arXiv subjects

Xueliang Li

Publications and source records attributed to Xueliang Li.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

arXiv2014

Skew Randić Matrix and Skew Randić Energy

Let $G$ be a simple graph with an orientation $σ$, which assigns to each edge a direction so that $G^σ$ becomes a directed graph. $G$ is said to be the underlying graph of the directed graph $G^σ$. In this paper, we define a weighted skew adjacency matrix with Randć weight, the skew Randić matrix ${\bf R_S}(G^σ)$, of $G^σ$ as the real skew symmetric matrix $[(r_s)_{ij}]$ where $(r_s)_{ij} = (d_id_j)^{-\frac{1}{2}}$ and $(r_s)_{ji} = -(d_id_j)^{-\frac{1}{2}}$ if $v_i \rightarrow v_j$ is an arc of $G^σ$, otherwise $(r_s)_{ij} = (r_s)_{ji} = 0$. We derive some properties of the skew Randić energy of an oriented graph. Most properties are similar to those for the skew energy of oriented graphs. But, surprisingly, the extremal oriented graphs with maximum or minimum skew Randić energy are completely different.

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arXiv2014

Erdős-Gallai-type results for colorful monochromatic connectivity of a graph

A path in an edge-colored graph is called a \emph{monochromatic path} if all the edges on the path are colored the same. An edge-coloring of $G$ is a \emph{monochromatic connection coloring} (MC-coloring, for short) if there is a monochromatic path joining any two vertices in $G$. The \emph{monochromatic connection number}, denoted by $mc(G)$, is defined to be the maximum number of colors used in an MC-coloring of a graph $G$. These concepts were introduced by Caro and Yuster, and they got some nice results. In this paper, we will study two kinds of Erdős-Gallai-type problems for $mc(G)$, and completely solve them.

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arXiv2014

Solution to a conjecture on the maximum skew-spectral radius of odd-cycle graphs

Let $G$ be a simple graph with no even cycle, called an odd-cycle graph. Cavers et al. [Cavers et al. Skew-adjacency matrices of graphs, Linear Algebra Appl. 436(2012), 4512--1829] showed that the spectral radius of $G^σ$ is the same for every orientation $σ$ of $G$, and equals the maximum matching root of $G$. They proposed a conjecture that the graphs which attain the maximum skew spectral radius among the odd-cycle graphs $G$ of order $n$ are isomorphic to the odd-cycle graph with one vertex degree $n-1$ and size $m=\lfloor 3(n-1)/2\rfloor$. This paper, by using the Kelmans transformation, gives a proof of the conjecture. Moreover, sharp upper bounds of the maximum matching roots of the odd-cycle graphs with given order $n$ and size $m$ are given and extremal graphs are characterized.

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arXiv2014

Novel Inequalities for Generalized Graph Entropies Revisited, Graph Energies and Topological Indices

The entropy of a graph is an information-theoretic quantity which expresses the complexity of a graph \cite{DM1,M}. After Shannon introduced the definition of entropy to information and communication, many generalizations of the entropy measure have been proposed, such as Rényi entropy and Daròczy's entropy. In this article, we prove accurate connections (inequalities) between generalized graph entropies, distinct graph energies and topological indices. Additionally, we obtain some extremal properties of nine generalized graph entropies by employing distinct graph energies and topological indices.

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arXiv2014

On graphs with maximum Harary spectral radius

Let $G$ be a simple graph with vertex set $V(G) = \{v_1 ,v_2 ,\cdots ,v_n\}$. The Harary matrix $RD(G)$ of $G$, which is initially called the reciprocal distance matrix, is an $n \times n$ matrix whose $(i,j)$-entry is equal to $\frac{1}{d_{ij}}$ if $i\not=j$ and $0$ otherwise, where $d_{ij}$ is the distance of $v_i$ and $v_j$ in $G$. In this paper, we characterize graphs with maximum spectral radius of Harary matrix in three classes of simple connected graphs with $n$ vertices: graphs with fixed matching number, bipartite graphs with fixed matching number, and graphs with given number of cut edges, respectively.

