arXiv subjects

Xinyong Fu

Publications and source records attributed to Xinyong Fu.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2012

Realization of Maxwell's Hypothesis

Two similar and parallel Ag-O-Cs surfaces in a vacuum tube ceaselessly eject electrons at room temperature. A static magnetic field applied to the tube plays the role of 'Maxwell's demon'. The thermal electrons are so controlled by the magnetic field that they can travel only from one Ag-O-Cs surface to the other, resulting in collections of positive and negative charge on the two surfaces, respectively, as well as an electric potential between the two surfaces. A load, a resistance outside of the tube for example, is connected by wires to the two surfaces, continuously receiving electric power from the tube. The ambient air is a single heat reservoir in this situation, and all of the heat extracted by the tube from the air is converted to electric energy, without producing any other effect. The authors believe that the experiment is in contradiction to Kelvin's statement, and that the famous hypothesis proposed by Maxwell about 140 years ago is realized.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2005

Another Way To Realize Maxwell's Demon

This is another approach to realize Maxwell's "demon" hypothesis. Two Ag-O-Cs thermal electron ejectors, A and B, are settled in a vacuum tube. A non-uniform magnetic field exerted on the tube provides a one-way channel for the thermal electrons. Ejector A, losing electrons, charges positively, while ejector B, getting electrons, charges negatively, resulting in an electric voltage. In flying from A to B, the speed of the electrons decreases, and part of their thermal kinetic energy converts into electric potential energy. Thus, the temperature of the whole electron tube drops down slightly, and that can be compensated by the heat attracted from the ambient air. The device can provide a small but macroscopic power to an external load, violating Kelvin's statement of the second law.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2005

Of the Black Hole Thermodynamics

About thirty years ago, Bekenstein and Hawking introduced three basic concepts relating to black hole, namely, the "area entropy", "gravitation temperature" and "thermal radiation". The author analyzes these concepts systematically and concludes that they are mostly inadequate or wrong. He points out that a black hole's taking in thermal radiation from the space is an energy-gathering process. It is special, even extraordinary. It reduces entropy, violating Clausius' second law.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2003

The Origin of Energy for the Big Bang

Our universe is probably a huge black hole. If that is true, all the light and heat ejected by various celestial bodies into the space will be confined within it and shuttling ceaselessly, leading eventually to a uniform equilibrium radiation at certain temperature. The authors hold that the 3 K background radiation discovered in 1965 is actually such equilibrium radiation. The 3 K background radiation is convincible evidence that our universe is a closed one and it is actually a huge heat ocean. Billions of galaxies produced in the big bang will also be shuttling within the closed universe, passing the central part of the universe again and again. They have many chances to meet each other. There are numerous black holes of various sizes in these galaxies. A black hole absorbs matter and radiation, even swallows in other approaching celestial bodies. These black holes provide the mechanism of matter-re-gathering and energy-re-gathering in the universe. All the real matter will finally gather again to form a single huge black hole. The huge black hole absorbs energy from the heat ocean further, until its energy overpasses certain threshold value, leading to a new big bang. The heat ocean has energy, hence it has mass, too. Calculations show that, the mass of the heat ocean surpasses overwhelmingly the mass of all the real matter. The heat ocean is the dominant part of the universe, and the real matter is only a fraction, which explodes and re-gathers repeatedly within the universe.

astro-ph↗