arXiv subjects

Y. Gao

Publications and source records attributed to Y. Gao.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2024

Ferroaxial phonons in chiral and polar NiCo2TeO6

Perfect circular dichroism has been observed in the Raman scattering by the optical phonons in single chiral domain NiCo2TeO6 crystals. The selection rules for the optical phonons are determined by the combination of the chiral structure C and the electric polarization P along the c-axis. These two symmetry operations are equivalent to the ferroaxial order (C dot P) = A, so the observed optical phonons are referred to as "ferroaxial". For a given Raman scattering geometry the observed effect may also be described as a complete non-reciprocal propagation of the optical phonons, whose preferable vector direction is determined by the sign of C dot P. The combination of Raman scattering and polarization plane rotation of the transmitted white light allows for identification of the direction of electric polarization P in mono domain chiral crystals.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2024

The Belle II Detector Upgrades Framework Conceptual Design Report

We describe the planned near-term and potential longer-term upgrades of the Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider operating at the KEK laboratory in Tsukuba, Japan. These upgrades will allow increasingly sensitive searches for possible new physics beyond the Standard Model in flavor, tau, electroweak and dark sector physics that are both complementary to and competitive with the LHC and other experiments.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2024

Observation of the Electromagnetic Dalitz Transition $h_c \rightarrow e^+e^-η_c$

Using $(27.12\pm 0.14)\times10^8$ $ψ(3686)$ decays and data samples of $e^+e^-$ collisions with $\sqrt{s}$ from 4.130 to 4.780~GeV collected with the BESIII detector, we report the first observation of the electromagnetic Dalitz transition $h_c\to e^+e^-η_c$ with a statistical significance of $5.4σ$. We measure the ratio of the branching fractions $\frac{\mathcal{B}(h_c\rightarrow e^+e^-η_c)}{\mathcal{B}(h_c\rightarrow γη_c)}$ separately for the $h_c$ samples produced via $ψ(3686)\toπ^0h_c$ and $e^+e^-\toπ^+π^-h_c$. The average ratio is determined to be $(0.59\pm0.10(\text{stat.})\pm0.04(\text{syst.}))\%$, where the uncertainty includes both statistical and systematic components.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2024

Dispersive Qubit Readout with Intrinsic Resonator Reset

A key challenge in quantum computing is speeding up measurement and initialization. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a dispersive measurement method for superconducting qubits that simultaneously measures the qubit and returns the readout resonator to its initial state. The approach is based on universal analytical pulses and requires knowledge of the qubit and resonator parameters, but needs no direct optimization of the pulse shape, even when accounting for the nonlinearity of the system. Moreover, the method generalizes to measuring an arbitrary number of modes and states. For the qubit readout, we can drive the resonator to $\sim 10^2$ photons and back to $\sim 10^{-3}$ photons in less than $3 κ^{-1}$, while still achieving a $T_1$-limited assignment error below 1\%. We also present universal pulse shapes and experimental results for qutrit readout.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2024

Some results on total weight choosability

A graph $G=(V,E)$ is called $(k,k')$-choosable if for any total list assignment $L$ which assigns to each vertex $v$ a set $L(v)$ of $k$ real numbers, and assigns to each edge $e$ a set $L(e)$ of $k'$ real numbers, there is a mapping $f:V\cup E\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ such that $f(y)\in L(y)$ for any $y\in V\cup E$ and for any two adjacent vertices $v, v'$, $\sum_{e\in E(v)}f(e)+f(v)\neq \sum_{e\in E(v')}f(e)+f(v')$, where $E(x)$ denotes the set of incident edges of a vertex $x\in V(G)$. In this paper, we characterize a sufficient condition on $(1,2)$-choosable of graphs. We show that every connected $(n,m)$-graph is both $(2,2)$-choosable and $(1,3)$-choosable if $m=n$ or $n+1$, where $(n,m)$-graph denotes the graph with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges. Furthermore, we prove that some graphs obtained by some graph operations are $(2,2)$-choosable.

