arXiv subjects

Xuhua He

Publications and source records attributed to Xuhua He.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Thickening realization and positivity properties of canonical bases

Let $\mathbf{U}$ be a quantum group associated with a symmetric Cartan datum, let $\dot{\mathbf{U}}$ be its modified form, and let $\dot{\mathbf{B}}$ be the canonical basis of $\dot{\mathbf{U}}$. Lusztig conjectured that the structure constants of the multiplication, comultiplication, and bilinear form in $\dot{\mathbf{U}}$ with respect to $\dot{\mathbf{B}}$ belong to $\mathbb{N}[v,v^{-1}]$. We introduce the \emph{thickening realization}, which relates $\dot{\mathbf{B}}$ to the canonical basis of the negative part of a larger quantum group $\tilde{\mathbf{U}}^-$. More precisely, it identifies the relevant structure constants in $\dot{\mathbf{U}}$ with the structure constants in $\tilde{\mathbf{U}}^-$. As consequences, we prove, for arbitrary symmetric Cartan datum, $\dot{\mathbf{B}}$ has the positivity properties for the comultiplication and bilinear form, as well as the positivity for the multiplication whenever one factor is spherical parabolic. In particular, Lusztig's conjecture holds for simply-laced finite type. We also prove the canonical bases of a broad class of tensor products of integrable modules have the positivity properties for the transition matrices and actions by $\dot{\mathbf{B}}$.

math.QA↗

arXiv2026

Cohen-Macaulayness of Local Models via Shellability of the Admissible Set

We prove that for any dominant cocharacter $\mu$ and any parahoric level $K$, the augmented admissible set $\widehat{\Adm(\mu)^K}$ in the Iwahori-Weyl group is dual EL-shellable. This resolves a conjecture of G\"ortz and provides a new proof of the Cohen-Macaulay property for the special fibres of local models with parahoric level structure. In particular, the result settles the previously open cases of residue characteristic $2$ and non-reduced root systems. This approach is characteristic-free and intrinsic to the structure of admissible sets. Moreover, our construction yields an explicit shelling, which translates into an inductive, component-by-component building procedure for the special fibre that preserves Cohen-Macaulayness at each step. As a consequence, we obtain the Cohen-Macaulayness of many local models of Shimura varieties considered in the literature, most notably those satisfying the He-Pappas-Rapoport description, as well as the local models characterized by Scholze-Weinstein and constructed by Ansch\"utz-Gleason-Louren\c{c}o-Richarz. Via the usual local model diagram, these results imply the Cohen-Macaulay property for the corresponding integral models of Shimura varieties whenever available. This gives a new proof that the integral models constructed by Kisin-Pappas-Zhou are Cohen-Macaulay.

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arXiv2026

Total positivity in twisted flag varieties

Let $G$ be a Kac-Moody group, split over $\mathbb R$. The totally nonnegative part of $G$ and its (ordinary) flag variety $G/B^+$ was introduced by Lusztig. It is known that the totally nonnegative parts of $G$ and $G/B^+$ have remarkable combinatorial and topological properties. In this paper, we consider the totally nonnegative part of the $J$-twisted flag variety $G/{}^J B^+$, where ${}^J B^+$ is the Borel subgroup opposite to $B^+$ in the standard parabolic subgroup $P_J^+$ of $G$. The $J$-twisted flag varieties include the ordinary flag variety $G/B^+$ as a special case. Our main result show that the totally nonnegative part of $G/{}^J B^+$ decomposes into cells, and the closure of each cell is a regular CW complex. This generalizes the work of Galashin-Karp-Lam \cite{GKL22} and the joint work of Bao with the first author \cite{BH24} for ordinary flag varieties. As an application, we deduce that the totally nonnegative part of the double flag variety $G/B^+ \times G/B^-$ with respect to the diagonal $G$-action has similar nice properties. We also establish some connections between the totally nonnegative part of the double flag with the canonical basis of the tensor product of a lowest weight module with a highest weight module of $G$. As another application, we show that the link of identity in a totally nonnegative reduced double Bruhat cell of $G$ is a regular CW complex. This generalizes the work of Hersh \cite{Her14} on the link of $U_{\geq0}^-$ and gives a positive answer to an open question of Fomin and Zelevinsky.

