arXiv subjects

Xuzong Chen

Publications and source records attributed to Xuzong Chen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2021

Atom-Orbital Qubits under Holonomic Quantum Control

Quantum computing has been attracting tremendous efforts in recent years. One prominent application is to perform quantum simulations of electron correlations in large molecules and solid-state materials, where orbital degrees of freedom are crucial to quantitatively model electronic properties. Electron orbitals unlike quantum spins obey crystal symmetries, making the atomic orbital in optical lattices a natural candidate to emulate electron orbitals. Here, we construct atom-orbital qubits by manipulating $s$- and $d$-orbitals of atomic Bose-Einstein condensation in an optical lattice. Noise-resilient quantum gate operations are achieved by performing holonomic quantum control, which admits geometrical protection. We find it is critical to eliminate the orbital leakage error in the system. The gate robustness is tested by varying the intensity of the laser forming the lattice. Our work opens up wide opportunities for atom-orbital based quantum information processing, of vital importance to programmable quantum simulations of multi-orbital physics in molecules and quantum materials.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2021

Observation of many-body quantum phase transitions beyond the Kibble-Zurek mechanism

Quantum critical behavior of many-body phase transitions is one of the most fascinating yet challenging questions in quantum physics. Here, we improved the band-mapping method to investigate the quantum phase transition from superfluid to Mott insulators, and we observed the critical behaviors of quantum phase transitions in both dynamical steady-state-relaxation region and phase-oscillation region. Based on various observables, two different values for the same quantum critical parameter are observed. This result is beyond a universal-scaling-law description of quantum phase transitions known as the Kibble-Zurek mechanism, and suggests that multiple quantum critical mechanisms are competing in many-body quantum phase transition experiments in inhomogeneous systems.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2021

The dominant scattering channel induced by two-body collision of D-band atoms in triangular optical lattice

The mechanism of atomic collisions in excited bands plays an important role in the study of the orbital physics in optical lattices and simulation of condensed matter physics. Atoms distributing in one excited bands of an optical lattice would collide and decay to other bands through different scattering channels. In excited bands of one dimensional lattice, due to lack of geometry, there is no significant difference between cross section of scattering channels. Here, we investigate the collisional scattering channels for atoms in the excited bands of a triangular optical lattice and demonstrate a dominant scattering channel in the experiment. A shortcut method is utilized to load Bose-Einstein condensates of $^{87} {\rm Rb}$ atoms into the first D band with zero quasi-momentum. After some time for evolution, the number of atoms scattering to S band due to two-body collisions is around four times more than that to the second most band. We reveal that the scattering channel to $ss$ band is dominant by theoretical calculation, which agrees with experimental measurements. The appearance of dominant scattering channels in triangular optical lattice is owing to geometric dimension coupling. This work is helpful for the study of many-body systems and directional enhancement in optical lattices.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2021

Field theoretical approach to spin models

We developed a systematic non-perturbative method base on Dyson-Schwinger theory and the $Φ$-derivable theory for Ising model at broken phase. Based on these methods, we obtain critical temperature and spin spin correlation beyond mean field theory. The spectrum of Green function obtained from our methods become gapless at critical point, so the susceptibility become divergent at Tc. The critical temperature of Ising model obtained from this method is fairly good in comparison with other non-cluster methods. It is straightforward to extend this method to more complicate spin models for example with continue symmetry.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2021

Extension of the Generalized Hydrodynamics to the Dimensional Crossover Regime

In an effort to address integrability breaking in cold gas experiments, we extend the integrable hydrodynamics of the 1d Lieb-Liniger model with two additional components representing the population of atoms in the first and second transverse excited states, thus enabling a description of quasi-1d condensates. Collisions between different components are accounted for through the inclusion of a Boltzmann-type collision integral in the hydrodynamic equation. Contrary to standard generalized hydrodynamics, our extended model captures thermalization of the condensate at a rate consistent with experimental observations from a quantum Newton's cradle setup.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2021

