arXiv subjects

Xiaohui Liu

Publications and source records attributed to Xiaohui Liu.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Hadronization effects and electroweak contributions in DIS one-jettiness

We study the structure of leading hadronization effects and the contributions of massive electroweak gauge boson exchange in the $\tau_1$ and $\tau_{1a}$ 1-Jettiness global event shapes for deep inelastic scattering (DIS). The leading hadronization effects in $\tau_1$ acquire a non-trivial dependence on the hard scattering kinematics. This kinematic dependence is explicitly calculable, so that the leading hadronization effects in $\tau_1$, $\tau_{1a}$, and DIS thrust are universal and described by the same underlying shape function. The additional calculable kinematic dependence in $\tau_1$ provides an independent lever arm for simultaneously constraining hadronization effects in these observables. We present corresponding results at the N$^3$LL+${\cal O}(\alpha_s^2)$ level of accuracy. We extend previous results by including the contributions mediated by the exchange of the massive $Z$ and $W$ electroweak gauge bosons for neutral current (NC) and charged current (CC) DIS, respectively, including ${\cal O}(\alpha_s)$ QCD corrections to obtain N$^2$LL+${\cal O}(\alpha_s)$ results. We compare theoretical predictions to Pythia simulation and demonstrate the universality of leading hadronization effects across NC and CC DIS processes and a wide range of kinematics relevant to HERA and the EIC.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2026

China's Shrinking Home Bias and Rising Disruptive Impact: Evidence from a Global Citation Network Analysis

China has become the world's largest producer of scientific publications, yet concerns persist that this growth is inflated by excessive domestic citation practices. In this study, we analyze a citation network of over 45 million publications from Web of Science (1980-2025) to investigate China's home citation bias and research impact. Using a network reshuffling null model to control for the structural effect of publication volume, we find that China's home citation bias is less pronounced than commonly assumed and has been steadily declining over the past two decades. Chinese researchers do not exhibit a significantly stronger home citation preference than other major countries, indicating increasing internationalization rather than insularity. Furthermore, using the persistent disruption framework, we show that Chinese papers are converging toward American papers in their capacity to produce paradigm-shifting work. These findings challenge prevailing narratives about Chinese scientific home bias and suggest that China's advances in research impact.

physics.soc-ph↗

arXiv2026

Tracing Vacuum Hadronization with Conserved Currents

We show that color triality constrains the nonperturbative states that screen a Wilson-line endpoint, allowing the joint flows of net electric charge, baryon number, and strangeness to probe QCD vacuum hadronization. Whether evaluated from resolved hadrons in a jet initiated by a quark of flavor $f$ or from the corresponding charge correlators, these flows satisfy the Gell-Mann--Nishijima relation $\langle Q_{\rm flow}\rangle_f \simeq I_{3,f} +\frac{1}{2}\left( \langle S_{\rm flow}\rangle_f +\langle B_{\rm flow}\rangle_f \right)$, where $I_{3,f}$ is the third component of the initiating-quark isospin. The net jet baryon number, $\langle B_{\rm flow}\rangle_f\simeq \frac{r_{qq}}{1+r_{qq}}$, directly probes the relative probability of a diquark--antidiquark vacuum excitation, with $r_{qq}$ the diquark-to-quark production ratio. Thus, for $r_{qq}\ll1$, the baryon number carried by the jet is substantially suppressed relative to the initiating-quark value $B_f=1/3$. Likewise, the strange-to-light pair-production ratio, defined by $u\bar u:d\bar d:s\bar s=1:1:r_s$, is encoded in the measured jet strangeness $\langle S_{\rm flow}\rangle_f \simeq S_f+\frac{3r_s}{2+r_s} \left(\frac{1}{3}- \langle B_{\rm flow}\rangle_f\right)$, predicting a nonzero mean net strangeness even in $u$- and $d$-initiated jets. The conserved-current moments appearing in these relations are independent of the renormalization scale. Their simultaneous measurement therefore provides a direct, flavor-resolved probe of vacuum pair production and quantum-number transport during hadronization.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2026

Universality and Kinematic Dependence of Hadronization Effects in DIS Global Event Shapes