math.RT↗

arXiv2025

Canonical bases of tensor products and positivity properties

Let $\mathbf{U}$ be a quantum group of symmetric type. We introduce the {\it thickening realization} to realize (a suitable approximation of) the tensor product ${^{\omega}\Lambda_{\lambda_1}}\otimes \Lambda_{\lambda_2}$ of a simple integrable lowest weight module and a highest weight module as a subquotient of the Verma module of a larger quantum group $\tilde{\mathbf{U}}$. For the canonical basis of the tensor product, we show that the entries of the transition matrix from the pure tensor basis to it, and the structure constants of the action by spherical parabolic subalgebras of the modified quantum group $\dot{\mathbf{U}}$ are given by the structure constants of the comultiplication and multiplication in the negative part $\tilde{\mathbf{U}}^-$ of $\tilde{\mathbf{U}}$ with respect to its canonical basis respectively. Thus, we deduce the positivity property of the canonical basis of the tensor product. In particular, we obtain the positivity property of the canonical bases for the action of $\dot{\mathbf{U}}$ on simple integrable highest weight modules, generalizing Lusztig's theorem from Chevalley generators to any canonical basis elements of $\dot{\mathbf{U}}$; for the action of Chevalley generators on ${^{\omega}\Lambda_{\lambda_1}}\otimes \Lambda_{\lambda_2}$; and for multiplication in $\dot{\mathbf{U}}$, as well as the actions on arbitrary tensor products. At $v=1$, these results connect to geometric total positivity on double flag varieties, explored in the joint work of He and Xie.

math.QA↗

arXiv2025

Dual Shellability of Admissible Set and Cohen-Macaulayness of Local Models

We prove Görtz's combinatorial conjecture \cite{Go01} on dual shellability of admissible sets in Iwahori-Weyl groups, proving that the augmented admissible set $\widehat{\mathrm{Adm}}(μ)$ is dual shellable for any dominant coweight $μ$. This provides a uniform, elementary approach to establishing Cohen-Macaulayness of the special fibers of the local models with Iwahori level structure for all reductive groups-including residue characteristic $2$ and non-reduced root systems-circumventing geometric methods. Local models, which encode singularities of Shimura varieties and moduli of shtukas, have seen extensive study since their introduction by Rapoport-Zink, with Cohen-Macaulayness remaining a central open problem. While previous work relied on case-specific geometric analyses (e.g., Frobenius splittings \cite{HR23} or compactifications \cite{He13}), our combinatorial proof yields an explicit labeling that constructs the special fiber by sequentially adding irreducible components while preserving Cohen-Macaulayness at each step, a new result even for split groups.

math.AG↗

arXiv2025

Irreducible components of affine Lusztig varieties

Let $\breve{G}$ be a loop group and $\tilde W$ be its Iwahori-Weyl group. The affine Lusztig variety $Y_w(γ)$ describes the intersection of the Bruhat cell $\mathcal{I} \dot{w} \mathcal{I}$ for $w \in \tilde W$ with the conjugacy class of $γ\in \breve{G}$, while the affine Deligne-Lusztig variety $X_w(b)$ describes the intersection of the Bruhat cell $\mathcal{I} \dot{w} \mathcal{I}$ with the Frobenius-twisted conjugacy class of $b \in \breve{G}$. Although the geometric connections between these varieties are unknown, numerical relations exist in their geometric properties. This paper explores the irreducible components of affine Lusztig varieties. The centralizer of $\g$ acts on $Y_w(\g)$ and the Frobenius-twisted centralizer of $b$ acts on $X_w(b)$. We relate the number of orbits on the top-dimensional components of $Y_w(γ)$ to the numbers of orbits on top-dimensional components of $X_w(b)$ and the affine Springer fibers. For split groups and elements $γ$ with integral Newton points, we show that, for most $w$, the numbers of orbits for the affine Lusztig variety and the associated affine Deligne-Lusztig variety match. Moreover, for these $\g$, we verify Chi's conjecture that the number of top-dimensional components in $Y_μ(γ)$ within the affine Grassmannian equals to the dimension of a specific weight space in a representation of the Langlands dual group.

