellent agreement within uncertainties with the experimental value $450^{+170}_{-100}$ ns. Deformation analysis rigorously excludes configurations with $|β_2|\geq 0.32$. Extensions to 150, 151Lu and their isomers also achieve excellent agreement with experimental half-life data. We further predict 148Lu as another highly oblate $(β_2 = -0.166)$ proton emitter with a half-life $T_{1/2}=4.42$ ns. This work validates deformed microscopic optical potentials as a robust predictive tool for drip-line proton emitters and provides quantitative evidence for deformation effects in exotic decays.

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arXiv2026

Correlation between nuclear isospin asymmetry and $α$-particle preformation probability for superheavy nuclei from a Bayesian inference

In the study of $α$ decay within the superheavy nuclear region ($Z \geq 90$ and $N \geq 140$), the $α$-particle preformation probability $P_α$ serves as a crucial physical quantity linking nuclear structure to decay observables. We introduce a phenomenological model incorporating the decay energy $Q_α$, mass number $A$, orbital angular momentum $l$, isospin asymmetry $I$, and unpaired nucleon effect. For the first time, a Bayesian inference method combined with Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling has been employed to impose global constraints on the model parameters, enabling the systematic and high-precision calculation of $P_α$. The results reveal a significant suppressing effect of isospin asymmetry on $P_α$, a finding independently corroborated by random forest-based feature importance analysis, which identified $I$ as a dominant factor. Furthermore, calculations using the maximum a posteriori (MAP) parameters not only reproduce the shell effect at $N=152$ but also yield $α$ decay half-life predictions in excellent agreement with experimental ones, thereby validating this model universality. This work provides the first global analysis tool for probing the $α$ preformation mechanism in superheavy nuclei, underscores the potential of the Bayesian framework for inverting complex nuclear physics problems, and establishes a reliable theoretical benchmark for guiding future experimental exploration of superheavy nuclei.

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arXiv2026

Extracting Transport Properties of Quark-Gluon Plasma from the Heavy-Quark Potential With Neural Networks in a Holographic Model

Using Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KANs), we construct a holographic model informed by lattice QCD data. This neural network approach enables the derivation of an analytical solution for the deformation factor $w(r)$ and the determination of a constant $g$ related to the string tension. Within the KANs-based holographic framework, we further analyze heavy quark potentials under finite temperature and chemical potential conditions. Additionally, we calculate the drag force, jet quenching parameter, and diffusion coefficient of heavy quarks in this paper. Our findings demonstrate qualitative consistency with both experimental measurements and established phenomenological model.

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arXiv2026

Bayesian neural network with autoencoder for model-based description of $α$-particle preformation factor

$α$ decay is an important probe for studying the structure of heavy and superheavy nuclei, in which the $α$-particle preformation ($P_α$) is a key physical quantity for describing decay half-lives. This work develops a hybrid framework that integrates Bayesian neural networks with autoencoder (BNN-Auto), combined with the cosh potential (CPT), to systematically optimize the constraint and prediction of $P_α$. The model employs variational inference for probabilistic modeling of network weights, naturally providing robust uncertainty quantification for predictions, and utilizes an autoencoder to enhance the robustness of feature representation. Based on experimental data from 535 nuclei, the BNN-Auto method achieves relative improvements in the root mean square deviation ($σ_{\rm{RMS}}$) of $P_α$ prediction by $61.14\%$ on the training set and $54.49\%$ on the validation set. Further analysis reveals that the $P_α$ and half-life extracted by the model exhibit pronounced odd-even staggering and shell effects in isotopic chains with $Z=86-90$ and isotones with $N=124-128$ and $N=150-154$. Moreover, we successfully predict the $α$ decay half-lives of nuclei with $Z=120$ and observe a significant increase in the half-life near $N=184$, which verifies the shell effect of the predicted 'stable island'. This study not only provides a high-precision theoretical description for $α$ decay, but also offers a new machine learning perspective for exploring the structure of superheavy nuclei.

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arXiv2025

The effect of gluon condensate on the entanglement entropy in a holographic model

In this study, we examine the impact of the gluon condensate on holographic entanglement entropy within an Einstein-Dilaton model at both zero and finite temperatures. A critical length exists for the difference in entanglement entropy between connected and disconnected surfaces in this model, which is typically interpreted as an indicator of phase transition. As the gluon condensate increases, the critical length decreases, suggesting that confinement strengthens at zero temperature. Additionally, the entropic C-function abruptly drops to zero at the critical length, indicating the absence of entangled states. At finite temperatures, the results show that the effect of the gluon condensate on the critical length is qualitatively similar to that at zero temperature. We observe that the entropic C-function increases as a function of $L$ at finite temperature, though it exhibits competitive behaviors when the gluon condensate is large.

