arXiv subjects

Y. B. Band

Publications and source records attributed to Y. B. Band.

70 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

arXiv2004

On the conversion efficiency of ultracold fermionic atoms to bosonic molecules via Feshbach resonances

We explain why the experimental efficiency observed in the conversion of ultracold Fermi gases of $^{40}$K and $^{6}$Li atoms into diatomic Bose gases is limited to 0.5 when the Feshbach resonance sweep rate is sufficiently slow to pass adiabatically through the Landau Zener transition but faster than ``the collision rate'' in the gas, and increases beyond 0.5 when it is slower. The 0.5 efficiency limit is due to the preparation of a statistical mixture of two spin-states, required to enable s-wave scattering. By constructing the many-body state of the system we show that this preparation yields a mixture of even and odd parity pair-states, where only even parity can produce molecules. The odd parity spin-symmetric states must decorrelate before the constituent atoms can further Feshbach scatter thereby increasing the conversion efficiency; ``the collision rate'' is the pair decorrelation rate.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2004

Transition from Resonances to Bound States in Nonlinear Systems: Application to Bose-Einstein condensates

It is shown using the Gross-Pitaevskii equation that resonance states of Bose-Einstein condensates with attractive interactions can be stabilized into true bound states. A semiclassical variational approximation and an independent quantum variational numerical method are used to calculate the energies (chemical potentials) and linewidths of resonances of the time-independent Gross-Pitaevskii equation; both methods produce similar results. Borders between the regimes of resonances, bound states, and, in two and three dimensions, collapse, are identified.

cond-mat.soft↗

arXiv2004

Four-Wave Mixing In BEC Systems With Multiple Spin States

We calculate the four-wave mixing (FWM) in a Bose-Einstein condensate system having multiple spin wave packets that are initially overlapping in physical space, but have nonvanishing relative momentum that cause them to recede from one another. Three receding condensate atom wave packets can result in production of a fourth wave packet by the process of FWM due to atom-atom interactions. We consider cases where the four final wave packets are composed of 1, 2, 3 and 4 different internal spin components. FWM with 1- or 2-spin state wave packets is much stronger than 3- or 4-spin state FWM, wherein two of the coherent moving BEC wave packets form a polarization-grating that rotates the spin projection of the third wave into that of fourth diffracted wave (as opposed to the 1- or 2-spin state case where a regular density-grating is responsible for the diffraction). Calculations of FWM for $^{87}$Rb and $^{23}$Na condensate systems are presented.

cond-mat.soft↗

arXiv2003

Highly Nonlinear Dynamics of Third-Harmonic Generation by Focused Beams

Beams that experience third-harmonic generation (THG) also experience Kerr effects. With Kerr effects, beams do not take simple Gaussian shapes, but exhibit nonlinear dynamics. These nonlinear dynamics have an effect on the THG accumulated by focusing and then diverging beams. We formulate a self-consistent and complete set of nonlinear Schroedinger equations for a pair of coupled beams -- a fundamental and its third-harmonic. Numerical simulations show that the Kerr nonlinearities allow some third-harmonic to propagate to the far-field even for zero or negative phase-mismatch. This is because the nonlinear dynamics break the beams' reflection symmetry about the focal plane and therefore increases far-field THG by changing some of the interference from destructive to constructive. THG conversion efficiencies are computed as functions of several beam parameters.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2002

Momentum-Transfer to and Elementary-Excitations of a Bose-Einstein Condensate by a Time-Dependent Optical Potential

We present results of calculations on Bose-Einstein condensed $^{87}$Rb atoms subjected to a moving standing-wave light-potential of the form $V_L(z,t) = V_0(t) \cos(q z-ωt)$. We calculate the mean-field dynamics (the order paramter) of the condensate and determine the resulting condensate momentum in the $z$ direction, $P_z(q,ω,V_0,t_p)$, where $V_0$ is the peak optical potential strength and $t_p$ is the pulse duration. Although the local density approximation for the Bogoliubov excitation spectral distribution is a good approximation for very low optical intensities, long pulse duration and sufficiently large values of the wavevector $q$ of the light-potential, for small $q$, short duration pulses, or for not-so-low intensities, the local density perturbative description of the excitation spectrum breaks down badly, as shown by our results.