math.CO↗

arXiv2024

Phonon softening and atomic modulations in EuAl$_4$

EuAl$_4$ is a rare earth intermetallic in which competing itinerant and/or indirect exchange mechanisms give rise to a complex magnetic phase diagram, including a centrosymmetric skyrmion lattice. These phenomena arise not in the tetragonal parent structure but in the presence of a charge density wave (CDW), which lowers the crystal symmetry and renormalizes the electronic structure. Microscopic knowledge of the corresponding atomic modulations and their driving mechanism is a prerequisite for a deeper understanding of the resulting equilibrium of electronic correlations and how it might be manipulated. Here, we use synchrotron single-crystal X-ray diffraction, inelastic X-ray scattering, and lattice dynamics calculations to clarify the origin of the CDW in EuAl$_4$. We observe a broad softening of a transverse acoustic phonon mode that sets in well above room temperature and, at $T_\mathrm{CDW}=142$ K, freezes out in an atomic displacement mode described by the superspace group $Immm(00γ)s00$. In the context of previous work, our observation is a clear confirmation that the CDW in EuAl$_4$ is driven by electron-phonon coupling. This result is relevant for a wider family of BaAl$_4$ and ThCr$_2$Si$_2$-type rare-earth intermetallics known to combine CDW instabilities and complex magnetism.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2023

Room-temperature quantum emission from interface excitons in mixed-dimensional heterostructures

The development of van der Waals heterostructures has introduced unconventional phenomena that emerge at atomically precise interfaces. For example, interlayer excitons in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides show intriguing optical properties at low temperatures. Here we report on room-temperature observation of interface excitons in mixed-dimensional heterostructures consisting of two-dimensional tungsten diselenide and one-dimensional carbon nanotubes. Bright emission peaks originating from the interface are identified, spanning a broad energy range within the telecommunication wavelengths. The effect of band alignment is investigated by systematically varying the nanotube bandgap, and we assign the new peaks to interface excitons as they only appear in type-II heterostructures. Room-temperature localization of low-energy interface excitons is indicated by extended lifetimes as well as small excitation saturation powers, and photon correlation measurements confirm single-photon emission. With mixed-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures where band alignment can be engineered, new opportunities for quantum photonics are envisioned.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2023

Artificial Intelligence for the Electron Ion Collider (AI4EIC)

The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), a state-of-the-art facility for studying the strong force, is expected to begin commissioning its first experiments in 2028. This is an opportune time for artificial intelligence (AI) to be included from the start at this facility and in all phases that lead up to the experiments. The second annual workshop organized by the AI4EIC working group, which recently took place, centered on exploring all current and prospective application areas of AI for the EIC. This workshop is not only beneficial for the EIC, but also provides valuable insights for the newly established ePIC collaboration at EIC. This paper summarizes the different activities and R&D projects covered across the sessions of the workshop and provides an overview of the goals, approaches and strategies regarding AI/ML in the EIC community, as well as cutting-edge techniques currently studied in other experiments.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2023

Resonant exciton transfer in mixed-dimensional heterostructures for overcoming dimensional restrictions in optical processes

Nanomaterials exhibit unique optical phenomena, in particular excitonic quantum processes occurring at room temperature. The low dimensionality, however, imposes strict requirements for conventional optical excitation, and an approach for bypassing such restrictions is desirable. Here we report on exciton transfer in carbon-nanotube/tungsten-diselenide heterostructures, where band alignment can be systematically varied. The mixed-dimensional heterostructures display a pronounced exciton reservoir effect where the longer-lifetime excitons within the two-dimensional semiconductor are funneled into carbon nanotubes through diffusion. This new excitation pathway presents several advantages, including larger absorption areas, broadband spectral response, and polarization-independent efficiency. When band alignment is resonant, we observe substantially more efficient excitation via tungsten diselenide compared to direct excitation of the nanotube. We further demonstrate simultaneous bright emission from an array of carbon nanotubes with varied chiralities and orientations. Our findings show the potential of mixed-dimensional heterostructures and band alignment engineering for energy harvesting and quantum applications through exciton manipulation.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2023

The Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy Onboard the SATech-01 Satellite

The Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy (LEIA), a pathfinder of the Wide-field X-ray Telescope of the Einstein Probe (EP) mission, was successfully launched onboard the SATech-01 satellite of the Chinese Academy of Sciences on 27 July 2022. In this paper, we introduce the design and on-ground test results of the LEIA instrument. Using state-of-the-art Micro-Pore Optics (MPO), a wide field-of-view (FoV) of 346 square degrees (18.6 degrees * 18.6 degrees) of the X-ray imager is realized. An optical assembly composed of 36 MPO chips is used to focus incident X-ray photons, and four large-format complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensors, each of 6 cm * 6 cm, are used as the focal plane detectors. The instrument has an angular resolution of 4 - 8 arcmin (in FWHM) for the central focal spot of the point spread function, and an effective area of 2 - 3 cm2 at 1 keV in essentially all the directions within the field of view. The detection passband is 0.5 - 4 keV in the soft X-rays and the sensitivity is 2 - 3 * 10-11 erg s-1 cm-2 (about 1 mini-Crab) at 1,000 second observation. The total weight of LEIA is 56 kg and the power is 85 W. The satellite, with a design lifetime of 2 years, operates in a Sun-synchronous orbit of 500 km with an orbital period of 95 minutes. LEIA is paving the way for future missions by verifying in flight the technologies of both novel focusing imaging optics and CMOS sensors for X-ray observation, and by optimizing the working setups of the instrumental parameters. In addition, LEIA is able to carry out scientific observations to find new transients and to monitor known sources in the soft X-ray band, albeit limited useful observing time available.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2023