math.RT↗

arXiv2025

Lusztig varieties for regular elements

Let $G$ be a connected reductive group over an algebraically closed field. Let $B$ be a Borel subgroup of $G$ and $W$ be the associated Weyl group. We show that for any $w \in W$ that is not contained in any standard parabolic subgroup of $W$, the intersection of the Bruhat cell $B w B$ with any regular conjugacy class of $G$ is always irreducible. We then prove that the associated Lusztig varieties are irreducible. This extends the previous work of Kim \cite{kim2020homology} on the regular semisimple and regular unipotent elements. The irreducibilitiy result of Lusztig varieties will be used in an upcoming work in the study of affine Lusztig varieties.

math.RT↗

arXiv2024

Irreducibility of Local Models

In this paper, we consider the geometric special fibers of local models of Shimura varieties and of moduli of $\bG$-Shtukas with parahoric level structure. We investigate two problems with respect to the irreducibility of local models. First, we classify the cases where the local models are irreducible. Next, we show that the fibers of the level-changing map between the geometric special fiber of local models with different parahoric levels are always isomorphic to single (i.e., irreducible) Schubert varieties in the partial flag variety.

math.AG↗

arXiv2024

On affine Lusztig varieties

Affine Lusztig varieties encode the orbital integrals of Iwahori--Hecke functions and serve as building blocks for the (conjectural) theory of affine character sheaves. We establish a close relationship between affine Lusztig varieties and affine Deligne--Lusztig varieties. Consequently, we give an explicit nonemptiness pattern and dimension formula for affine Lusztig varieties in most cases.

math.RT↗

arXiv2024

Total positivity in twisted product of flag varieties

We show that the totally nonnegative part of the twisted product of flag varieties of a Kac-Moody group admits a cellular decomposition, and the closure of each cell is a topological manifold with boundary. We also establish explicit parameterizations of each totally positive cell. In the special cases of double flag varieties and braid varieties, we show that the totally nonnegative parts are regular CW complexes homeomorphic to closed balls. Moreover, we prove that the link of any totally nonnegative double Bruhat cell in a reductive group is a regular CW complex homeomorphic to a closed ball, solving an open problem of Fomin and Zelevinsky.

math.RT↗

arXiv2024

Zero-dimensional affine Deligne--Lusztig varieties

In this paper, we study the affine Deligne--Lusztig variety $X(μ,b)_K$ and classify all quadruples $(\mathbf{G}, μ, b, K)$ with $\dim X(μ, b)_K=0$. This question was first asked by Rapoport in 2005, who also made an explicit conjecture in the hyperspecial level. We prove that $\dim X(μ,b)_K=0$ if and only if, up to certain Hodge-Newton decomposition condition, the pair $(\mathbf{G}, \{μ\})$ is of extended Lubin-Tate type. We also give a combinatorial description of this condition by the essential gap function on $B(\mathbf{G})$ and the $μ$-ordinary condition for the generic Newton stratum.

math.AG↗

arXiv2024

Acyclic matchings on Bruhat intervals and applications to total positivity

The existence of acyclic complete matchings on the face poset of a regular CW complex implies that the underlying topological space of the CW complex is contractible by discrete Morse theory. In this paper, we construct explicitly acyclic complete matchings on any non-trivial Bruhat interval $[v,w]$ based on any reflection order on the Coxeter group $W$. We then apply this combinatorial result to regular CW complexes arising from the theory of total positivity. As an application, we show that the totally nonnegative Springer fibers are contractible. This verifies a conjecture of Lusztig. As another application, we show that the totally nonnegative fibers of the natural projection from full flag varieties to partial flag varieties are contractible. This leads to a much simplified proof of the regularity property on totally nonnegative partial flag varieties compared to the proofs by Galashin-Karp-Lam and in our earlier work.

math.CO↗

arXiv2023

Total positivity for matroid Schubert varieties

We define the totally nonnegative matroid Schubert variety $\mathcal Y_V$ of a linear subspace $V \subset \mathbb R^n$. We show that $\mathcal Y_V$ is a regular CW complex homeomorphic to a closed ball, with strata indexed by pairs of acyclic flats of the oriented matroid of $V$. This closely resembles the regularity theorem for totally nonnegative generalized flag varieties. As a corollary, we obtain a regular CW structure on the real matroid Schubert variety of $V$.

