arXiv subjects

Y. Nakamura

Publications and source records attributed to Y. Nakamura.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

arXiv2020

Time molecules with periodically driven interacting qubits

We provide numerical evidence for a temporal quantum-mechanical interference phenomenon: time molecules (TM). A variety of such stroboscopic states are observed in the dynamics of two interacting qubits subject to a periodic sequence of $π$-pulses with the period $T$. The TMs appear periodically in time and have a large duration, $δt_\mathrm{TM} \gg T$. All TMs demonstrate an almost zero value of the total polarization and a strong enhancement of the entanglement entropy $S$ up to the maximum value $S=\ln 2$ of a corresponding Bell state. The TMs are generated by the commensurability of the Floquet eigenvalues and the presence of maximally entangled Floquet eigenstates. The TMs remain stable with detuned system parameters and with an increased number of qubits. The TMs can be observed in microwave experiments with an array of superconducting qubits.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2020

Search for Large-scale Anisotropy on Arrival Directions of Ultra-high-energy Cosmic Rays Observed with the Telescope Array Experiment

Motivated by the detection of a significant dipole structure in the arrival directions of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays above 8 EeV reported by the Pierre Auger Observatory (Auger), we search for a large-scale anisotropy using data collected with the surface detector array of the Telescope Array Experiment (TA). With 11 years of TA data, a dipole structure in a projection of the right ascension is fitted with an amplitude of 3.3+- 1.9% and a phase of 131 +- 33 degrees. The corresponding 99% confidence-level upper limit on the amplitude is 7.3%. At the current level of statistics, the fitted result is compatible with both an isotropic distribution and the dipole structure reported by Auger.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2020

Symmetry breaking driven by petahertz electron acceleration in a centrosymmetric organic superconductor

Charge acceleration during an intense light field application to solids attracts much attention as elementary processes in high-harmonic generation and photoelectron emission [1-7]. For manipulating such attosecond dynamics of charge, carrier-envelope-phase (CEP:relative phase between carrier oscillation of light field and its envelope function) control has been employed in insulators, nanometal and graphene [8-10]. In superconducting materials, collective control of charge motion is expected because of its strongly coherent nature of quasi-particles. Here, in a layered organic superconductor, second harmonic generation (SHG) is observed by using a single-cycle 6 femtosecond near infrared pulse, which is in contrast to the common belief that even harmonics are forbidden in the centrosymmetric system. The SHG shows a CEP sensitive nature and an enhancement near the superconducting temperature. The result and its quantum many-body analysis indicate that a polarized current is induced by non-dissipative acceleration of charge, which is amplified by superconducting fluctuations. This will lead to petahertz functions of superconductors and of strongly correlated systems.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2020

Evidence for a Supergalactic Structure of Magnetic Deflection Multiplets of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays

Evidence for a large-scale supergalactic cosmic ray multiplet (arrival directions correlated with energy) structure is reported for ultra-high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) energies above 10$^{19}$ eV using seven years of data from the Telescope Array (TA) surface detector and updated to 10 years. Previous energy-position correlation studies have made assumptions regarding magnetic field shapes and strength, and UHECR composition. Here the assumption tested is that, since the supergalactic plane is a fit to the average matter density of the local Large Scale Structure (LSS), UHECR sources and intervening extragalactic magnetic fields are correlated with this plane. This supergalactic deflection hypothesis is tested by the entire field-of-view (FOV) behavior of the strength of intermediate-scale energy-angle correlations. These multiplets are measured in spherical cap section bins (wedges) of the FOV to account for coherent and random magnetic fields. The structure found is consistent with supergalactic deflection, the previously published energy spectrum anisotropy results of TA (the hotspot and coldspot), and toy-model simulations of a supergalactic magnetic sheet. The seven year data post-trial significance of this supergalactic structure of multiplets appearing by chance, on an isotropic sky, is found by Monte Carlo simulation to be 4.2$σ$. The ten years of data post-trial significance is 4.1$σ$. Furthermore, the starburst galaxy M82 is shown to be a possible source of the TA Hotspot, and an estimate of the supergalactic magnetic field using UHECR measurements is presented.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2020

Measurement of the Proton-Air Cross Section with Telescope Array's Black Rock Mesa and Long Ridge Fluorescence Detectors, and Surface Array in Hybrid Mode

Ultra high energy cosmic rays provide the highest known energy source in the universe to measure proton cross sections. Though conditions for collecting such data are less controlled than an accelerator environment, current generation cosmic ray observatories have large enough exposures to collect significant statistics for a reliable measurement for energies above what can be attained in the lab. Cosmic ray measurements of cross section use atmospheric calorimetry to measure depth of air shower maximum ($X_{\mathrm{max}}$), which is related to the primary particle's energy and mass. The tail of the $X_{\mathrm{max}}$ distribution is assumed to be dominated by showers generated by protons, allowing measurement of the inelastic proton-air cross section. In this work the proton-air inelastic cross section measurement, $σ^{\mathrm{inel}}_{\mathrm{p-air}}$, using data observed by Telescope Array's Black Rock Mesa and Long Ridge fluorescence detectors and surface detector array in hybrid mode is presented. $σ^{\mathrm{inel}}_{\mathrm{p-air}}$ is observed to be $520.1 \pm 35.8$[Stat.] $^{+25.0}_{-40}$[Sys.]~mb at $\sqrt{s} = 73$ TeV. The total proton-proton cross section is subsequently inferred from Glauber formalism and is found to be $σ^{\mathrm{tot}}_{\mathrm{pp}} = 139.4 ^{+23.4}_{-21.3}$ [Stat.]$ ^{+15.0}_{-24.0}$[Sys.]~mb.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2020

