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Xuanyu Liu

Publications and source records attributed to Xuanyu Liu.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Embodied-Navigator: Point, Think, Memorize, and Align for Efficient Navigation

Although Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have significantly advanced embodied navigation, their direct deployment remains challenging, as existing methods often force VLMs into unnatural action spaces that misalign with their 2D pre-training priors, compounded by rigid reasoning schedules and inefficient memory management. To overcome these limitations, we propose TAMP-Nav, a unified framework for efficient embodied navigation. First, we introduce a Pixel-to-3D Action Formulation (Point) that reformulates navigation into 2D visual prompting. Specifically, the VLM merely selects 2D pixels, which are then projected into 3D coordinates for a low-level SLAM controller. This design naturally aligns embodied execution with the VLM's inherent 2D visual capabilities. Second, we propose an integrated Selective Reasoning and Anchor-Trajectory Memory mechanism (Think and Memorize), which dynamically triggers Chain-of-Thought and retains high-fidelity memory only at critical nodes, compressing redundant trajectories into lightweight Space-Time Indicators, thereby preserving critical historical information and enhancing spatio-temporal perception. Finally, we design an efficient Two-Level Alignment Paradigm (Align) via Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO). By superimposing global outcome rewards with fine-grained process rewards, this dense supervision tightly aligns the agent's cognitive planning with physical environmental feedback, endowing the model with adaptive reasoning capabilities. Experiments demonstrate that TAMP-Nav achieves state-of-the-art performance (e.g., 66.2% SR on R2R-CE) with high runtime and sample efficiency (requiring only 90k training trajectories).

cs.RO

Interference-engineered shortcut to perfect state transfer

Achieving fast, high-fidelity state transfer is fundamental to scalable integrated photonics and quantum information processing. While adiabatic evolution provides inherent robustness against control and fabrication imperfections, its requirement for slow driving leads to impractically long propagation distances in photonic circuits. Existing acceleration strategies, such as shortcuts to adiabaticity (STA), can dramatically shorten evolution times but generally rely on non-native auxiliary couplings or delicate Hamiltonian engineering that are difficult to implement in practice. Here we introduce evolution-pause synthesis (EPS), an interference engineered shortcut protocol that achieves fast, near-perfect state transfer strictly within the native system Hamiltonian. It achieves this by treating transient excitations as coherent resources and canceling their accumulated amplitudes via strategically interleaved pauses. By decoupling relative dynamical phase accumulation from parameter variations, EPS steers open transition trajectories into a closed loop in complex amplitude space, enabling perfect state transfer without auxiliary fields or complex parameter detours. We demonstrate this mechanism in Landau-Zener dynamics and extend it to a multilevel STIRAP process, achieving an 11.8-fold acceleration over the adiabatic baseline. Further, we experimentally validate EPS on a silicon photonic platform, realizing high-fidelity state transfer in a $16\,μ\mathrm{m}$ footprint, a nearly tenfold reduction in device length compared with a $150\,μ\mathrm{m}$ adiabatic reference. EPS offers a general hardware-compatible framework for fast, practical coherent control across wave and quantum platforms.

physics.optics

WiFo-MiSAC: A Wireless Foundation Model for Multimodal Sensing and Communication Integration via Synesthesia of Machines (SoM)

Current learning-based wireless methods struggle with generalization due to the fragmented processing of communication and sensing data. WiFo-MiSAC addresses this as a task-agnostic foundation model that tokenizes heterogeneous signals into a unified space for self-supervised pre-training. A shared-specific disentangled mixture-of-experts (SS-DMoE) architecture is employed to decouple modality-shared and modality-specific representations, facilitating interaction without cross-modal interference. By combining masked reconstruction with contrastive alignment, the model achieves state-of-the-art performance across downstream tasks, including beam prediction and channel estimation. Experimental results demonstrate robust few-shot adaptation and seamless integration of new modalities, positioning WiFo-MiSAC as a scalable backbone for future integrated sensing and communication systems.

eess.SP

Robust Recommendation from Noisy Implicit Feedback: A GMM-Weighted Bayes-label Transition Matrix Framework