math.CO↗

arXiv2023

Machine learning assisted exploration for affine Deligne-Lusztig varieties

This paper presents a novel, interdisciplinary study that leverages a Machine Learning (ML) assisted framework to explore the geometry of affine Deligne-Lusztig varieties (ADLV). The primary objective is to investigate the nonemptiness pattern, dimension and enumeration of irreducible components of ADLV. Our proposed framework demonstrates a recursive pipeline of data generation, model training, pattern analysis, and human examination, presenting an intricate interplay between ML and pure mathematical research. Notably, our data-generation process is nuanced, emphasizing the selection of meaningful subsets and appropriate feature sets. We demonstrate that this framework has a potential to accelerate pure mathematical research, leading to the discovery of new conjectures and promising research directions that could otherwise take significant time to uncover. We rediscover the virtual dimension formula and provide a full mathematical proof of a newly identified problem concerning a certain lower bound of dimension. Furthermore, we extend an open invitation to the readers by providing the source code for computing ADLV and the ML models, promoting further explorations. This paper concludes by sharing valuable experiences and highlighting lessons learned from this collaboration.

math.AG↗

arXiv2023

A generalization of cyclic shift classes

Motivated by Lusztig's $G$-stable pieces, we consider the combinatorial pieces: the pairs $(w, K)$ for elements $w$ in the Weyl group and subsets $K$ of simple reflections that are normalized by $w$. We generalize the notion of cyclic shift classes on the Weyl groups to the set of combinatorial pieces. We show that the partial cyclic shift classes of combinatorial pieces associated with minimal-length elements have nice representatives. As applications, we prove the left-right symmetry and the compatibility of the induction functors of the parabolic character sheaves.

math.RT↗

arXiv2022

Affine Deligne--Lusztig varieties with finite Coxeter parts

In this paper, we study affine Deligne--Lusztig varieties $X_w(b)$ when the finite part of the element $w$ in the Iwahori--Weyl group is a partial $σ$-Coxeter element. We show that such $w$ is a cordial element and $X_w(b) \neq \emptyset$ if and only if $b$ satisfies a certain Hodge--Newton indecomposability condition. The main result of this paper is that for such $w$ and $b$, $X_w(b)$ has a simple geometric structure: the $σ$-centralizer of $b$ acts transitively on the set of irreducible components of $X_w(b)$; and each irreducible component is an iterated fibration over a classical Deligne--Lusztig variety of Coxeter type, and the iterated fibers are either $\mathbb A^1$ or $\mathbb G_m$.

math.RT↗

arXiv2022

Product structure and regularity theorem for totally nonnegative flag varieties

The totally nonnegative flag variety was introduced by Lusztig. It has enriched combinatorial, geometric, and Lie-theoretic structures. In this paper, we introduce a (new) $J$-total positivity on the full flag variety of an arbitrary Kac-Moody group, generalizing the (ordinary) total positivity. We show that the $J$-totally nonnegative flag variety has a cellular decomposition into totally positive $J$-Richardson varieties. Moreover, each totally positive $J$-Richardson variety admits a favorable decomposition, called a product structure. Combined with the generalized Poincare conjecture, we prove that the closure of each totally positive $J$-Richardson variety is a regular CW complex homeomorphic to a closed ball. Moreover, the $J$-total positivity on the full flag provides a model for the (ordinary) totally nonnegative partial flag variety. As a consequence, we prove that the closure of each (ordinary) totally positive Richardson variety is a regular CW complex homeomorphic to a closed ball, confirming conjectures of Galashin, Karp and Lam.

math.RT↗

arXiv2022

Total positivity and conjugacy classes

In this paper, we study the interaction between the totally positive monoid $G_{\ge 0}$ attached to a connected reductive group $G$ with a pinning and the conjugacy classes in $G$. In particular, we study how a conjugacy class meets the various cells of $G_{\ge0}$. We also state a conjectural Jordan decomposition for $G_{\ge0}$ and prove it in some special cases.

math.RT↗