arXiv subjects

Xueliang Li

Publications and source records attributed to Xueliang Li.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources

arXiv2013

Degree powers in $C_5$-free graphs

Let $G$ be a graph with degree sequence $d_1,d_2,\ldots,d_n$. Given a positive integer $p$, denote by $e_p(G)=\sum_{i=1}^n d_i^p$. Caro and Yuster introduced a Turán-type problem for $e_p(G)$: given an integer $p$, how large can $e_p(G)$ be if $G$ has no subgraph of a particular type. They got some results for the subgraph of particular type to be a clique of order $r+1$ and a cycle of even length, respectively. Denote by $ex_p(n,H)$ the maximum value of $e_p(G)$ taken over all graphs with $n$ vertices that do not contain $H$ as a subgraph. Clearly, $ex_1(n,H)=2ex(n,H)$, where $ex(n,H)$ denotes the classical Turán number. In this paper, we consider $ex_p(n, C_5)$ and prove that for any positive integer $p$ and sufficiently large $n$, there exists a constant $c=c(p)$ such that the following holds: if $ex_p(n, C_5)=e_p(G)$ for some $C_5$-free graph $G$ of order $n$, then $G$ is a complete bipartite graph having one vertex class of size $cn+o(n)$ and the other $(1-c)n+o(n)$.

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arXiv2013

New skew Laplacian energy of a simple digraph

For a simple digraph $G$ of order $n$ with vertex set $\{v_1,v_2,\ldots, v_n\}$, let $d_i^+$ and $d_i^-$ denote the out-degree and in-degree of a vertex $v_i$ in $G$, respectively. Let $D^+(G)=diag(d_1^+,d_2^+,\ldots,d_n^+)$ and $D^-(G)=diag(d_1^-,d_2^-,\ldots,d_n^-)$. In this paper we introduce $\widetilde{SL}(G)=\widetilde{D}(G)-S(G)$ to be a new kind of skew Laplacian matrix of $G$, where $\widetilde{D}(G)=D^+(G)-D^-(G)$ and $S(G)$ is the skew-adjacency matrix of $G$, and from which we define the skew Laplacian energy $SLE(G)$ of $G$ as the sum of the norms of all the eigenvalues of $\widetilde{SL}(G)$. Some lower and upper bounds of the new skew Laplacian energy are derived and the digraphs attaining these bounds are also determined.

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arXiv2013

Further hardness results on the generalized connectivity of graphs

The generalized $k$-connectivity $κ_k(G)$ of a graph $G$ was introduced by Chartrand et al. in 1984, which is a nice generalization of the classical connectivity. Recently, as a natural counterpart, Li et al. proposed the concept of generalized edge-connectivity for a graph. In this paper, we determine the computational complexity of the generalized connectivity and generalized edge-connectivity of a graph. Two conjectures are also proved to be true.

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arXiv2013

On extremal graphs with at most $\ell$ internally disjoint Steiner trees connecting any n-1 vertices

The concept of maximum local connectivity $\bar κ$ of a graph was introduced by Bollobás. One of the problems about it is to determine the largest number of edges $f(n;\barκ\leq \ell)$ for graphs of order $n$ that have local connectivity at most $\ell$. We consider a generalization of the above concept and problem. For $S\subseteq V(G)$ and $|S|\geq 2$, the \emph{generalized local connectivity} $κ(S)$ is the maximum number of internally disjoint trees connecting $S$ in $G$. The parameter $\barκ_k(G)=max\{κ(S)|S\subseteq V(G),|S|=k\}$ is called the \emph{maximum generalized local connectivity} of $G$. This paper it to consider the problem of determining the largest number $f(n;\barκ_k\leq \ell)$ of edges for graphs of order $n$ that have maximum generalized local connectivity at most $\ell$. The exact value of $f(n;\barκ_k\leq \ell)$ for $k=n,n-1$ is determined. For a general $k$, we construct a graph to obtain a sharp lower bound.

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arXiv2013

On oriented graphs with minimal skew energy

Let $S(G^σ)$ be the skew-adjacency matrix of an oriented graph $G^σ$. The skew energy of $G^σ$ is defined as the sum of all singular values of its skew-adjacency matrix $S(G^σ)$. In this paper, we first deduce an integral formula for the skew energy of an oriented graph. Then we determine all oriented graphs with minimal skew energy among all connected oriented graphs on $n$ vertices with $m \ (n\le m < 2(n-2))$ arcs, which is an analogy to the conjecture for the energy of undirected graphs proposed by Caporossi {\it et al.} [G. Caporossi, D. Cvetkovi$\acute{c}$, I. Gutman, P. Hansen, Variable neighborhood search for extremal graphs. 2. Finding graphs with external energy, J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 39 (1999) 984-996.]