Label noise is a central challenge in learning from implicit feedback for recommendation. Conventional approaches discard noisy examples for robustness, but this sacrifices data efficiency. Unlike filtering approaches, Bayes-label transition matrix (BLTM) based methods keep all data, but their transition matrix estimates are skewed in practice. To reduce this skew, we introduce GMM-weighted Bayes-label Transition Matrix (RGBT), which augments BLTM with GMM-based instance weights. A GMM assigns each instance a reliability score, and these scores calibrate the BLTM to reduce bias. We show theoretically that RGBT retains all samples for BLTM estimation, yields consistent estimates, and provably reduces variance compared to CLTM. Experiments on real and synthetic datasets show that RGBT handles noisy samples more effectively than sample-selection methods, and calibrates the transition matrix more accurately than existing approaches.

cs.LG

Triple Expert Learning from Noisy Labels for Semi-Supervised Vision Foundation Model Adaptation

Semi-supervised adaptation of vision foundation models (VFMs) commonly freezes the pretrained backbone and updates lightweight modules such as LoRA. However, pseudo-labels have mixed reliability, and a single LoRA adapter must absorb reliable, ambiguous, and noisy gradients in the same low-rank space. This can make VFM adaptation sensitive to pseudo-label noise. We propose \textbf{TriNoL}, a \textbf{Tri}ple-expert learning framework from \textbf{No}isy \textbf{L}abels for semi-supervised VFM adaptation. TriNoL routes unlabeled samples into three confidence regions and assigns them to three LoRA experts: a Positive Expert for high-confidence pseudo-labels, an Alignment Expert for medium-confidence ambiguous samples, and a Negative Expert for low-confidence noisy samples. The VFM backbone remains frozen, and only the LoRA experts and classifier head are updated. By separating different pseudo-label reliability regions into specialized adaptation paths, TriNoL improves robustness to noisy supervision while keeping the training cost low.

cs.CV

WiFo-INR: A Wireless Foundation Model Based on Implicit Neural Representations

Wireless foundation models are emerging as a promising paradigm for AI-native physical-layer design. However, existing methods typically model channel state information (CSI) as image-like discrete tensors with generic token decoders that may struggle to capture complex high-frequency variations efficiently and often produce high-dimensional, size-dependent representations. In this paper, we propose WiFo-INR, an implicit neural representation (INR)-based wireless foundation model that represents CSI as a coordinate-conditioned neural function. A Transformer encoder maps partial or coarse CSI to fixed-dimensional modulation tokens that adapt a SIREN-based decoder, and a compression autoencoder enables quantized CSI feedback. It adopts a two-stage self-supervised pretraining scheme, where mixed masking and denoising improve channel reconstruction and compression-enhanced pretraining enables accurate CSI feedback at low compression ratios. Extensive experiments demonstrate that WiFo-INR learns efficient, compact, and CSI-size-independent implicit wireless representations. Compared with existing foundation models, WiFo-INR improves channel reconstruction and CSI feedback performance while substantially reducing inference latency. It also transfers efficiently to diverse wireless tasks with minimal fine-tuning overhead and achieves zero-shot generalization to unseen CSI sizes.

eess.SP

The normalized expectation-maximization (N-EM) algorithm

Although the $\textit{expectation-maximization}$ (EM) algorithm is a powerful optimization tool in statistics, it can only be applied to missing/incomplete data problems or to problems with a latent-variable structure. It is well known that the introduction of latent variables (or the data augmentation) is an art; i.e., it could only be done case by case. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm, a so-called $\textit{normalized EM}$ (N-EM) algorithm, for a class of log-likelihood functions with integrals. As an extension of the original EM algorithm, the N-EM algorithm inherits all advantages of EM-type algorithms and consists of three steps: normalization step (N-step), expectation step (E-step) and maximization step (M-step), where the N-step is to construct a $\textit{normalized density function}$ (ndf), the E-step is to compute a well-established surrogate $Q$-function and the M-step is to maximize the $Q$-function as in the original EM algorithm. The ascent property, the best choice of the ndf, and those N-EM algorithms with a difficult M-step are also explored. By multiple real applications, we have shown that the N-EM algorithm can solve some problems which cannot be addressed by the EM algorithm. Next, for problems to which the EM can be applied (often case by case), the N-EM algorithm can be employed in a unified framework. Numerical experiments are performed and convergence properties are also established.

stat.ME

WiFo-2: a generalist foundation model unifies heterogeneous wireless system design