Hypernuclear event detection in the nuclear emulsion with Monte Carlo simulation and machine learning

This study developed a novel method for detecting hypernuclear events recorded in nuclear emulsion sheets using machine learning techniques. The artificial neural network-based object detection model was trained on surrogate images created through Monte Carlo simulations and image-style transformations using generative adversarial networks. The performance of the proposed model was evaluated using $α$-decay events obtained from the J-PARC E07 emulsion data. The model achieved approximately twice the detection efficiency of conventional image processing and reduced the time spent on manual visual inspection by approximately 1/17. The established method was successfully applied to the detection of hypernuclear events. This approach is a state-of-the-art tool for discovering rare events recorded in nuclear emulsion sheets without any real data for training.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2023

Partial wave analysis of $J/ψ\rightarrowγηη'$

Based on a sample of (10.09$\pm$0.04)$\times$10$^{9}$ $J/ψ$ events collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring, a partial wave analysis of the decay $J/ψ\rightarrow γηη'$ is performed. An isoscalar state with exotic quantum numbers $J^{PC}=1^{-+}$, denoted as $η_1(1855)$, has been observed for the first time with statistical significance larger than 19$σ$. Its mass and width are measured to be (1855$\pm$9$_{-1}^{+6}$)~MeV/$c^{2}$ and (188$\pm$18$_{-8}^{+3}$)~MeV, respectively. The product branching fraction ${\cal B}(J/ψ$$\rightarrow$$ γη_1(1855)$$\rightarrow$$γηη')$ is measured to be (2.70$\pm 0.41 _{-0.35}^{+0.16}) \times$10$^{-6}$. The first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. In addition, an upper limit on the branching ratio ${\cal B}(f_0(1710)$$\rightarrow$$ηη')$/${\cal B}(f_0(1710)$$\rightarrow$$ππ)$ is determined to be $1.61 \times 10^{-3}$ at 90\% confidence level, which lends support to the hypothesis that the $f_0(1710)$ has a large glueball component.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2023

Observation of an isoscalar resonance with exotic $J^{PC}=1^{-+}$ quantum numbers in $J/ψ\rightarrowγηη'$

Using a sample of (10.09$\pm$0.04)$\times$10$^{9}$ $J/ψ$ events collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring, a partial wave analysis of the decay $J/ψ\rightarrow γηη'$ is performed. The first observation of an isoscalar state with exotic quantum numbers $J^{PC}=1^{-+}$, denoted as $η_1(1855)$, is reported in the process $J/ψ\rightarrow γη_1(1855)$ with $η_1(1855)\rightarrowηη'$. Its mass and width are measured to be (1855$\pm$9$_{-1}^{+6}$)MeV/$c^{2}$ and (188$\pm$18$_{-8}^{+3}$)MeV, respectively, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic, and its statistical significance is estimated to be larger than 19$σ$.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2022

Report of the Topical Group on Higgs Physics for Snowmass 2021: The Case for Precision Higgs Physics

A future Higgs Factory will provide improved precision on measurements of Higgs couplings beyond those obtained by the LHC, and will enable a broad range of investigations across the fields of fundamental physics, including the mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking, the origin of the masses and mixing of fundamental particles, the predominance of matter over antimatter, and the nature of dark matter. Future colliders will measure Higgs couplings to a few per cent, giving a window to beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics in the 1-10 TeV range. In addition, they will make precise measurements of the Higgs width, and characterize the Higgs self-coupling. This report details the work of the EF01 and EF02 working groups for the Snowmass 2021 study.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2022

Snowmass White Paper: Prospects of CP-violation measurements with the Higgs boson at future experiments