Evidence of Potts-Nematic Superfluidity in a Hexagonal $sp^2$ Optical Lattice

As in between liquid and crystal phases lies a nematic liquid crystal, which breaks rotation with preservation of translation symmetry, there is a nematic superfluid phase bridging a superfluid and a supersolid. The nematic order also emerges in interacting electrons and has been found to largely intertwine with multi-orbital correlation in high-temperature superconductivity, where Ising nematicity arises from a four-fold rotation symmetry $C_4$ broken down to $C_2$. Here we report an observation of a three-state ($\mathbb{Z}_3$) quantum nematic order, dubbed "Potts-nematicity", in a system of cold atoms loaded in an excited band of a hexagonal optical lattice described by an $sp^2$-orbital hybridized model. This Potts-nematic quantum state spontaneously breaks a three-fold rotation symmetry of the lattice, qualitatively distinct from the Ising nematicity. Our field theory analysis shows that the Potts-nematic order is stabilized by intricate renormalization effects enabled by strong inter-orbital mixing present in the hexagonal lattice. This discovery paves a way to investigate quantum vestigial orders in multi-orbital atomic superfluids.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2020

Relaxation of Bosons in One Dimension and the Onset of Dimensional Crossover

We study ultra-cold bosons out of equilibrium in a one-dimensional (1D) setting and probe the breaking of integrability and the resulting relaxation at the onset of the crossover from one to three dimensions. In a quantum Newton's cradle type experiment, we excite the atoms to oscillate and collide in an array of 1D tubes and observe the evolution for up to 4.8 seconds (400 oscillations) with minimal heating and loss. By investigating the dynamics of the longitudinal momentum distribution function and the transverse excitation, we observe and quantify a two-stage relaxation process. In the initial stage single-body dephasing reduces the 1D densities, thus rapidly drives the 1D gas out of the quantum degenerate regime. The momentum distribution function asymptotically approaches the distribution of quasimomenta (rapidities), which are conserved in an integrable system. In the subsequent long time evolution, the 1D gas slowly relaxes towards thermal equilibrium through the collisions with transversely excited atoms. Moreover, we tune the dynamics in the dimensional crossover by initializing the evolution with different imprinted longitudinal momenta (energies). The dynamical evolution towards the relaxed state is quantitatively described by a semiclassical molecular dynamics simulation.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2020

Simulation of nodal-line semimetal in amplitude-shaken optical lattices

With topologcial semimetal developing, semimetal with nodal-line ring comes into people's vision as a powerful candidate for practical application of topological devices. We propose a method using ultracold atoms in two-dimensional amplitude-shaken bipartite hexagonal optical lattice to simulate nodal-line semimetal, which can be achieved in experiment by attaching one triangular optical lattice to a hexangonal optical lattice and periodically modulating the intensity and position of the triangular lattice. By amplitude shaking, a time-reversal-symmetry-unstable mode is introduced into the bipartite optical lattice, and then the nodal-line semimetal is gotten by adjusting the proportion of such mode and the trivial mode of hexagonal lattice. Through calculating the energy spectrum of effective Hamiltonian, the transformation from Dirac semimetal to nodal-line semimetal in pace with changing shaking parameters is observed. We also study the change of Berry curvature and Berry phase in the transformation, which provides guidance on measuring the transformation in experiment. By analyzing the symmetry of the system, the emergence of the time-reversal-symmetry-unstable mode is researched. This proposal provides a way to research the pure nodal-line semimetal without the influence of other bands, which may contribute to the study of those unique features of surface states and bulk states of nodal-line semimetal.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2020

Chiral edge states in position shaken finite-size honeycomb optical lattice

The quantum anomalies at the edges correspond to the topological phases in the system, and the chiral edge states can reflect bulk bands' topological properties. In this paper, we demonstrate a simulation of Floquet system's chiral edge states in position shaken finite-size honeycomb optical lattice. Through the periodical shaking, we break the time reversal symmetry of the system, and get the topological non-trivial states with non-zero Chen number. At the topological non-trivial area, we find chiral edge states on different sides of the lattice, and the locations of chiral edge states change with the topological phase. Further, gapless boundary excitations are found to appear at the topological phase transition points. It provides a new scheme to simulate chiral edge states in the Floquet system, and promotes the study of gapless boundary excitations.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2020