Probing XY phase transitions in a Josephson junction array with tunable frustration

The seminal theoretical works of Berezinskii, Kosterlitz, and Thouless presented a new paradigm for phase transitions in condensed matter that are driven by topological excitations. These transitions have been extensively studied in the context of two-dimensional XY models -- coupled compasses -- and have generated interest in the context of quantum simulation. Here, we use a circuit quantum-electrodynamics architecture to study the critical behavior of engineered XY models through their dynamical response. In particular, we examine not only the unfrustrated case but also the fully-frustrated case which leads to enhanced degeneracy associated with the spin rotational [U$(1)$] and discrete chiral ($Z_2$) symmetries. The nature of the transition in the frustrated case has posed a challenge for theoretical studies while direct experimental probes remain elusive. Here we identify the transition temperatures for both the unfrustrated and fully-frustrated XY models by probing a Josephson junction array close to equilibrium using weak microwave excitations and measuring the temperature dependence of the effective damping obtained from the complex reflection coefficient. We argue that our probing technique is primarily sensitive to the dynamics of the U$(1)$ part.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2020

Electromagnetic contribution to $Σ$-$Λ$ mixing using lattice QCD+QED

Mixing in the $Σ^0$-$Λ^0$ system is a direct consequence of broken isospin symmetry and is a measure of both isospin-symmetry breaking as well as general SU(3)-flavour symmetry breaking. In this work we present a new scheme for calculating the extent of $Σ^0$-$Λ^0$ mixing using simulations in lattice QCD+QED and perform several extrapolations that compare well with various past determinations. Our scheme allows us to easily contrast the QCD-only mixing case with the full QCD+QED mixing.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2020

Determining the glue component of the nucleon

Computing the gluon component of momentum in the nucleon is a difficult and computationally expensive problem, as the matrix element involves a quark-line-disconnected gluon operator which suffers from ultra-violet fluctuations. But also necessary for a successful determination is the non-perturbative renormalisation of this operator. As a first step we investigate here this renormalisation in the RI-MOM scheme. Using quenched QCD as an example, a statistical signal is obtained in a direct calculation using an adaption of the Feynman-Hellmann technique.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2020

Scaling and higher twist in the nucleon Compton amplitude

The partonic structure of hadrons plays an important role in a vast array of high-energy and nuclear physics experiments. It also underpins the theoretical understanding of hadron structure. Recent developments in lattice QCD offer new opportunities for reliably studying partonic structure from first principles. Here we report on the use of the Feynman-Hellmann theorem to study the forward Compton amplitude in the unphysical region. We demonstrate how this amplitude provides direct constraint on hadronic inelastic structure functions. The use of external momentum transfer allows us to study the $Q^2$ evolution to explore the onset of asymptotic scaling and reveal higher-twist effects in partonic structure.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2020

Does confinement imply CP invariance of the strong interactions?

The strong coupling constant $1/g^2$ and the vacuum angle $θ$ of the SU(3) Yang-Mills theory are investigated in the infrared limit under the renormalization group flow. It is shown that the theory has an infrared attractive fixed point at $1/g^2 = θ= \,0$, which leads to linear confinement and naturally solves the strong CP problem. In particular, any initial value of $θ\neq 0$ is found to be driven to $θ= 0$ at macroscopic distances, where quarks and gluons freeze into hadrons by the confinement mechanism.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2019

Patterns of flavour symmetry breaking in hadron matrix elements involving u, d and s quarks

By considering a flavour expansion about the SU(3)-flavour symmetric point, we investigate how flavour-blindness constrains octet baryon matrix elements after SU(3) is broken by the mass difference between quarks. Similarly to hadron masses we find the expansions to be constrained along a mass trajectory where the singlet quark mass is held constant, which provides invaluable insight into the mechanism of flavour symmetry breaking and proves beneficial for extrapolations to the physical point. Expansions are given up to third order in the expansion parameters. Considering higher orders would give no further constraints on the expansion parameters. The relation of the expansion coefficients to the quark-line-connected and quark-line disconnected terms in the 3-point correlation functions is also given. As we consider Wilson clover-like fermions, the addition of improvement coefficients is also discussed and shown to be included in the formalism developed here. As an example of the method we investigate this numerically via a lattice calculation of the flavour-conserving matrix elements of the vector first class form factors.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2019

Helicity-Changing Brillouin Light Scattering by Magnons in a Ferromagnetic Crystal