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arXiv2014

An extension of Mantel's theorem to random 4-uniform hypergraphs

A sparse version of Mantel's Theorem is that, for sufficiently large $p$, with high probability (w.h.p.), every maximum triangle-free subgraph of $G(n,p)$ is bipartite. DeMarco and Kahn proved this for $p>K \sqrt{\log n/n}$ for some constant $K$, and apart from the value of the constant, this bound is the best possible. Denote by $T_3$ the 3-uniform hypergraph with vertex set $\{a,b,c,d,e\}$ and edge set $\{abc,ade,bde\}$. Frankl and Füredi showed that the maximum 3-uniform hypergraph on $n$ vertices containing no copy of $T_3$ is tripartite for $n> 3000$. For some integer $k$, let $G^k(n,p)$ be the random $k$-uniform hypergraph. Balogh et al. proved that for $p>K \log n/n$ for some constant $K$, every maximum $T_3$-free subhypergraph of $G^3(n,p)$ w.h.p. is tripartite and it does not hold when $p=0.1 \sqrt{\log n}/n$. Denote by $T_4$ the 4-uniform hypergraph with vertex set $\{1,2,3,4,5,6,7\}$ and edge set $\{1234,1235,4567\}$. Pikhurko proved that there is an $n_0$ such that for all $n\ge n_0$, the maximum 4-uniform hypergraph on $n$ vertices containing no copy of $T_4$ is 4-partite. In this paper, we extend this type of extremal problem in random 4-uniform hypergraphs. We show that for some constant $K$ and $p>K \log n/n$, w.h.p. every maximum $T_4$-free subhypergraph of $G^4(n,p)$ is 4-partite.

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arXiv2014

Note on the upper bound of the rainbow index of a graph

A path in an edge-colored graph $G$, where adjacent edges may be colored the same, is a rainbow path if every two edges of it receive distinct colors. The rainbow connection number of a connected graph $G$, denoted by $rc(G)$, is the minimum number of colors that are needed to color the edges of $G$ such that there exists a rainbow path connecting every two vertices of $G$. Similarly, a tree in $G$ is a rainbow~tree if no two edges of it receive the same color. The minimum number of colors that are needed in an edge-coloring of $G$ such that there is a rainbow tree connecting $S$ for each $k$-subset $S$ of $V(G)$ is called the $k$-rainbow index of $G$, denoted by $rx_k(G)$, where $k$ is an integer such that $2\leq k\leq n$. Chakraborty et al. got the following result: For every $ε> 0$, a connected graph with minimum degree at least $εn$ has bounded rainbow connection, where the bound depends only on $ε$. Krivelevich and Yuster proved that if $G$ has $n$ vertices and the minimum degree $δ(G)$ then $rc(G)<20n/δ(G)$. This bound was later improved to $3n/(δ(G)+1)+3$ by Chandran et al. Since $rc(G)=rx_2(G)$, a natural problem arises: for a general $k$ determining the true behavior of $rx_k(G)$ as a function of the minimum degree $δ(G)$. In this paper, we give upper bounds of $rx_k(G)$ in terms of the minimum degree $δ(G)$ in different ways, namely, via Szemerédi's Regularity Lemma, connected $2$-step dominating sets, connected $(k-1)$-dominating sets and $k$-dominating sets of $G$.

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arXiv2014

Lower bounds of the skew spectral radii and skew energy of oriented graphs

Let $G$ be a graph with maximum degree $Δ$, and let $G^σ$ be an oriented graph of $G$ with skew adjacency matrix $S(G^σ)$. The skew spectral radius $ρ_s(G^σ)$ of $G^σ$ is defined as the spectral radius of $S(G^σ)$. The skew spectral radius has been studied, but only few results about its lower bound are known. This paper determines some lower bounds of the skew spectral radius, and then studies the oriented graphs whose skew spectral radii attain the lower bound $\sqrtΔ$. Moreover, we apply the skew spectral radius to the skew energy of oriented graphs, which is defined as the sum of the norms of all the eigenvalues of $S(G^σ)$, and denoted by $\mathcal{E}_s(G^σ)$. As results, we obtain some lower bounds of the skew energy, which improve the known lower bound obtained by Adiga et al.