The Emergency of Pico-Kelvin Physics

The frontier of low-temperature physics has advanced to the mid pico-Kelvin (pK) regime but progress has come to a halt because of the problem of gravity. Ultra cold atoms must be confined in some type of potential energy well: if the depth of the well is less than the energy an atom gains by falling through it, the atom escapes. This article reviews ultra cold atom research, emphasizing the advances that carried the low temperature frontier to 450 pico-Kelvin. We review micro gravity methods for overcoming the gravitation limit to achieve further low temperature using free fall techniques such as a drop tower, sounding rocket, parabolic flight plane and the Space Station. We describe two techniques that give promise of further advance--an atom chip and an all-optical trap--and present recent experimental results. Basic research in new regimes of observation has generally led to scientific discoveries and new technologies that benefit society. We expect this to be the case as the low temperature frontier advances and we propose some new opportunities for research.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2020

Simulation of Dynamical Quantum Phase Transition of the 1D Transverse Ising Model with a Double-chain Bose-Hubbard model

We propose a spinless Bose-Hubbard model in an one-dimensional (1D) double-chain tilted lattice at unit filling per cell. A subspace of this model can be faithfully mapped to the 1D transverse Ising model through superexchange interaction with second-order perturbation theory. At a valid parameter region, numerical results show good agreement of these two models both on energy spectrums and correlation functions. And we show that the dynamical quantum phase transition of the effective 1D transverse Ising model can be simulated. With carefully designed procedures for producing the dynamical quantum phase transition of the 1D transverse Ising model from a Mott insulator, the rate function of the recurrence probability to the ground-state manifold shows the same nonanalyticality at periodic time points as theory predicts. Our results may give some inspirations on simulating 1D transverse Ising model with superexchange interaction and exploring its dynamical quantum phase transition in experiment.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2020

Implementation of a double-path multimode interferometer using a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate

We realize a double-path multimode matter wave interferometer with spinor Bose-Einstein condensate and observe clear spatial interference fringes as well as a periodic change of the visibility in the time domain, which we refer to as the time domain interference and which is different from the traditional double-path interferometer. By changing the relative phase of the two paths, we find that the spatial fringes first lose coherence and recover. As the number of modes increases, the time domain interference signal with the narrower peaks is observed, which is beneficial to the improvement of the resolution of the phase measurement. We also investigated the influence of initial phase configuration and phase evolution rate between different modes in the two paths. With enhanced resolution, the sensitivity of interferometric measurements of physical observables can also be improved by properly assigning measurable quantities to the relative phase between two paths.

physics.atom-ph↗

arXiv2020

Dimension Crossing Turbulent Cascade in an Excited Lattice Bose Gas

Turbulence is an intriguing non-equilibrium state, which originates from fluid mechanics and has far-reaching consequences in the description of climate physics, the characterization of quantum hydrodynamics, and the understanding of cosmic evolution. The concept of turbulent cascade describing the energy redistribution across different length scales offers one profound route to reconcile fundamental conservative forces with observational energy non-conservation of accelerating expansion of the universe bypassing the cosmological constant. Here, we observe a dimension crossing turbulent energy cascade in an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a two-dimensional (2d) optical lattice forming a 2d array of tubes, which exhibits universal behaviors in the dynamical energy-redistribution across different dimensions. By exciting atoms into the optical-lattice high bands, the excessive energy of this quantum many-body system is found to cascade from the transverse two-dimensional lattice directions to the continuous dimension, giving rise to a one-dimensional turbulent energy cascade, which is in general challenging to reach due to integrability. We expect this observed novel phenomenon of dimension-crossing energy cascade may inspire microscopic theories for modeling positive cosmological constant of our inflationary universe.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2019

AEDGE: Atomic Experiment for Dark Matter and Gravity Exploration in Space

We propose in this White Paper a concept for a space experiment using cold atoms to search for ultra-light dark matter, and to detect gravitational waves in the frequency range between the most sensitive ranges of LISA and the terrestrial LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA/INDIGO experiments. This interdisciplinary experiment, called Atomic Experiment for Dark Matter and Gravity Exploration (AEDGE), will also complement other planned searches for dark matter, and exploit synergies with other gravitational wave detectors. We give examples of the extended range of sensitivity to ultra-light dark matter offered by AEDGE, and how its gravitational-wave measurements could explore the assembly of super-massive black holes, first-order phase transitions in the early universe and cosmic strings. AEDGE will be based upon technologies now being developed for terrestrial experiments using cold atoms, and will benefit from the space experience obtained with, e.g., LISA and cold atom experiments in microgravity. This paper is based on a submission (v1) in response to the Call for White Papers for the Voyage 2050 long-term plan in the ESA Science Programme. ESA limited the number of White Paper authors to 30. However, in this version (v2) we have welcomed as supporting authors participants in the Workshop on Atomic Experiments for Dark Matter and Gravity Exploration held at CERN: ({\tt https://indico.cern.ch/event/830432/}), as well as other interested scientists, and have incorporated additional material.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2019