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arXiv2025

Dark matter effects on the properties of quark stars and the implications for the peculiar objects

We systematically investigate the observable properties of dark matter-admixed quark stars (DQSs) using the confined-isospin-density-dependent-mass model in combination with the generic bosonic self-interacting dark matter model. Our results show that the dark matter (DM) can significantly influence the properties of quark stars including the mass, radius, and the central pressure at the maximum mass configurations. Moreover, we observe that the mass of DMparticles and the DMfraction significantly affect the types of stellar configurations, and we study these configurations in detail under various scenarios and predict the possibility that two recently observed peculiar objects HESS J1731-347 and PSR J014-4002E are DQSs.

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arXiv2024

Neural Network Modeling of Heavy-Quark Potential from Holography

Using Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLP) and Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KAN), we construct a holographic model based on lattice QCD data for the heavy-quark potential in the 2+1 system. The deformation factor $w(r)$ in the metric is obtained using the two types of neural network. First, we numerically obtain $w(r)$ using MLP, accurately reproducing the QCD results of the lattice, and calculate the heavy quark potential at finite temperature and the chemical potential. Subsequently, we employ KAN within the Andreev-Zakharov model for validation purpose, which can analytically reconstruct $w(r)$, matching the Andreev-Zakharov model exactly and confirming the validity of MLP. Finally, we construct an analytical holographic model using KAN and study the heavy-quark potential at finite temperature and chemical potential using the KAN-based holographic model. This work demonstrates the potential of KAN to derive analytical expressions for high-energy physics applications.

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arXiv2024

The Potential Energy of Heavy Quarkonium in Flavor-Dependent Systems from a Holographic Model

Within the framework of the Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton (EMD) model, which incorporates information on the equation of state and baryon number susceptibility from lattice results, we have conducted a comprehensive analysis of the potential energy, running coupling, and dissociation time for heavy quark-antiquark pairs using gauge/gravity duality. This study encompasses various systems, including pure gluon systems, 2 flavor systems, 2+1 flavor systems, and 2+1+1 flavor systems under finite temperature and chemical potential. The results reveal that the linear component of the potential energy diminishes as the flavor increases. It is also found that our results are extremely close to the recent lattice results for 2+1 flavors at finite temperature. Moreover, we have thoroughly investigated the dissociation distance and running coupling constant of quark-antiquark pairs to gain a comprehensive understanding of their behavior across various flavors. Finally, we have examined real-time dynamics of quark dissociation. The findings indicate that the dissociation time of quark-antiquark pairs is dependent on temperature, chemical potential, and flavor of the systems.

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arXiv2024

Role of Coulomb interaction in elastic pion-proton scattering from holography

Differential cross sections of the elastic pion-proton scattering are investigated at very small momentum transfer in a holographic QCD model, considering both the strong and Coulomb interaction in the Regge regime. The strong interaction is described by the Pomeron and Reggeon exchange, and the Coulomb interaction is characterized by the one photon exchange. The two interactions are linked through an interference term and we only need to determine a single adjustable parameter involved in this term. As to the parameters for the strong interaction, we can utilize the values determined in the previous studies. The differential cross sections can be predicted without any additional parameters, and it is shown that our predictions are consistent with the experimental data. We explicitly show the momentum transfer dependence for the interference effect. The energy dependence of the contribution ratios for each component is also discussed.

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arXiv2024

Analytic formula for the proton radioactivity spectroscopic factor

In the present work, we systematically study the spectroscopic factor of proton radioactivity ($S_p$) with $A>100$ using the deformed two-potential approach (D-TPA). It is found that there is a link between the quadrupole deformation parameter of proton emitter and $S_p$. Based on this result, we propose a simple analytic formula for estimating the spectroscopic factor of proton radioactivity. With the help of this formula, the calculated half-lives of proton radioactivity can reproduce the experimental data successfully within a factor of 2.77. Furthermore, we extend the D-TPA with this formula for evaluating the spectroscopic factor to predict the proton radioactivity half-lives of 12 proton radioactivity candidates whose radioactivity is energetically allowed or observed but not yet quantified in NUBASE2020. For comparison, the universal decay law for proton radioactivity (UDLP) and the new Geiger-Nuttall law (NG-N) are also used. It turns out that all of the predicted results are basically consistent with each other.

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arXiv2024

Theoretical calculations of proton emission half-lives based on a deformed Gamow-like model

In the present study, proton emission half-lives have been investigated for the deformed proton emitters with $53\leq Z \leq 83$ in the deformed Gamow-like model, where the deformation effect has been included in the Coulomb potential. The experimental half-lives of proton emitters can be reproduced within a factor of 3.45. For comparison, other results from the universal decay law and the new Geiger-Nuttall law are presented as well. Furthermore, the relevance of the half-lives to the angular momentum $l$ for $^{117}$La, $^{121}$Pr, $^{135}$Tb and $^{141}$Ho has been analyzed, and corresponding possible values of $l$ has been put forward: $l=$3, 3, 4, 4.

