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Xiao-Song Wang

Publications and source records attributed to Xiao-Song Wang.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2024

The new concepts of ether and calculation of the cosmological constant

Since the general theory of relativity (GR) meets some difficulties, it seems that new considerations on the ether theories of gravitation in the history are needed. A theory of gravity based on some new concepts of ether and particles is briefly reviewed. In this theory, the universe is filled with a kind of fluid which may be called the $Ω(0)$ substratum, or we say the gravitational ether. Particles are modeled as sink flows in the $Ω(0)$ substratum. Newton's law of gravitation is derived by methods of fluid mechanics. Thus, gravity is interpreted as attractive force between sinks in the $Ω(0)$ substratum. The theoretical calculation of the cosmological constant (CC) based on a mechanical model of vacuum is briefly reviewed. A proposed solution of the cosmological constant problem (CCP) is discussed. Inspired by the association of the gravitational wave (GW) event GW170817 and the gamma-ray burst (GRB) event GRB 170817A, we propose a theoretical calculation of the mass density of the electromagnetic ether.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2024

Linear-in-temperature resistivity and Planckian dissipation arise in a stochastic quantization model of Cooper pairs

We suppose that a Cooper pair (CP) will experience a damping force exerted by the condensed matter. A Langevin equation of a CP in two dimensional condensed matter is established. Following a method similar to Nelson's stochastic mechanics, generalized Schrödinger equation of a CP in condensed matter is derived. If the CPs move with a constant velocity, then the corresponding direct current (DC) electrical conductivity can be calculated. Therefore, a Drude like formula of resistivity of CPs is derived. We suppose that the damping coefficient of CPs in two dimensional cuprate superconductors is a linear function of temperature. Then the resistivity and scattering rate of CPs turn out to be also linear-in-temperature. The origin of linear-in-temperature resistivity and Planckian dissipation in cuprate superconductors may be the linear temperature dependence of the damping coefficient of CPs.

cond-mat.supr-con↗
arXiv2024

Derivation of generalized Einstein's equations of gravitation in some non-inertial reference frames based on the theory of vacuum mechanics

When solving the Einstein's equations for an isolated system of masses, V. Fock introduces harmonic reference frame and obtains an unambiguous solution. Further, he concludes that there exists a harmonic reference frame which is determined uniquely apart from a Lorentz transformation if suitable supplementary conditions are imposed. It is known that wave equations keep the same form under Lorentz transformations. Thus, we speculate that Fock's special harmonic reference frames may have provided us a clue to derive the Einstein's equations in some special class of non-inertial reference frames. Following this clue, generalized Einstein's equations in some special non-inertial reference frames are derived based on the theory of vacuum mechanics. If the field is weak and the reference frame is quasi-inertial, these generalized Einstein's equations reduce to Einstein's equations. Thus, this theory may also explain all the experiments which support the theory of general relativity. There exist some differences between this theory and the theory of general relativity.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2022

A theoretical calculation of the cosmological constant based on a mechanical model of vacuum

Lord Kelvin believed that the electromagnetic aether must also generate gravity. Presently, we have no methods to determine the density of the electromagnetic aether, or we say the $Ω(1)$ substratum. Thus, we also suppose that vacuum is filled with another kind of continuously distributed substance, which may be called the $Ω(2)$ substratum. Based on a theorem of V. Fock on the mass tensor of a fluid, the contravariant energy-momentum tensors of the $Ω(1)$ and $Ω(2)$ substrata are established. Quasi-static solutions of the gravitational field equations in vacuum are obtained. Based on an assumption, relationships between the contravariant energy-momentum tensors of the $Ω(1)$ and $Ω(2)$ substrata and the contravariant metric tensor are obtained. Thus, the cosmological constant is calculated theoretically. The $Ω(1)$ and $Ω(2)$ substrata may be a possible candidate of the dark energy. According to the theory of vacuum mechanics, only those energy-momentum tensors of discrete or continuously distributed sinks in the $Ω(0)$ substratum are permitted to act as the source terms in the generalized Einstein's equations. Thus, the zero-point energy of electromagnetic fields is not qualified for a source term in the generalized Einstein's equations. Some people believed that all kinds of energies should act as source terms in the Einstein's equations. It may be this unwarranted belief that leads to the cosmological constant problem. The mass density of the $Ω(1)$ and $Ω(2)$ substrata is equivalent to that of around $3$ protons contained in a box with a volume of $1$ cubic metre.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2021

Derivation of generalized Einstein's equations of gravitation in inertial systems based on a sink flow model of particles

J. C. Maxwell, B. Riemann and H. Poincar$\acute{e}$ have proposed the idea that all microscopic particles are sink flows in a fluidic aether. Following this research program, a previous theory of gravitation based on a mechanical model of vacuum and a sink flow model of particles is generalized by methods of special relativistic continuum mechanics. In inertial coordinate systems, we construct a tensorial potential which satisfies the wave equations. Inspired by the equations of motion of a test particle, a definition of a metric tensor of a Riemannian spacetime is introduced. Applying Fock's theorem, generalized Einstein's equations in inertial systems are derived based on some assumptions. These equations reduce to Einstein's equations in case of weak field in harmonic coordinate systems.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2021

Derivation of Coulomb's law based on a mechanical model of electromagnetic field and a spherical source and sink model of electric charges

We suppose that vacuum is filled with a kind of continuously distributed matter which may be called the $Ω(1)$ substratum, or the electromagnetic aether. Suppose that the time scale of a macroscopic observer is very large compares to the the Maxwelllian relaxation time of the $Ω(1)$ substratum. Thus, the macroscopic observer concludes that the $Ω(1)$ substratum behaves like a Newtonian-fluid. Inspired by H. A. Lorentz, we speculate that electric charges may be extremely small hard spherical sources or spherical sinks with finite radii. Based on the spherical source and spherical sink model of electric charges, we derive Coulomb's law of interactions between static electric charges in vacuum. Further, we derive a reduced form of the Lorentz's force law for static electric charges in vacuum.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2017

Derivation of Newton's law of gravitation based on a fluidic continuum model of vacuum and a sink flow model of particles

The main purpose of this paper is to seek a mechanical interpretation of gravitational phenomena. We suppose that the universe may be filled with a kind of fluid which may be called the $Ω(0)$ substratum. Thus, the inverse-square law of gravitation is derived by methods of hydrodynamics based on a sink flow model of particles. The first feature of this theory of gravitation is that the gravitational interactions are transmitted by a kind of fluidic medium. The second feature is the time dependence of gravitational constant $G$ and gravitational mass. Newton's law of gravitation is derived if we introduce an assumption that $G$ and the masses of particles are changing so slowly that they can be treated as constants.

physics.gen-ph↗