arXiv subjects

Xiaoyi Shang

Publications and source records attributed to Xiaoyi Shang.

2 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Optical microscopy for pathological imaging: past, present, and future

Histopathology, the microscopic examination of stained tissue sections, remains the gold standard for pathology imaging, but its bright-field imaging is largely morphological. Advanced optical microscopy techniques move beyond this by exploiting diverse light-matter interactions, and are increasingly applied to pathological imaging. By capturing signals such as refractive index, polarisation, harmonic generation, Brillouin shift, and molecular vibrations, these microscopy techniques can provide quantitative or semi-quantitative information on tissue structure, mechanics, and chemical or molecular composition. In this review, we summarise the physical principles, key quantitative parameters, and representative pathological applications of seven modalities--optical diffraction tomography, polarisation microscopy, second-harmonic generation microscopy, third-harmonic generation microscopy, Brillouin microscopy, Raman microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy. We also discuss progress in artificial intelligence that supports reconstruction, analysis, and interpretation across these modalities, together with emerging trends in multimodal integration. Overall, this review shows how different optical contrasts can complement routine histopathology, while outlining the challenges and opportunities that will shape their clinical translation.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2024

Topological Protection of Optical Skyrmions through Complex Media

Optical Skyrmions have many important properties that make them ideal units for high-density data applications, including the ability to carry digital information through a discrete topological number and the independence of spatially varying polarization to other dimensions. More importantly, the topological nature of the optical Skyrmion heuristically suggests a strong degree of robustness to perturbations, which is crucial for reliably carrying information in noisy environments. However, the study of the topological robustness of optical Skyrmions is still in its infancy. Here, we quantify this robustness precisely by proving that the topological nature of the Skyrmion arises from its structure on the boundary and, by duality, is therefore resilient to complex perturbations provided they respect the relevant boundary conditions of the unperturbed Skyrmion. We then present experimental evidence validating this robustness in the context of paraxial Skyrmion beams against different polarization aberrations. Our work provides a framework for handling various perturbations of Skyrmion fields and offers guarantees of robustness in a general sense. This, in turn, has implications for applications of the optical Skyrmion where their topological nature is exploited explicitly, and, in particular, provides an underpinning for the use of Skyrmions in optical communications and photonic computing.

physics.optics↗