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arXiv2024

Cluster radioactivity preformation probability of trans-lead nuclei in the scheme of NpNn

In the present work, the cluster radioactivity preformation probability Pc in the scheme of NpNn for the effective number of the valence particles (holes) in trans-lead nuclei has been systematically investigated. This quantity has been explored in the simplified parametrization of NpNn as well as the multiplication NpNnI of this product with the isospin asymmetry I. The calculations for Pc are both performed in microscopic and model-dependent way. Within the microscopic approach, based on our previous work [Chin. Phys. C 47,014101 (2023)], Pc is calculated in cluster formation model (CFM) combined with the exponential relationship of Pc to the alpha decay preformation probability P alpha when the mass number of the emitted cluster Ac less than 28. While Ac greater than 28, Pc is obtained through the charge-number dependence of Pc on the decay products proposed by Ren et al. [Phys. Rev. C 70,034304 (2004)]. In the model-dependent approach, Pc is extracted through the ratios from calculated cluster radioactivity half-lives in the framework of unified fission model (UFM) proposed by Dong et al. [Eur. Phys. J. A 41,197 (2009)] to experimental ones. Both of the results show Pc in logarithmic form are linear to NpNn as well as NpNnI. For comparison, the parent-mass-number dependence analytical formula as well as the model proposed by K. Wei and H. F. Zhang [Phys. Rev. C 96,021601(R)(2017)] are also used. Furthermore, the preformation mechanic for cluster radioactivity has also been discussed.

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arXiv2024

Systematic study of cluster radioactivity in trans-lead nuclei within various versions of proximity potential formalisms

In this work, based on the framework of the Coulomb and proximity potential model (CPPM), we systematically study the cluster radioactivity half-lives of 26 trans-lead nuclei by considering the cluster preformation probability which is found to possess a simple mass dependence on the emitted cluster by R. Blendowske and H. Walliser [Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 1930(1988)]. Meanwhile, we investigate 28 different versions of the proximity potential formalisms, which are the most complete known proximity potential formalisms and have been proposed for the description of proton radioactivity, two-proton radioactivity, α decay, heavy-ion radioactivity, quasi-elastic scattering, fusion reactions and other applications. The calculated results show that the modified forms of proximity potential 1977 denoted as Prox.77-12 and the proximity potential 1981 denoted as Prox.81 are the most appropriate proximity potential formalisms for the study of cluster radioactivity as the root-mean-square deviation between experimental data and relevant theoretical results obtained are least and the both values are 0.681. For comparison, a universal decay law (UDL) proposed by Qi et al. [Phys. Rev. C 80, 044326 (2009)], a unified formula of half-lives for α decay and cluster radioactivity proposed by Ni et al. [Phys. Rev. C 78, 044310 (2008)] and a scaling law (SL) in cluster decay proposed by Horoi et al. [J. Phys. G 30, 945 (2004)] are also used. In addition, utilizing CPPM with Prox.77- 12, Prox.77-1, Prox.77-2 and Prox.81, we predict the half-lives of 51 potential cluster radioactive candidates whose cluster radioactivity is energetically allowed or observed but not yet quantified in NUBASE2020. The predicted results are in the same order of magnitude with those obtained by using the compared semi-empirical and/or empirical formulae.

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arXiv2023

Systematic calculations of cluster radioactivity half-lives with a screened electrostatic barrier

In the present work, based on Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin theory, we systematically study the cluster radioactivity half-lives of 22 nuclei ranging from $^{221}$$\rm{Fr}$ to $^{242}$$\rm{Cm}$ by using a phenomenological model, which considers the screened electrostatic effect of Coulomb potential. In this model, there are two adjustable parameters i.e. the parameter $t$ and $g$, which are related to the screened electrostatic barrier and the strength of spectroscopic factor, respectively. The calculated results indicate this model can well reproduce the experimental data while the corresponding root-mean-square (rms) deviation is 0.660. In addition, we extend this model to predict the half-lives of possible cluster radioactive candidates whose cluster radioactivity are energetically allowed or observed but not yet quantified in the evaluated nuclear properties table NUBASE2020. The predicted results are consistent with the ones obtained by using other theoretical models and/or empirical formulae including the universal decay law (UDL) proposed by Qi \textit{et al.} [Phys. Rev. C 80, 044326 (2009)], a semi-empirical model for both $α$ decay and cluster radioactivity proposed by Santhosh \textit{et al.} [J. Phys. G 35, 085102 (2008)] and a unified formula of half-lives for $α$ decay and cluster radioactivity proposed by Ni \textit{et al.} [Phys. Rev. C 78, 044310 (2008)].

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arXiv2023

Contribution of Coulomb interaction to elastic pp and p p\bar scattering in holographic QCD

The differential cross sections of elastic proton-proton (pp) and proton-antiproton (pp\bar) scattering are studied in a holographic QCD model, considering the strong and Coulomb interaction in the Regge regime. Based on previous studies of strong interactions described in terms of Pomeron and Reggeon exchange, we add the contribution of Coulomb interaction described by photon exchange. We present the momentum transfer dependence of the contribution rates for each component, especially for the Coulomb-nuclear interference, which refers to the cross term between both interactions. For the adjustable parameters for the strong interaction, we can adopt the values determined in previous studies, and there are no extra adjustable parameters that need to be determined for the Coulomb interaction. It is presented that the resulting differential cross sections are consistent with the data for pp and pp\bar scattering.

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