Emerging sixth-generation wireless systems are increasingly heterogeneous, with compatibility across diverse configurations, ubiquitous coverage, and expanded functionalities. Although deep learning has substantially benefited wireless system design, existing approaches are typically trained for specific system settings and scenarios with limited generalizability. Here we present WiFo-2, a space-time-frequency foundation model for unified wireless communications and sensing system design. Pretrained on a heterogeneous dataset of 11.6 billion channel state information (CSI) points, WiFo-2 learns generalized wireless representations across scenarios, configurations, and tasks, and exhibits scaling-law behavior. WiFo-2 achieves reliable and accurate zero-shot channel reconstruction, outperforming fully supervised task-specific models. With only 1% of the training samples required by supervised AI models, WiFo-2 achieves state-of-the-art performance across 9 distinct wireless tasks. A functional hardware prototype further demonstrates its real-world deployability and superior capability across diverse wireless tasks. This work provides a versatile wireless design framework and advances understanding of wireless channels.

eess.SP

Show, Don't Tell: Evaluating Spatial Cognition in Generative Pixels Rather Than LLM Text

Spatial intelligence is essential for agents to move from static semantic understanding toward interacting with the physical world. Many spatial tasks are grounded in continuous visual scenes, where locations, regions, and paths are more naturally expressed by pointing, marking, or drawing than by reporting precise coordinates or discrete textual symbols. Yet existing spatial reasoning benchmarks usually require coordinates, options, or text, creating an answer-interface mismatch for image-generation models. This makes it difficult to evaluate image-generation models under the same task semantics as text-output VLMs, despite their ability to externalize spatial judgments directly in pixel space. We propose ProVisE (Protocolized Visual Evaluation), a benchmark-agnostic framework that elicits protocol-constrained visual answers from image-generation models and parses them into structured predictions compatible with original metrics. ProVisE also includes an Agentic builder that constructs and validates task-specific protocols for new benchmarks. We further introduce SpatialGen-Bench, a curated diagnostic benchmark of 470 samples across 14 spatial subtasks, four capability levels, and diverse answer forms. We evaluate representative text-output VLMs and image-generation models in a unified setting and validate Agentic protocol construction on six external spatial benchmarks. Results show that image-generation models are competitive when spatial answers can be externalized directly in pixel space, while text-output VLMs retain a clear advantage in compositional spatial reasoning. These findings reveal complementary strengths of pixel-space expression and text-based reasoning and establish a metric-compatible testbed for studying spatial cognition in image-generation models.

cs.CV

HoloGeo: Mitigating Landmark Bias in Geo-localization via Evidence-Driven Reasoning

Recent advances in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have significantly improved image geo-localization, yet existing models remain susceptible to landmark bias, causing them to overlook geographical cues or form spurious correlations, ultimately resulting in inaccurate localization. To systematically investigate this issue, we first design two quantitative metrics, Bias Intensity (BI) and Bias Harmfulness (BH), to characterize the impact of landmarks exerted on model reasoning, and establish a comprehensive benchmark, LandmarkBias-3K. To mitigate landmark bias, we further propose an evidence-driven reasoning framework, HoloGeo, to improve the reliability of geo-localization. HoloGeo is supported by a high-quality dataset, BF-30k, annotated with structured multi-evidence bias-free reasoning chains. By incorporating multi-dimensional rewards, HoloGeo explicitly encourages balanced attention over diverse visual cues and achieves evidence-driven joint reasoning. Extensive experiments demonstrate that HoloGeo not only maintains excellent performance on IM2GPS3K and YFCC4k but also significantly outperforms existing open-source VLMs on LandmarkBias-3K, validating its effectiveness for robust geospatial reasoning.

cs.CV

Locker-based Truck-Drone Routing with Integrated Considerations of Pickups, Deliveries, and No-Fly Zones

Truck-drone delivery is an emerging last-mile logistics mode combining the long-haul capacity of trucks with the flexible service capability of drones. In locker-based operations, smart lockers serve not only as temporary parcel storage facilities but also as automated drone docking and service nodes. These automated nodes support drone takeoff, landing, parcel handover, and battery replacement, thereby significantly extending the service range and operational flexibility of drone-assisted delivery networks. However, practical locker-based delivery systems face complex real-world challenges, requiring the integrated coordination of not only parcel delivery, return pickup, battery-constrained and load-dependent drone flights, but also necessary detours around restricted airspace. To address this practical and multifaceted challenge, this paper introduces a locker-based truck-drone routing problem with integrated considerations of pickups, deliveries, and no-fly zones (LTDRP-PDNF), with the objective of minimizing the total operational cost of a fleet of drone-equipped trucks. We formulate the route construction process as a Markov Decision Process and develop a two-stage deep reinforcement learning-based neural heuristic. The first stage utilizes an attention-based encoder and a Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit decoder to solve the truck-only routing problem, formulated as a capacitated vehicle routing problem. The second stage combines a policy-transfer strategy with a hybrid dispatch assignment heuristic to construct fully coordinated truck and drone routes for LTDRP-PDNF. Experiments on instances of different scales demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms metaheuristic and neural heuristic baselines in most cases while maintaining exceptionally short computation times, offering an effective, scalable solution framework under practical operational constraints.