We propose a unified framework for a combined global analysis to constrain leading hadronization effects across the 1-Jettiness class of global event shapes for Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS). We show that for the subclass of jet-based event shapes where the leading jet direction is determined dynamically event-by-event, the leading hadronization effects can acquire a non-trivial dependence on the hard scattering kinematics. However, this dependence is explicitly calculable, allowing for universality of leading hadronization effects in the 1-Jettiness class. The non-trivial kinematic dependence provides an independent lever arm for simultaneously constraining hadronization effects in the jet-based and DIS thrust event shapes. This universality, combined with the kinematic lever arm, could allow for including the typically ignored peak region, where hadronization effects are most severe, in precision extractions of the strong coupling. We demonstrate the need for such a unified treatment of hadronization effects through comparisons of theoretical predictions with simulation data.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2026

Transverse Charge Distribution as a Probe of Nucleon Transversity

We introduce the transverse charge distribution as a spin-sensitive charge-flow probe for fragmentation and nucleon tomography. By measuring the angular distribution of net electric charge around a fragmenting quark, this observable relies entirely on the tracking of charged-particle directions and charge signs, strictly bypassing the need for calorimetric energy measurements. At leading twist, the distribution decomposes into an unpolarized charge monopole and a chiral-odd transverse charge dipole. We derive the operator product expansion of these distributions onto charge-weighted collinear moments: a charge monopole and a charge dipole governed by the Collins effect and couples directly to transversity. Applying this formalism to transversely polarized $p^\uparrow p$ collisions at RHIC, we show that charge weighting suppresses the unpolarized monopole background and causes the spin-dependent dipoles from oppositely charged hadrons to add coherently. This coherence strongly enhances the resulting azimuthal asymmetries, establishing a theoretically clean and experimentally precise track-only avenue for extracting transversity.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2026

No Strong Evidence for Plasma Lensing in FRB 20240114A

FRB~20240114A is an extremely active repeating fast radio burst for which plasma lensing has been proposed to explain its burst-rate variations, spectral evolution, and apparently ``carbon-copy'' burst pairs. Using FAST data and publicly available Parkes observations, we test this interpretation with a one-dimensional Gaussian plasma-lens model. Although the burst-rate enhancements can be fitted separately, the corresponding magnification peaks and demagnification troughs are offset by far more than predicted and show no consistent periodicity. Moreover, with more than 10,000 bursts detected, a few apparently ``carbon-copy'' pairs can readily occur by chance. The burst bandwidth is not systematically narrower during the proposed lensing interval, nor are the burst energies significantly enhanced during the predicted magnification interval. These results provide no compelling evidence that a single Gaussian plasma lens explains the observed variability, which is more likely dominated by intrinsic source activity.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2026

Probing Baryonic Feedback Effect with CSST Weak Lensing and Future FRB Measurements

We explore the joint probe on the baryonic feedback effect using the weak lensing measurement from the upcoming Chinese Space-station Survey Telescope (CSST) photometric survey and the dispersion measure (DM) statistics of the fast radio bursts (FRBs) from next-generation radio telescopes, i.e., the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) and the Deep Synoptic Array (DSA-2000). By employing the baryonic halo model, we compute the matter, electron, and matter--electron power spectra, and generate mock data considering realistic noise and systematic effects based on the designs of the telescopes. These mock data are then analyzed using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method to investigate the parameter constraints. We find that CSST weak lensing alone can constrain the baryonic feedback parameter $\log_{10} T_{\text{AGN}}$ to an accuracy of $3.1\%$, with the sum of neutrino mass bound $\sum m_{\nu} < 0.53\,\mathrm{eV}$. When performing the $3\times2 \,\mathrm{pt}(e,\mathrm{m})$ analysis, the inclusion of FRB DM measurements can significantly improve the precision of $\log_{10} T_{\text{AGN}}$ to $0.4\%$, and will lead to a better constraint on $\sum m_{\nu}$ with an upper limit $< 0.47\,\mathrm{eV}$ by effectively breaking the degeneracy. Our results demonstrate that the joint observation of future FRB DM and weak lensing surveys is a powerful tool for probing the baryonic feedback effect, which is helpful in obtaining robust constraints on the neutrino mass and other important cosmological parameters.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2026