cond-mat.soft↗

arXiv2002

Improved Semiclassical Approximation for Bose-Einstein Condensates: Application to a BEC in an Optical Potential

We present semiclassical descriptions of Bose-Einstein condensates for configurations with spatial symmetry, e.g., cylindrical symmetry, and without any symmetry. The description of the cylindrical case is quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D), in the sense that one only needs to solve an effective 1D nonlinear Schrodinger equation, but the solution incorporates correct 3D aspects of the problem. The solution in classically allowed regions is matched onto that in classically forbidden regions by a connection formula that properly accounts for the nonlinear mean-field interaction. Special cases for vortex solutions are treated too. Comparisons of the Q1D solution with full 3D and Thomas-Fermi ones are presented.

cond-mat.soft↗

arXiv2002

Electron Magnetic Resonance: The Modified Bloch Equation

We find a modified Bloch equation for the electronic magnetic moment when the magnetic moment explicitly contains a diamagnetic contribution (a magnetic field induced magnetic moment arising from the electronic orbital angular momentum) in addition to the intrinsic magnetic moment of the electron. The modified Bloch is coupled to equations of motion for the position and momentum operators. In the presence of static and time varying magnetic field components, the magnetic moment oscillates out of phase with the magnetic field and power is absorbed by virtue of the magnetic field induced magnetic moment, even in the absence of coupling to the environment. We explicitly work out the spectrum and absorption for the case of a $p$ state electron.

cond-mat.soft↗

arXiv2002

Motion of a condensate in a shaken and vibrating harmonic trap

The dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in a time-dependent harmonic trapping potential is determined for arbitrary variations of the position of the center of the trap and its frequencies. The dynamics of the BEC wavepacket is soliton-like. The motion of the center of the wavepacket, and the spatially and temporally dependent phase (which affects the coherence properties of the BEC) multiplying the soliton-like part of the wavepacket, are analytically determined.

cond-mat.soft↗

arXiv2002

Bose-Einstein Condensates in Time-Dependent Light Potentials: Adiabatic and Nonadiabatic Behavior of Nonlinear Wave Equations

The criteria for validity of adiabaticity for nonlinear wave equations are considered within the context of atomic matter-waves tunneling from macroscopically populated optical standing-wave traps loaded from a Bose-Einstein condensate. We show that even when the optical standing wave is slowly turned on and the condensate behaves adiabatically during this turn-on, once the tunneling-time between wells in the optical lattice becomes longer than the nonlinear time-scale, adiabaticity breaks down and a significant spatially varying phase develops across the condensate wave function from well to well. This phase drastically affects the contrast of the fringe pattern in Josephson-effect interference experiments, and the condensate coherence properties in general.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2001

Adiabaticity in Nonlinear Quantum Dynamics: Bose-Einstein Condensate in a Time-Varying Box

A simple model of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate in a box whose size varies with time is studied to determine the nature of adiabaticity in the nonlinear dynamics obtained within the Gross-Pitaevskii equation (the nonlinear Schrodinger equation). Analytical and numerical methods are used to determine the nature of adiabaticity in this nonlinear quantum system. Criteria for validity of an adiabatic approximation are formulated.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2000