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arXiv2013

Rainbow connection number and independence number of a graph

Let $G$ be an edge-colored connected graph. A path of $G$ is called rainbow if its every edge is colored by a distinct color. $G$ is called rainbow connected if there exists a rainbow path between every two vertices of $G$. The minimum number of colors that are needed to make $G$ rainbow connected is called the rainbow connection number of $G$, denoted by $rc(G)$. In this paper, we investigate the relation between the rainbow connection number and the independence number of a graph. We show that if $G$ is a connected graph, then $rc(G)\leq 2α(G)-1$. Two examples $G$ are given to show that the upper bound $2α(G)-1$ is equal to the diameter of $G$, and therefore the best possible since the diameter is a lower bound of $rc(G)$.

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arXiv2013

4-Regular oriented graphs with optimum skew energy

Let $G$ be a simple undirected graph, and $G^σ$ be an oriented graph of $G$ with the orientation $σ$ and skew-adjacency matrix $S(G^σ)$. The skew energy of the oriented graph $G^σ$, denoted by $\mathcal{E}_S(G^σ)$, is defined as the sum of the absolute values of all the eigenvalues of $S(G^σ)$. In this paper, we characterize the underlying graphs of all 4-regular oriented graphs with optimum skew energy and give orientations of these underlying graphs such that the skew energy of the resultant oriented graphs indeed attain optimum. It should be pointed out that there are infinitely many 4-regular connected optimum skew energy oriented graphs, while the 3-regular case only has two graphs: $K_4$ the complete graph on 4 vertices and $Q_3$ the hypercube.

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arXiv2013

The generalized 3-connectivity of random graphs

The generalized connectivity of a graph $G$ was introduced by Chartrand et al. Let $S$ be a nonempty set of vertices of $G$, and $κ(S)$ be defined as the largest number of internally disjoint trees $T_1, T_2, \cdots, T_k$ connecting $S$ in $G$. Then for an integer $r$ with $2 \leq r \leq n$, the {\it generalized $r$-connectivity} $κ_r(G)$ of $G$ is the minimum $κ(S)$ where $S$ runs over all the $r$-subsets of the vertex set of $G$. Obviously, $κ_2(G)=κ(G)$, is the vertex connectivity of $G$, and hence the generalized connectivity is a natural generalization of the vertex connectivity. Similarly, let $λ(S)$ denote the largest number $k$ of pairwise edge-disjoint trees $T_1, T_2, \ldots, T_k$ connecting $S$ in $G$. Then the {\it generalized $r$-edge-connectivity} $λ_r(G)$ of $G$ is defined as the minimum $λ(S)$ where $S$ runs over all the $r$-subsets of the vertex set of $G$. Obviously, $λ_2(G) = λ(G)$. In this paper, we study the generalized 3-connectivity of random graphs and prove that for every fixed integer $k\geq 1$, $$p=\frac{\log n+(k+1)\log \log n -\log \log \log n}{n}$$ is a sharp threshold function for the property $κ_3(G(n, p)) \geq k$, which could be seen as a counterpart of Bollobás and Thomason's result for vertex connectivity. Moreover, we obtain that $δ(G(n,p)) - 1 = λ(G(n,p)) - 1 = κ(G(n,p)) - 1 \le {κ_3}(G(n,p)) \le {λ_3}(G(n,p)) \le κ(G(n,p)) = λ(G(n,p)) = δ(G(n,p))$ almost surely holds, which could be seen as a counterpart of Ivchenko's result.