Sivers Tomography from Charge and Angle Only

We propose a one-point charge-correlator (OPCC) probe of the Sivers effect in back-to-back deep-inelastic scattering. This measurement uses only the signs and directions of charged tracks, with no calorimetric or particle-identification information required. The observable weights the final state by its electric charge and measures the azimuthal correlation between the charge flow and the transverse spin of the proton. This probe is shown to be IRC finite and admits a factorization involving the usual Sivers distribution and a perturbatively calculable charge-weighted jet function for small transverse seperation $b\ll \Lambda_{\rm QCD}^{-1}$, with no reliance on non-perturbative fragmentation functions or track functions due to charge conservation. We validate the factorization against the full fixed-order QCD and present resummed predictions at N$^3$LL accuracy for the unpolarized distribution and N$^2$LL for the Sivers asymmetry. The OPCC provides a theoretically clean and simple experimental measurement, and establishes a charge-and-angle measurement paradigm for spin physics at a future Electron-Ion Collider.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2026

Random Polarization Position Angle Behaviors across Bursts of Repeating Fast Radio Bursts

Fast radio bursts (FRBs), highly polarized, mostly have a nearly constant polarization position angle (PA) during each burst. Their PAs are observed to vary from burst to burst, with the statistical properties remaining stable across different observation sessions. We found that the intrinsic PAs of repeating FRBs are approximately Gaussian distributed, suggesting that the emission likely originates from a localized region within the neutron star's magnetosphere. A periodicity search of the PA time series using the Lomb-Scargle periodogram reveals no credible periodic signal in the period range from 10 ms to $10^7$ ms, and similar analyses of several active observations also yield null detections. We interpret these properties by extending the rotating vector model to include a dynamically evolving magnetosphere, in which the effective magnetic axis varies from burst to burst due to stochastic perturbations. In this framework, the observed PA distributions can naturally arise from geometric projection effects, and the absence of periodicity reflects the random wandering of the magnetic axis within a confined region. This scenario provides a natural explanation for both repeating and apparently non-repeating FRBs.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2026

Exponentially improved quantum simulation of scalar QFT

Quantum simulations of scalar quantum field theories (QFT) provide important benchmarks for demonstrating quantum advantage. We revisit digitization in the occupation basis, which is typically hindered by unfavorable circuit depth scaling. We present an approach that achieves exponential reductions in circuit depth and significantly mitigates Trotter errors by diagonalizing field operators prior to their decomposition into Pauli strings. Focusing on a scalar QFT in 2+1 dimensions, we show that this method substantially reduces circuit depth and CNOT gate counts for time evolution. Using the Lorentzian energy-energy correlator as a benchmark observable, we find parameter regimes in which occupation-basis digitization converges more rapidly with respect to local truncation than the amplitude-basis approach of Jordan, Lee, and Preskill. These results provide both algorithmic advances and phenomenological benchmarks for studies of light-ray observables on near-term quantum devices.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2026

Unveiling the spectral morphological division of fast radio bursts with CHIME/FRB Catalog 2

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are commonly classified into repeating and apparently nonrepeating sources, yet whether this distinction reflects intrinsically different physical populations remains uncertain. Using the Second CHIME/FRB Catalog, we apply an unsupervised machine learning framework combining Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) with density-based clustering to investigate the intrinsic structure of the FRB population in a multi-dimensional parameter space. We find that FRBs are primarily separated into two robust clusters dominated by spectral morphology. One cluster is characterized by narrowband emission and longer durations, while the other exhibits relatively broadband spectra and shorter burst timescales. This classification scheme achieves a recall of 0.94 for known repeaters. Within the repeating population, we further identify a stable subclass of atypical repeaters that are broadband, shorter in duration, and more luminous, resembling nonrepeating bursts. Furthermore, broadband nonrepeaters exhibit systematically higher dispersion measures (by approximately 200 $\text{pc cm}^{-3}$) and isotropic luminosities approximately an order of magnitude larger than those of repeating FRBs. Without invoking catastrophic progenitor scenarios, these differences are naturally explained by instrumental sensitivity limits and distance-dependent selection effects. Our results provide new statistical evidence for a physical connection between repeating and nonrepeating FRBs.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2025