Brillouin light scattering in ferromagnetic materials usually involves one magnon and two photons and their total angular momentum is conserved. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the presence of a helicity-changing two-magnon Brillouin light scattering in a ferromagetic crystal, which can be viewed as a four-wave mixing process involving two magnons and two photons. Moreover, we observe an unconventional helicity-changing one-magnon Brillouin light scattering, which apparently infringes the conservation law of the angular momentum. We show that the crystal angular momentum intervenes to compensate the missing angular momentum in the latter scattering process.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2019

Finite size effect on vector meson and baryon sectors in 2+1 flavor QCD at the physical point

We investigate the finite size effect on the vector meson and the baryon sectors using a subset of the "PACS10" configurations which are generated, keeping the space-time volumes over (10 fm$)^4$ in 2+1 flavor QCD at the physical point. Comparing the results on (5.5 fm$)^4$ and (10.9 fm$)^4$ lattices the ground states of octet baryons , which are stable on the lattice, show no finite size effect within less than 0.5% level of statistical errors. For those of vector mesons, which are unstable on the lattice, we observe that the effective masses are well below the experimental resonance levels both on (5.5 fm$)^4$ and (10.9 fm$)^4$ lattices. For the decuplet baryon sector we have found that the time dependence of the effective mass looks quite similar to that for the vector meson sector including the $Ω$ baryon channel. We discuss its origin due to a possible mixing with the nearby multihadron states. Since the $Ξ$ baryon mass can be determined with the smallest ambiguity among the vector meson and the baryon masses, we use it together with the pion and kaon masses as the physical inputs to determine the physical point.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2019

Isospin splittings in the decuplet baryon spectrum from dynamical QCD+QED

We report a new analysis of the isospin splittings within the decuplet baryon spectrum. Our numerical results are based upon five ensembles of dynamical QCD+QED lattices. The analysis is carried out within a flavour-breaking expansion which encodes the effects of breaking the quark masses and electromagnetic charges away from an approximate SU(3) symmetric point. The results display total isospin splittings within the approximate SU(2) multiplets that are compatible with phenomenological estimates. Further, new insight is gained into these splittings by separating the contributions arising from strong and electromagnetic effects. We also present an update of earlier results on the octet baryon spectrum.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2019

First Detection of Photons with Energy Beyond 100 TeV from an Astrophysical Source

We report on the highest energy photons from the Crab Nebula observed by the Tibet air shower array with the underground water-Cherenkov-type muon detector array. Based on the criterion of muon number measured in an air shower, we successfully suppress 99.92% of the cosmic-ray background events with energies $E>100$ TeV. As a result, we observed 24 photon-like events with $E>100$ TeV against 5.5 background events, which corresponds to 5.6$σ$ statistical significance. This is the first detection of photons with $E>100$ TeV from an astrophysical source.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2019

The QCD axion beyond the classical level: A lattice study

The axion is a hypothetical elementary particle postulated by the Peccei-Quinn theory to resolve the strong CP problem in QCD. If axions exist and have low mass, they are a candidate for dark matter as well. So far our knowledge of the properties of the QCD axion rests on semi-classical arguments and effective theory. In this work we perform, for the first time, a fully dynamical investigation of the Peccei-Quinn theory, focussing on the axion mass, by simulating the theory on the lattice. The results of the simulation are found to be in conflict with present axion phenomenology.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2019

Anomalous magnetic moment of the muon with dynamical QCD+QED

The current $3.5σ$ discrepancy between experimental and Standard Model determinations of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon $a_μ=(g-2)/2$ can only be extended to the discovery $5σ$ regime through a reduction of both experimental and theoretical uncertainties. On the theory side, this means a determination of the hadronic vacuum polarisation (HVP) contribution to better than 0.5%, a level of precision that demands the inclusion of QCD + QED effects to properly understand how the behaviour of quarks are modified when their electric charges are turned on. The QCDSF collaboration has generated an ensemble of configurations with dynamical QCD and QED fields with the specific aim of studying flavour breaking effects arising from differences in the quark masses and charges in physical quantities. Here we study these effects in a calculation of HVP around the SU(3) symmetric point. Furthermore, by performing partially-quenched simulations we are able to cover a larger range of quark masses and charges on these configurations and then fit the results to an SU(3) flavour breaking expansion. Subsequently, this allows for an extrapolation to the physical point.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2019

Secure quantum remote state preparation of squeezed microwave states

Quantum communication protocols based on nonclassical correlations can be more efficient than known classical methods and offer intrinsic security over direct state transfer. In particular, remote state preparation aims at the creation of a desired and known quantum state at a remote location using classical communication and quantum entanglement. We present an experimental realization of deterministic continuous-variable remote state preparation in the microwave regime over a distance of 35 cm. By employing propagating two-mode squeezed microwave states and feedforward, we achieve the remote preparation of squeezed states with up to 1.6 dB of squeezing below the vacuum level. We quantify security in our implementation using the concept of the one-time pad. Our results represent a significant step towards microwave quantum networks between superconducting circuits.

quant-ph↗