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arXiv2013

A Turán-type problem on degree sequence

Given $p\geq 0$ and a graph $G$ whose degree sequence is $d_1,d_2,\ldots,d_n$, let $e_p(G)=\sum_{i=1}^n d_i^p$. Caro and Yuster introduced a Turán-type problem for $e_p(G)$: given $p\geq 0$, how large can $e_p(G)$ be if $G$ has no subgraph of a particular type. Denote by $ex_p(n,H)$ the maximum value of $e_p(G)$ taken over all graphs with $n$ vertices that do not contain $H$ as a subgraph. Clearly, $ex_1(n,H)=2ex(n,H)$, where $ex(n,H)$ denotes the classical Turán number, i.e., the maximum number of edges among all $H$-free graphs with $n$ vertices. Pikhurko and Taraz generalize this Turán-type problem: let $f$ be a non-negative increasing real function and $e_f(G)=\sum_{i=1}^n f(d_i)$, and then define $ex_f(n,H)$ as the maximum value of $e_f(G)$ taken over all graphs with $n$ vertices that do not contain $H$ as a subgraph. Observe that $ex_f(n,H)=ex(n,H)$ if $f(x)=x/2$, $ex_f(n,H)=ex_p(n,H)$ if $f(x)=x^p$. Bollobás and Nikiforov mentioned that it is important to study concrete functions. They gave an example $f(x)=ϕ(k)={x\choose k}$, since $\sum_{i=1}^n{d_i\choose k}$ counts the $(k+1)$-vertex subgraphs of $G$ with a dominating vertex. Denote by $T_r(n)$ the $r$-partite Turán graph of order $n$. In this paper, using the Bollobás--Nikiforov's methods, we give some results on $ex_ϕ(n,K_{r+1})$ $(r\geq 2)$ as follows: for $k=1,2$, $ex_ϕ(n,K_{r+1})=e_ϕ(T_r(n))$; for each $k$, there exists a constant $c=c(k)$ such that for every $r\geq c(k)$ and sufficiently large $n$, $ex_ϕ(n,K_{r+1})=e_ϕ(T_r(n))$; for a fixed $(r+1)$-chromatic graph $H$ and every $k$, when $n$ is sufficiently large, we have $ex_ϕ(n,H)=e_ϕ(n,K_{r+1})+o(n^{k+1})$.

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arXiv2013

On extremal graphs with at most two internally disjoint Steiner trees connecting any three vertices

The problem of determining the smallest number of edges, $h(n;\barκ\geq r)$, which guarantees that any graph with $n$ vertices and $h(n;\barκ\geq r)$ edges will contain a pair of vertices joined by $r$ internally disjoint paths was posed by Erdös and Gallai. Bollobás considered the problem of determining the largest number of edges $f(n;\barκ\leq \ell)$ for graphs with $n$ vertices and local connectivity at most $\ell$. One can see that $f(n;\barκ\leq \ell)= h(n;\barκ\geq \ell+1)-1$. These two problems had received a wide attention of many researchers in the last few decades. In the above problems, only pairs of vertices connected by internally disjoint paths are considered. In this paper, we study the number of internally disjoint Steiner trees connecting sets of vertices with cardinality at least 3.

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arXiv2013

The skew energy of random oriented graphs

Given a graph $G$, let $G^σ$ be an oriented graph of $G$ with the orientation $σ$ and skew-adjacency matrix $S(G^σ)$. The skew energy of the oriented graph $G^σ$, denoted by $\mathcal{E}_S(G^σ)$, is defined as the sum of the absolute values of all the eigenvalues of $S(G^σ)$. In this paper, we study the skew energy of random oriented graphs and formulate an exact estimate of the skew energy for almost all oriented graphs by generalizing Wigner's semicircle law. Moreover, we consider the skew energy of random regular oriented graphs $G_{n,d}^σ$, and get an exact estimate of the skew energy for almost all regular oriented graphs.

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arXiv2013

On extremal graphs with exactly one Steiner tree connecting any $k$ vertices

The problem of determining the largest number $f(n;\barκ\leq \ell)$ of edges for graphs with $n$ vertices and maximal local connectivity at most $\ell$ was considered by Bollobás. Li et al. studied the largest number $f(n;\barκ_3\leq2)$ of edges for graphs with $n$ vertices and at most two internally disjoint Steiner trees connecting any three vertices. In this paper, we further study the largest number $f(n;\barκ_k=1)$ of edges for graphs with $n$ vertices and exactly one Steiner tree connecting any $k$ vertices with $k\geq 3$. It turns out that this is not an easy task to finish, not like the same problem for the classical connectivity parameter. We determine the exact values of $f(n;\barκ_k=1)$ for $k=3,4,n$, respectively, and characterize the graphs which attain each of these values.

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arXiv2013

Note on packing of edge-disjoint spanning trees in sparse random graphs

The \emph{spanning tree packing number} of a graph $G$ is the maximum number of edge-disjoint spanning trees contained in $G$. Let $k\geq 1$ be a fixed integer. Palmer and Spencer proved that in almost every random graph process, the hitting time for having $k$ edge-disjoint spanning trees equals the hitting time for having minimum degree $k$. In this paper, we prove that for any $p$ such that $(\log n+ω(1))/n\leq p\leq (1.1\log n)/n$, almost surely the random graph $G(n,p)$ satisfies that the spanning tree packing number is equal to the minimum degree. Note that this bound for $p$ will allow the minimum degree to be a function of $n$, and in this sense we improve the result of Palmer and Spencer. Moreover, we also obtain that for any $p$ such that $p\geq (51\log n)/n$, almost surely the random graph $G(n,p)$ satisfies that the spanning tree packing number is less than the minimum degree.