Inferring the Intrinsic Energy Function of FRB 20220912A

The statistical analysis of fast radio burst (FRB) samples from repeaters may suffer from a band-limited selection effect, which can bias the observed distribution. We investigated the impact of this selection bias on the energy function through simulations and then applied our analysis to the particular case of FRB 20220912A. Our simulations show that, in the sample of bursts observed by the Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST), assuming a unimodal intrinsic energy distribution, the band selection effect alone is insufficient to produce a bimodal energy distribution; only the bimodal central frequency distribution can achieve this. The bursts' energy of FRB 20220912A that primarily fell within the observing band showed no significant correlation with the central frequency. In contrast, bursts with higher central frequency tend to exhibit narrower bandwidth and longer duration. The distribution of the intrinsic energy can be modeled as a log-normal distribution with a characteristic energy of $8.13 \times 10^{37}$ erg, and a power-law function with the index of $1.011 \pm 0.028$. In contrast to the initial energy function reported by \cite{2023ApJ...955..142Z}, the low-energy peak vanishes, and the high-energy decline becomes steeper, which implies the low-energy peak is an observational effect. The bimodality of the energy distribution seems to originate from the intrinsic radiation mechanism.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2025

Scalable Quantum State Preparation via Large-Language-Model-Driven Discovery

Efficient quantum state preparation remains a central challenge in first-principles quantum simulations of dynamics in quantum field theories, where the Hilbert space is intrinsically infinite-dimensional. Here, we introduce a large language model (LLM)-assisted framework for quantum-circuit design that systematically scales state-preparation circuits to large lattice volumes. Applied to a 1+1d XY spin chain, the LLM autonomously discovers a compact 4-parameter circuit that captures boundary-induced symmetry breaking with sub-percent energy deviation, enabling successful validation on the \texttt{Zuchongzhi} quantum processor. Guided by this insight, we extend the framework to 2+1d quantum field theories, where scalable variational ansätze have remained elusive. For a scalar field theory, the search yields a symmetry-preserving, 3-parameter shallow-depth ansatz whose optimized parameters converge to size-independent constants for lattices $n \ge 4$, providing, to our knowledge, the first scalable ansatz for this class of 2+1d models. Our results establish a practical route toward AI-assisted, human-guided discovery in quantum simulation.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2025

Constraining and Comparing the Dynamical Dark Energy and f(R) Modified Gravity Models with Cosmological Distance Measurements

We constrain and compare the $w_{0}w_{a}$CDM dynamical dark energy model and three $f(R)$ modified gravity models using the current cosmological distance measurements, including 112 high-quality localized FRBs, BAO measurements from the DESI-DR2 and the BOSS-DR12, Type~Ia supernovae (SNe~Ia) from the PantheonPlus compilation and the DESY5 sample, cosmic chronometers (CC), and the angular scale of the first acoustic peak of the CMB from Planck~2018. These datasets allow us to effectively break parameter degeneracy, obtain stringent cosmological constraint results, and conduct systematic model comparison and selection. By using the FRB+PantheonPlus+DESI+CC+CMB dataset, we constrain the parameters of the dark energy equation of state in the $w_{0}w_{a}$CDM model, obtaining $w_{0} = -0.867 \pm 0.060$ and $w_{a} = -0.35^{+0.29}_{-0.25}$. For the $f(R)$ modified gravity models, the deviation parameter $b$, which characterizes departure from general relativity, is constrained to be $b = 0.206 \pm 0.084$, $b = 0.700^{+0.190}_{-0.130}$, and $b = 0.198 \pm 0.081$ for Hu-Sawicki, Starobinsky, and ArcTanh models, respectively. Besides, we compare the impacts of different SNe Ia datasets (PantheonPlus and DESY5) and BAO datasets (DESI-DR2 and BOSS-DR12) on the constraints of the cosmological models. By employing Bayesian evidence and other model selection criteria, we find that the choice of SNe Ia and BAO datasets can significantly influence the inferred preference for cosmological models. Specifically, the DESY5 and DESI datasets tend to favor $w_{0}w_{a}$CDM and $f(R)$ models, whereas the PantheonPlus and BOSS datasets show a comparatively stronger preference for the $\Lambda$CDM model.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2025