cs.RO

Five Constructions of Asymptotically Optimal Aperiodic Doppler Resilient Complementary Sequence Sets with New Parameters

Sequences exhibiting favorable ambiguity function characteristics play a critical role in radar detection systems and modern mobile communication applications. As a newly developed sequence family, Doppler resilient complementary sequence sets (DRCSSs) can effectively suppress ambiguity function sidelobes by coherently combining the ambiguity functions of their constituent subsequences. The objective of this paper is to present five classes of asymptotically optimal aperiodic DRCSSs with novel parameters based on trace functions over finite fields and column orthogonal complex matrices. Compared with existing asymptotically optimal aperiodic DRCSSs in the literature, the proposed aperiodic DRCSSs deliver superior or novel parameters. Notably, for three families of the constructed aperiodic DRCSSs, the column sequence peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is upper bounded by p by selecting suitable column orthogonal complex matrices.

cs.IT

Large Wireless Foundation Models: Stronger over Bigger

AI-communication integration is widely regarded as a core enabling technology for 6G. Most existing AI-based physical-layer designs rely on task-specific models that are separately tailored to individual modules, resulting in poor generalization. In contrast, communication systems are inherently general-purpose and should support broad applicability and robustness across diverse scenarios. Foundation models offer a promising solution through strong reasoning and generalization, yet wireless-system constraints hinder a direct transfer of large language model (LLM)-style success to the wireless domain. Therefore, we introduce the concept of large wireless foundation models (LWFMs) and present a novel framework for empowering the physical layer with foundation models under wireless constraints. Specifically, we propose two paradigms for realizing LWFMs, including leveraging existing general-purpose foundation models and building novel wireless foundation models. Based on recent progress, we distill two roadmaps for each paradigm and formulate design principles under wireless constraints. We further provide case studies of LWFM-empowered wireless systems to intuitively validate their advantages. Finally, we characterize the notion of "large" in LWFMs through a multidimensional analysis of existing work and outline promising directions for future research.

eess.SP

DSConv: Dynamic Splitting Convolution for Pansharpening

Aiming to obtain a high-resolution image, pansharpening involves the fusion of a multi-spectral image (MS) and a panchromatic image (PAN), the low-level vision task remaining significant and challenging in contemporary research. Most existing approaches rely predominantly on standard convolutions, few making the effort to adaptive convolutions, which are effective owing to the inter-pixel correlations of remote sensing images. In this paper, we propose a novel strategy for dynamically splitting convolution kernels in conjunction with attention, selecting positions of interest, and splitting the original convolution kernel into multiple smaller kernels, named DSConv. The proposed DSConv more effectively extracts features of different positions within the receptive field, enhancing the network's generalization, optimization, and feature representation capabilities. Furthermore, we innovate and enrich concepts of dynamic splitting convolution and provide a novel network architecture for pansharpening capable of achieving the tasks more efficiently, building upon this methodology. Adequate fair experiments illustrate the effectiveness and the state-of-the-art performance attained by DSConv.Comprehensive and rigorous discussions proved the superiority and optimal usage conditions of DSConv.

cs.CV

WiFo-CF: Wireless Foundation Model for CSI Feedback

Deep learning-based channel state information (CSI) feedback schemes demonstrate strong compression capabilities but are typically constrained to fixed system configurations, limiting their generalization and flexibility. To address this challenge, WiFo-CF, a novel wireless foundation model tailored for CSI feedback, is proposed, uniquely accommodating heterogeneous configurations such as varying channel dimensions, feedback rates, and data distributions within a unified framework through its key innovations: (1) a multi-user, multi-rate self-supervised pre-training strategy; and (2) a Mixture of Shared and Routed Expert (S-R MoE) architecture. Supporting the large-scale pre-training of WiFo-CF is the first heterogeneous channel feedback dataset, whose diverse patterns enable the model to achieve superior performance on both in-distribution and out-of-distribution data across simulated and real-world scenarios. Furthermore, the learned representations effectively facilitate adaptation to downstream tasks such as CSI-based indoor localization, validating WiFo-CF's scalability and deployment potential.