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arXiv2012

Solutions to conjectures on the $(k,\ell)$-rainbow index of complete graphs

The $(k,\ell)$-rainbow index $rx_{k, \ell}(G)$ of a graph $G$ was introduced by Chartrand et. al. For the complete graph $K_n$ of order $n\geq 6$, they showed that $rx_{3,\ell}(K_n)=3$ for $\ell=1,2$. Furthermore, they conjectured that for every positive integer $\ell$, there exists a positive integer $N$ such that $rx_{3,\ell}(K_{n})=3$ for every integer $n \geq N$. More generally, they conjectured that for every pair of positive integers $k$ and $\ell$ with $k\geq 3$, there exists a positive integer $N$ such that $rx_{k,\ell}(K_{n})=k$ for every integer $n \geq N$. This paper is to give solutions to these conjectures.

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arXiv2012

Nordhaus-Gaddum-type results for the generalized edge-connectivity of graphs

Let $G$ be a graph, $S$ be a set of vertices of $G$, and $λ(S)$ be the maximum number $\ell$ of pairwise edge-disjoint trees $T_1, T_2,..., T_{\ell}$ in $G$ such that $S\subseteq V(T_i)$ for every $1\leq i\leq \ell$. The generalized $k$-edge-connectivity $λ_k(G)$ of $G$ is defined as $λ_k(G)= min\{λ(S) | S\subseteq V(G) \ and \ |S|=k\}$. Thus $λ_2(G)=λ(G)$. In this paper, we consider the Nordhaus-Gaddum-type results for the parameter $λ_k(G)$. We determine sharp upper and lower bounds of $λ_k(G)+λ_k(\bar{G})$ and $λ_k(G)... λ_k(\bar{G})$ for a graph $G$ of order $n$, as well as for a graph of order $n$ and size $m$. Some graph classes attaining these bounds are also given.

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arXiv2012

Rainbow $k$-connectivity of random bipartite graphs

A path in an edge-colored graph $G$ is called a rainbow path if no two edges of the path are colored the same. The minimum number of colors required to color the edges of $G$ such that every pair of vertices are connected by at least $k$ internally vertex-disjoint rainbow paths is called the rainbow $k$-connectivity of the graph $G$, denoted by $rc_k(G)$. For the random graph $G(n,p)$, He and Liang got a sharp threshold function for the property $rc_k(G(n,p))\leq d$. In this paper, we extend this result to the case of random bipartite graph $G(m,n,p)$.

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arXiv2012

The (revised) Szeged index and the Wiener index of a nonbipartite graph

Hansen et. al. used the computer programm AutoGraphiX to study the differences between the Szeged index $Sz(G)$ and the Wiener index $W(G)$, and between the revised Szeged index $Sz^*(G)$ and the Wiener index for a connected graph $G$. They conjectured that for a connected nonbipartite graph $G$ with $n \geq 5$ vertices and girth $g \geq 5,$ $ Sz(G)-W(G) \geq 2n-5. $ Moreover, the bound is best possible as shown by the graph composed of a cycle on 5 vertices, $C_5$, and a tree $T$ on $n-4$ vertices sharing a single vertex. They also conjectured that for a connected nonbipartite graph $G$ with $n \geq 4$ vertices, $ Sz^*(G)-W(G) \geq \frac{n^2+4n-6}{4}. $ Moreover, the bound is best possible as shown by the graph composed of a cycle on 3 vertices, $C_3$, and a tree $T$ on $n-3$ vertices sharing a single vertex. In this paper, we not only give confirmative proofs to these two conjectures but also characterize those graphs that achieve the two lower bounds.

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arXiv2012

Rainbow connection number and the number of blocks

An edge-colored graph $G$ is rainbow connected if every pair of vertices of $G$ are connected by a path whose edges have distinct colors. The rainbow connection number $rc(G)$ of $G$ is defined to be the minimum integer $t$ such that there exists an edge-coloring of $G$ with $t$ colors that makes $G$ rainbow connected. For a graph $G$ without any cut vertex, i.e., a 2-connected graph, of order $n$, it was proved that $rc(G)\leq \lceil\frac n 2 \rceil$ and the bound is tight. In this paper, we prove that for a connected graph $G$ of order $n$ with cut vertices, $rc(G) \leq\frac{n+r-1} 2$, where $r$ is the number of blocks of $G$ with even orders, and the upper bound is tight. Moreover, we also obtain a tight upper bound for a bridgeless graph, i.e., a 2-edge-connected graph.

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