ABACUS: An Electronic Structure Analysis Package for the AI Era

ABACUS (Atomic-orbital Based Ab-initio Computation at USTC) is an open-source software for first-principles electronic structure calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. It mainly features density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics functions and is compatible with both plane-wave basis sets and numerical atomic orbital basis sets. ABACUS serves as a platform that facilitates the integration of various electronic structure methods, such as Kohn-Sham DFT, stochastic DFT, orbital-free DFT, and real-time time-dependent DFT, etc. In addition, with the aid of high-performance computing, ABACUS is designed to perform efficiently and provide massive amounts of first-principles data for generating general-purpose machine learning potentials, such as DPA models. Furthermore, ABACUS serves as an electronic structure platform that interfaces with several AI-assisted algorithms and packages, such as DeePKS-kit, DeePMD, DP-GEN, DeepH, DeePTB, HamGNN, etc.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2025

A Practical Framework for Estimating the Repetition Likelihood of Fast Radio Bursts from Spectral Morphology

The repeating behavior of fast radio bursts (FRBs) is regarded as a key clue to understanding their physical origin, yet reliably distinguishing repeaters from apparent non-repeaters with current observations remains challenging. Here we propose a physically interpretable and practically quantifiable classification framework based on spectral morphology. Using dimensionality reduction, clustering, and feature-importance analysis, we identify the spectral running $r$ and spectral index $\gamma$ as the most critical parameters for distinguishing repeaters from apparent non-repeaters in the CHIME/FRB sample. In the $\gamma$-$r$ space, repeaters preferentially occupy regions with steeper, narrower-band spectra, whereas non-repeaters cluster in flatter, broader-band regions, resulting in a clear density separation. We further construct an empirical probability map in the $\gamma$-$r$ space, showing a clear gradient of repetition likelihood, from $\sim 65\%$ in the high-repetition region to $\sim 5\%$ in the low-repetition region. Combining this with Gaussian Mixture Model posterior analysis, we identify several apparent non-repeaters with high inferred repetition probability, recommending them as priority targets for future monitoring. This framework provides a simple and generalizable tool for assessing repeatability in the CHIME/FRB sample and highlights the diagnostic power of spectral morphology in unveiling FRB origins.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2025

Iterated Agent for Symbolic Regression

Symbolic regression (SR), the automated discovery of mathematical expressions from data, is a cornerstone of scientific inquiry. However, it is often hindered by the combinatorial explosion of the search space and a tendency to overfit. Popular methods, rooted in genetic programming, explore this space syntactically, often yielding overly complex, uninterpretable models. This paper introduces IdeaSearchFitter, a framework that employs Large Language Models (LLMs) as semantic operators within an evolutionary search. By generating candidate expressions guided by natural-language rationales, our method biases discovery towards models that are not only accurate but also conceptually coherent and interpretable. We demonstrate IdeaSearchFitter's efficacy across diverse challenges: it achieves competitive, noise-robust performance on the Feynman Symbolic Regression Database (FSReD), outperforming several strong baselines; discovers mechanistically aligned models with good accuracy-complexity trade-offs on real-world data; and derives compact, physically-motivated parametrizations for Parton Distribution Functions in a frontier high-energy physics application. IdeaSearchFitter is a specialized module within our broader iterated agent framework, IdeaSearch, which is publicly available at https://www.ideasearch.cn/.

physics.comp-ph↗

arXiv2025

The magnetar model's energy crisis for a prolific repeating fast radio burst source

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are widely considered to originate from magnetars that power the explosion through releasing magnetic energy. Active repeating FRBs have been seen to produce hundreds of bursts per hour and can stay active for months, thus may provide stringent constraints on the energy budget of FRBs' central engine. Within a time span of 214 days, we detected 11,553 bursts from the hyper-active FRB 20240114A that reached a peak burst rate of 729 hr$^{-1}$. This is the largest burst sample from any single FRB source, exceeding the cumulative total of all published bursts from all known FRBs to date. Assuming typical values of radio efficiency and beaming factor, the estimated total isotropic burst energy of this source exceeds 86% of the dipolar magnetic energy of a typical magnetar. The total released energy from this source exceeds that of other known repeaters by about one and a half orders of magnitude, yielding the most stringent lower limit of $4.7\times10^{32}$ G cm$^3$ for the magnetar's magnetic moment. The source remained active at the end of this observation campaign. Our findings thus require either the FRB's central magnetar engine's possessing exceptionally high emission efficiency or a more powerful compact object than a typical magnetar.

astro-ph.HE↗