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arXiv2014

Randić Incidence Energy of Graphs

Let $G$ be a simple graph with vertex set $V(G) = \{v_1, v_2,\ldots, v_n\}$ and edge set $E(G) = \{e_1, e_2,\ldots, e_m\}$. Similar to the Randić matrix, here we introduce the Randić incidence matrix of a graph $G$, denoted by $I_R(G)$, which is defined as the $n\times m$ matrix whose $(i, j)$-entry is $(d_i)^{-\frac{1}{2}}$ if $v_i$ is incident to $e_j$ and $0$ otherwise. Naturally, the Randić incidence energy $I_RE$ of $G$ is the sum of the singular values of $I_R(G)$. We establish lower and upper bounds for the Randić incidence energy. Graphs for which these bounds are best possible are characterized. Moreover, we investigate the relation between the Randić incidence energy of a graph and that of its subgraphs. Also we give a sharp upper bound for the Randić incidence energy of a bipartite graph and determine the trees with the maximum Randić incidence energy among all $n$-vertex trees. As a result, some results are very different from those for incidence energy.

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arXiv2014

On a Problem of Harary and Schwenk on Graphs with Distinct Eigenvalues

Harary and Schwenk posed the problem forty years ago: Which graphs have distinct adjacency eigenvalues? In this paper, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for an Hermitian matrix with simple spectral radius and distinct eigenvalues. As its application, we give an algebraic characterization to the Harary-Schwenk's problem. As an extension of their problem, we also obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for a positive semidefinite matrix with simple least eigenvalue and distinct eigenvalues, which can provide an algebraic characterization to their problem with respect to the (normalized) Laplacian matrix.

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arXiv2014

The skew-rank of oriented graphs

An oriented graph $G^σ$ is a digraph without loops and multiple arcs, where $G$ is called the underlying graph of $G^σ$. Let $S(G^σ)$ denote the skew-adjacency matrix of $G^σ$. The rank of the skew-adjacency matrix of $G^σ$ is called the {\it skew-rank} of $G^σ$, denoted by $sr(G^σ)$. The skew-adjacency matrix of an oriented graph is skew symmetric and the skew-rank is even. In this paper we consider the skew-rank of simple oriented graphs. Firstly we give some preliminary results about the skew-rank. Secondly we characterize the oriented graphs with skew-rank 2 and characterize the oriented graphs with pendant vertices which attain the skew-rank 4. As a consequence, we list the oriented unicyclic graphs, the oriented bicyclic graphs with pendant vertices which attain the skew-rank 4. Moreover, we determine the skew-rank of oriented unicyclic graphs of order $n$ with girth $k$ in terms of matching number. We investigate the minimum value of the skew-rank among oriented unicyclic graphs of order $n$ with girth $k$ and characterize oriented unicyclic graphs attaining the minimum value. In addition, we consider oriented unicyclic graphs whose skew-adjacency matrices are nonsingular.

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arXiv2014

Randić energy and Randić eigenvalues

Let $G$ be a graph of order $n$, and $d_i$ the degree of a vertex $v_i$ of $G$. The Randić matrix ${\bf R}=(r_{ij})$ of $G$ is defined by $r_{ij} = 1 / \sqrt{d_jd_j}$ if the vertices $v_i$ and $v_j$ are adjacent in $G$ and $r_{ij}=0$ otherwise. The normalized signless Laplacian matrix $\mathcal{Q}$ is defined as $\mathcal{Q} =I+\bf{R}$, where $I$ is the identity matrix. The Randić energy is the sum of absolute values of the eigenvalues of $\bf{R}$. In this paper, we find a relation between the normalized signless Laplacian eigenvalues of $G$ and the Randić energy of its subdivided graph $S(G)$. We also give a necessary and sufficient condition for a graph to have exactly $k$ and distinct Randić eigenvalues.

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arXiv2014

On maximum Estrada indices of bipartite graphs with some given parameters

The Estrada index of a graph $G$ is defined as $EE(G)=\sum_{i=1}^ne^{λ_i}$, where $λ_1,$ $ λ_2,\ldots, λ_n$ are the eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix of $G$. In this paper, we characterize the unique bipartite graph with maximum Estrada index among bipartite graphs with given matching number and given vertex-connectivity, edge-connectivity, respectively.