eess.SP

Foundation Model Empowered Synesthesia of Machines (SoM): AI-native Intelligent Multi-Modal Sensing-Communication Integration

To support future intelligent multifunctional sixth-generation (6G) wireless communication networks, Synesthesia of Machines (SoM) is proposed as a novel paradigm for artificial intelligence (AI)-native intelligent multi-modal sensing-communication integration. However, existing SoM system designs rely on task-specific AI models and face challenges such as scarcity of massive high-quality datasets, constrained modeling capability, poor generalization, and limited universality. Recently, foundation models (FMs) have emerged as a new deep learning paradigm and have been preliminarily applied to SoM-related tasks, but a systematic design framework is still lacking. In this paper, we for the first time present a systematic categorization of FMs for SoM system design, dividing them into general-purpose FMs, specifically large language models (LLMs), and SoM domain-specific FMs, referred to as wireless foundation models. Furthermore, we derive key characteristics of FMs in addressing existing challenges in SoM systems and propose two corresponding roadmaps, i.e., LLM-based and wireless foundation model-based design. For each roadmap, we provide a framework containing key design steps as a guiding pipeline and several representative case studies of FM-empowered SoM system design. Specifically, we propose LLM-based path loss generation (LLM4PG) and scatterer generation (LLM4SG) schemes, and wireless channel foundation model (WiCo) for SoM mechanism exploration, LLM-based wireless multi-task SoM transceiver (LLM4WM) and wireless foundation model (WiFo) for SoM-enhanced transceiver design, and wireless cooperative perception foundation model (WiPo) for SoM-enhanced cooperative perception, demonstrating the significant superiority of FMs over task-specific models. Finally, we summarize and highlight potential directions for future research.

eess.SP

Multi-Granularity Vision Fastformer with Fusion Mechanism for Skin Lesion Segmentation

Background:Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN) and Vision Transformers(ViT) are the main techniques used in Medical image segmentation. However, CNN is limited to local contextual information, and ViT's quadratic complexity results in significant computational costs. At the same time, equipping the model to distinguish lesion boundaries with varying degrees of severity is also a challenge encountered in skin lesion segmentation. Purpose:This research aims to optimize the balance between computational costs and long-range dependency modelling and achieve excellent generalization across lesions with different degrees of severity. Methods:we propose a lightweight U-shape network that utilizes Vision Fastformer with Fusion Mechanism (VFFM-UNet). We inherit the advantages of Fastformer's additive attention mechanism, combining element-wise product and matrix product for comprehensive feature extraction and channel reduction to save computational costs. In order to accurately identify the lesion boundaries with varying degrees of severity, we designed Fusion Mechanism including Multi-Granularity Fusion and Channel Fusion, which can process the feature maps in the granularity and channel levels to obtain different contextual information. Results:Comprehensive experiments on the ISIC2017, ISIC2018 and PH2 datasets demonstrate that VFFM-UNet outperforms existing state-of-the-art models regarding parameter numbers, computational complexity and segmentation performance. In short, compared to MISSFormer, our model achieves superior segmentation performance while reducing parameter and computation costs by 101x and 15x, respectively. Conclusions:Both quantitative and qualitative analyses show that VFFM-UNet sets a new benchmark by reaching an ideal balance between parameter numbers, computational complexity, and segmentation performance compared to existing state-of-the-art models.

cs.CV

Convergence analysis of a solver for the linear Poisson--Boltzmann model

This work investigates the convergence of a domain decomposition method for the Poisson-Boltzmann model that can be formulated as an interior-exterior transmission problem. To study its convergence, we introduce an interior-exterior constant providing an upper bound of the $L^2$ norm of any harmonic function in the interior, and establish a spectral equivalence for related Dirichlet-to-Neumann operators to estimate the spectrum of interior-exterior iteration operator. This analysis is nontrivial due to the unboundedness of the exterior subdomain, which distinguishes it from the classical analysis of the Schwarz alternating method with nonoverlapping bounded subdomains. It is proved that for the linear Poisson-Boltzmann solvent model in reality, the convergence of interior-exterior iteration is ensured when the relaxation parameter lies between 0 and 2. This convergence result interprets the good performance of ddLPB method developed in [SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing, 41 (2019), pp. B320-B350] where the relaxation parameter is set to 1. Numerical simulations are conducted to verify our convergence analysis and to investigate the optimal relaxation parameter for the interior-exterior iteration.

math.NA