The search for CP violation in interactions of the Higgs boson with either fermions or bosons provides attractive reference measurements in the Particle Physics Community Planning Exercise (a.k.a. "Snowmass"). Benchmark measurements of CP violation provide a limited and well-defined set of parameters that could be tested at the proton, electron-positron, photon, and muon colliders, and compared to those achieved through study of virtual effects in electric dipole moment measurements. We review the current status of these CP-sensitive studies and provide projections to future measurements.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2022

On the interaction between the island divertor heat fluxes, the scrape-off layer radial electric field and the edge turbulence in Wendelstein 7-X plasmas

The formation of the radial electric field, $E_{\rm r}$ in the SOL has been experimentally studied for attached divertor conditions in stellarator W7-X. The main objective of this study is to test the validity in a complex 3D island divertor of simple models, typically developed in tokamaks, relating $E_{\rm r}$ to the sheath potential drop gradient at the target. Additionally, we investigate the effect of the edge $E_{\rm r}$ shear on the reduction of density fluctuation amplitude, a well-established phenomenon according to the existing bibliography. The main diagnostic for measurements in the SOL is a V-band Doppler reflectometer that can provide the measurement of the $E_{\rm r}$ and density fluctuations with good spatial resolution. Three-dimensional measurements of divertor parameters has been carried out using infrared cameras, with $λ_{\rm q}$ resulting a suitable proxy for the model-relevant $λ_{\rm T}$. In the investigated attached regimes, it is shown for the first time that the formation of the $E_{\rm r}$ in the SOL depends on parameters at the divertor, following a $E_{\rm r} \propto T_{\rm e} /λ_q$ qualitatively similar to that found in a tokamak. Then, from the analyzed plasmas, the observed $E_{\rm r}$ shear at the edge is linked to a moderate local reduction of the amplitude of density fluctuations.

physics.plasm-ph↗

arXiv2022

A 0.6 Mpc HI Structure Associated with Stephan's Quintet

Stephan's Quintet (SQ, distance=85$\pm$6 Mpc) is unique among compact groups of galaxies. Observations have previously shown that interactions between multiple members, including a high-speed intruder galaxy currently colliding into the intragroup medium, have likely generated tidal debris in the form of multiple gaseous and stellar filaments, the formation of tidal dwarfs and intragroup-medium starbursts, as well as widespread intergalactic shocked gas. The details and timing of the interactions/collisions remain poorly understood because of the multiple nature. Here we report atomic hydrogen (HI) observations in the vicinity of SQ with a smoothed sensitivity of 1$σ$=4.2 $\times 10^{16}\rm cm^{-2}$ per channel ($Δ$v=20 km s$^{-1}$; angular-resolution=4'), which are about two orders of magnitude deeper than previous observations. The data reveal a large HI structure (linear scale ~0.6 Mpc) encompassing an extended source of size ~0.4 Mpc associated with the debris field and a curved diffuse feature of length ~0.5 Mpc attached to the south edge of the extended source. The diffuse feature was likely produced by tidal interactions in early stages of SQ (>1 Gyr ago), though it is not clear how the low density HI gas (N$_{\rm HI}\leq 10^{18}\rm cm^{-2}$) can survive the ionization by the inter-galactic UV background on such a long time scale. Our observations require a rethinking of gas in outer parts of galaxy groups and demand complex modeling of different phases of the intragroup medium in simulations of group formation.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2022

Dust grain size evolution in local galaxies: a comparison between observations and simulations

The evolution of the dust grain size distribution has been studied in recent years with great detail in cosmological hydrodynamical simulations taking into account all the channels under which dust evolves in the interstellar medium. We present a systematic analysis of the observed spectral energy distribution of a large sample of galaxies in the local universe in order to derive not only the total dust masses but also the relative mass fraction between small and large dust grains (DS/DL). Simulations reproduce fairly well the observations except for the high stellar mass regime where dust masses tend to be overestimated. We find that ~45% of galaxies exhibit DS/DL consistent with the expectations of simulations, while there is a sub-sample of massive galaxies presenting high DS/DL (log(DS/DL)~-0.5), and deviating from the prediction in simulations. For these galaxies, which also have high molecular gas mass fractions and metallicities, coagulation is not an important mechanism affecting the dust evolution. Including diffusion, transporting large grains from dense regions to a more diffuse medium where they can be easily shattered, would explain the observed high DS/DL values in these galaxies. With this study we reinforce the use of the small-to-large grain mass ratio to study the relative importance of the different mechanisms in the dust life cycle. Multi-phase hydrodynamical simulations with detailed feedback prescriptions and more realistic subgrid models for the dense phase could help to reproduce the evolution of the dust grain size distribution traced by observations.

astro-ph.GA↗