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arXiv2014

The 3-rainbow index and connected dominating sets

A tree in an edge-colored graph is said to be rainbow if no two edges on the tree share the same color. An edge-coloring of $G$ is called 3-rainbow if for any three vertices in $G$, there exists a rainbow tree connecting them. The 3-rainbow index $rx_3(G)$ of $G$ is defined as the minimum number of colors that are needed in a 3-rainbow coloring of $G$. This concept, introduced by Chartrand et al., can be viewed as a generalization of the rainbow connection. In this paper, we study the 3-rainbow index by using connected three-way dominating sets and 3-dominating sets. We shown that for every connected graph $G$ on $n$ vertices with minimum degree at least $δ$ ($3\leqδ\leq5$), $rx_{3}(G)\leq \frac{3n}{δ+1}+4$, and the bound is tight up to an additive constant; whereas for every connected graph $G$ on $n$ vertices with minimum degree at least $δ$ ($δ\geq3$), we get that $rx_{3}(G)\leq n\frac{ln(δ+1)}{δ+1}(1+o_δ(1))+5$. In addition, we obtain some tight upper bounds of the 3-rainbow index for some special graph classes, including threshold graphs, chain graphs and interval graphs.

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arXiv2014

Polynomial reconstruction of the matching polynomial

The matching polynomial of a graph is the generating function of the numbers of its matchings with respect to their cardinality. A graph polynomial is polynomial reconstructible, if its value for a graph can be determined from its values for the vertex-deleted subgraphs of the same graph. This note discusses the polynomial reconstructibility of the matching polynomial. We collect previous results, prove it for graphs with pendant edges and disprove it for some graphs.

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arXiv2014

Formally self-dual linear binary codes from circulant graphs

In 2002, Tonchev first constructed some linear binary codes defined by the adjacency matrices of undirected graphs. So, graph is an important tool for searching optimum codes. In this paper, we introduce a new method of searching (proposed) optimum formally self-dual linear binary codes from circulant graphs.

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arXiv2014

Additive codes over $GF(4)$ from circulant graphs

In $2006$, Danielsen and Parker \cite{DP} proved that every self-dual additive code over $GF(4)$ is equivalent to a graph code. So, graph is an important tool for searching (proposed) optimum codes. In this paper, we introduce a new method of searching (proposed) optimum additive codes from circulant graphs.

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arXiv2014

On a conjecture about tricyclic graphs with maximal energy

For a given simple graph $G$, the energy of $G$, denoted by $\mathcal {E}(G)$, is defined as the sum of the absolute values of all eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix, which was defined by I. Gutman. The problem on determining the maximal energy tends to be complicated for a given class of graphs. There are many approaches on the maximal energy of trees, unicyclic graphs and bicyclic graphs, respectively. Let $P^{6,6,6}_n$ denote the graph with $n\geq 20$ vertices obtained from three copies of $C_6$ and a path $P_{n-18}$ by adding a single edge between each of two copies of $C_6$ to one endpoint of the path and a single edge from the third $C_6$ to the other endpoint of the $P_{n-18}$. Very recently, Aouchiche et al. [M. Aouchiche, G. Caporossi, P. Hansen, Open problems on graph eigenvalues studied with AutoGraphiX, {\it Europ. J. Comput. Optim.} {\bf 1}(2013), 181--199] put forward the following conjecture: Let $G$ be a tricyclic graphs on $n$ vertices with $n=20$ or $n\geq22$, then $\mathcal{E}(G)\leq \mathcal{E}(P_{n}^{6,6,6})$ with equality if and only if $G\cong P_{n}^{6,6,6}$. Let $G(n;a,b,k)$ denote the set of all connected bipartite tricyclic graphs on $n$ vertices with three vertex-disjoint cycles $C_{a}$, $C_{b}$ and $C_{k}$, where $n\geq 20$. In this paper, we try to prove that the conjecture is true for graphs in the class $G\in G(n;a,b,k)$, but as a consequence we can only show that this is true for most of the graphs in the class except for 9 families of such graphs.

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