Structure of binary Bose-Einstein condensates

We identify all possible classes of solutions for two-component Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) within the Thomas-Fermi (TF) approximation, and check these results against numerical simulations of the coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations (GPEs). We find that they can be divided into two general categories. The first class contains solutions with a region of overlap between the components. The other class consists of non-overlapping wavefunctions, and contains also solutions that do not possess the symmetry of the trap. The chemical potential and average energy can be found for both classes within the TF approximation by solving a set of coupled algebraic equations representing the normalization conditions for each component. A ground state minimizing the energy (within both classes of the states) is found for a given set of parameters characterizing the scattering length and confining potential. In the TF approximation, the ground state always shares the symmetry of the trap. However, a full numerical solution of the coupled GPEs, incorporating the kinetic energy of the BEC atoms, can sometimes select a broken-symmetry state as the ground state of the system. We also investigate effects of finite-range interactions on the structure of the ground state.

cond-mat↗

arXiv2000

Elastic scattering loss of atoms from colliding Bose-Einstein condensate wavepackets

Bragg diffraction of atoms by light waves has been used to create high momentum components in a Bose-Einstein condensate. Collisions between atoms from two distinct momentum wavepackets cause elastic scattering that can remove a significant fraction of atoms from the wavepackets and cause the formation of a spherical shell of scattered atoms. We develop a slowly varying envelope technique that includes the effects of this loss on the condensate dynamics described by the Gross-Pitaevski equation. Three-dimensional numerical calculations are presented for two experimental situations: passage of a moving daughter condensate through a non-moving parent condensate, and four-wave mixing of matter waves.

cond-mat.soft↗

arXiv1999

Coherence properties of an atom laser

We study the coherence properties of an atom laser, which operates by extracting atoms from a gaseous Bose-Einstein condensate via a two-photon Raman process, by analyzing a recent experiment. We obtain good agreement with the experimental data by solving the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation in three dimensions both numerically and with a Thomas-Fermi model. The coherence length is strongly affected by the space-dependent phase developed by the condensate when the trapping potential is turned off.

cond-mat↗

arXiv1998

Counterintuitive transitions in multistate curve crossing involving linear potentials

Two problems incorporating a set of horizontal linear potentials crossed by a sloped linear potential are analytically solved and compared with numerical results: (a) the case where boundary conditions are specified at the ends of a finite interval, and (b) the case where the sloped linear potential is replaced by a piecewise-linear sloped potential and the boundary conditions are specified at infinity. In the approximation of small gaps between the horizontal potentials, an approach similar to the one used for the degenerate problem (Yurovsky V A and Ben-Reuven A 1998 J. Phys. B 31,1) is applicable for both problems. The resulting scattering matrix has a form different from the semiclassical result obtained by taking the product of Landau-Zener amplitudes. Counterintuitive transitions involving a pair of successive crossings, in which the second crossing precedes the first one along the direction of motion, are allowed in both models considered here.

physics.atom-ph↗

arXiv1997

Quantum and Semiclassical Calculations of Cold Atom Collisions in Light Fields

We derive and apply an optical Bloch equation (OBE) model for describing collisions of ground and excited laser cooled alkali atoms in the presence of near-resonant light. Typically these collisions lead to loss of atoms from traps. We compare the results obtained with a quantum mechanical complex potential treatment, semiclassical Landau-Zener models with decay, and a quantum time-dependent Monte-Carlo wave packet (MCWP) calculation. We formulate the OBE method in both adiabatic and diabatic representations. We calculate the laser intensity dependence of collision probabilities and find that the adiabatic OBE results agree quantitatively with those of the MCWP calculation, and qualitatively with the semiclassical Landau-Zener model with delayed decay, but that the complex potential method or the traditional Landau-Zener model fail in the saturation limit.

physics.atom-ph↗

arXiv1996

Optical Solitary Waves in the Higher Order Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation

We study solitary wave solutions of the higher order nonlinear Schrodinger equation for the propagation of short light pulses in an optical fiber. Using a scaling transformation we reduce the equation to a two-parameter canonical form. Solitary wave (1-soliton) solutions exist provided easily met inequality constraints on the parameters in the equation are satisfied. Conditions for the existence of N-soliton solutions (N>1) are determined; when these conditions are met the equation becomes the modified KdV equation. A proper subset of these conditions meet the Painleve plausibility conditions for integrability.

patt-sol↗