Asymmetric population of momentum distribution by quasi-periodically driving a triangular optical lattice

Ultracold atoms in periodical driven optical lattices enable us to investigate novel band structures and explore the topology of the bands. In this work, we investigate the impact of the ramping process of the driving signal and propose a simple but effective method to realize desired asymmetric population in momentum distribution by controlling the initial phase of the driving signal. A quasi-momentum oscillation along the shaking direction in the frame of reference co-moving with the lattice is formed, causing the formation of the mix of ground energy band and first excited band in laboratory frame, within the regime that the driving frequency is far less than the coupling frequency between ground band and higher energy bands. This method avoids the construction of intricate lattices or complex control sequence. With a triangular lattice, we experimentally investigate the influence of the initial phase, frequency, amplitude of the driving signal on the population difference, and observe good agreement with our theoretical model. This provides guidance on how to load a driving signal in driven optical lattice experiment and also potentially supplies a useful tool to form a qubit that can be used in quantum computation.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2019

Numerical Study of Evaporative Cooling in the Space Station

In this paper, we numerically studied the effects of mechanical vibration and magnetic fields on evaporative cooling process carried in space station by direct simulation Monte Carlo method. Simulated with the vibration data of international space station, we found that the cooling process would suffer great atomic losses until the accelerations reduced tenfold at least. In addition, if we enlarge the s-wave scattering length five times by Feshbach resonance, the PSD increased to 50 compared to 3 of no magnetic fields situation after 5 seconds evaporative cooling. We also simulated the two stages crossed beam evaporative cooling process (TSCBC) under both physical impacts and obtain $4\times10^5$ $^{85}$Rb atoms with a temperature of 8 pK. These results are of significance to the cold atom experiments carried out on space station in the future.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2019

Parallel multicomponent interferometer with a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate

Atom interferometry with high visibility is of high demand for precision measurements. Here, a parallel multicomponent interferometer is achieved by preparing a spin-$2$ Bose-Einstein condensate of $^{87}$Rb atoms confined in a hybrid magneto-optical trap. After the preparation of a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate with spin degrees of freedom entangled, we observe four spatial interference patterns in each run of measurements corresponding to four hyperfine states we mainly populate in the experiment. The atomic populations in different Zeeman sublevels are made controllably using magnetic-field-pulse induced Majorana transitions. The spatial separation of atom cloud in different hyperfine states is reached by Stern-Gerlach momentum splitting. The high visibility of the interference fringes is reached by designing a proper overlap of the interfering wave packets. Due to uncontrollable phase accumulation in Majorana transitions, the phase of each individual spin is found to be subjected to unreproducible shift in multiple experimental runs. However, the relative phase across different spins is stable, paving a way towards noise-resilient multicomponent parallel interferometers.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2018

Observation of a dynamical sliding phase superfluid with P-band bosons

Sliding phases have been long sought after in the context of coupled XY-models, as they are of relevance to various many-body systems such as layered superconductors, freestanding liquid-crystal films, and cationic lipid-DNA complexes. Here we report an observation of a dynamical sliding phase superfluid that emerges in a nonequilibrium setting from the quantum dynamics of a three-dimensional ultracold atomic gas loaded into the P-band of a one-dimensional optical lattice. A shortcut loading method is used to transfer atoms into the P-band at zero quasimomentum within a very short time duration. The system can be viewed as a series of "pancake"-shaped atomic samples. For this far-out-of-equilibrium system, we find an intermediate time window with a lifetime around tens of milliseconds, where the atomic ensemble exhibits robust superfluid phase coherence in the pancake directions, but no coherence in the lattice direction, which implies a dynamical sliding phase superfluid. The emergence of the sliding phase is attributed to a mechanism of cross-dimensional energy transfer in our proposed phenomenological theory, which is consistent with experimental measurements. This experiment potentially opens up a novel venue to search for exotic dynamical phases by creating high-band excitations in optical lattices.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