arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Y. Yu.
Small crystallites form when finite quantal systems are set highly rotating. This crystallization is independent of the statistics of the particles, and occurs for both trapped bosons and fermions. The spin degree of freedom does not change the tendency for localization. In a highly rotating state, the strongly correlated bosonic and fermionic systems approach to that of classical particles.
We show that a dilute harmonically trapped two-component gas of fermionic atoms with a weak repulsive interaction has a pronounced super-shell structure: the shell fillings due to the spherical harmonic trapping potential are modulated by a beat mode. This changes the ``magic numbers'' occurring between the beat nodes by half a period. The length and amplitude of this beating mode depend on the strength of the interaction. We give a simple interpretation of the beat structure in terms of a semiclassical trace formula for the symmetry breaking U(3) --> SO(3).
We develop a uniform semiclassical trace formula for the density of states of a three-dimensional isotropic harmonic oscillator (HO), perturbed by a term $\propto r^4$. This term breaks the U(3) symmetry of the HO, resulting in a spherical system with SO(3) symmetry. We first treat the anharmonic term in semiclassical perturbation theory by integration of the action of the perturbed periodic HO orbits over the manifold $\mathbb{C}$P$^2$ which characterizes their 4-fold degeneracy. Then we obtain an analytical uniform trace formula which in the limit of strong perturbations (or high energy) asymptotically goes over into the correct trace formula of the full anharmonic system with SO(3) symmetry, and in the limit $ε$ (or energy) $\to 0$ restores the HO trace formula with U(3) symmetry. We demonstrate that the gross-shell structure of this anharmonically perturbed system is dominated by the two-fold degenerate diameter and circular orbits, and {\it not} by the orbits with the largest classical degeneracy, which are the three-fold degenerate tori with rational ratios $ω_r:ω_ϕ=N:M$ of radial and angular frequencies. The same holds also for the limit of a purely quartic spherical potential $V(r)\propto r^4$.
Single-, two-, and three-photon transitions were driven amongst five quantum states of a niobium persistent-current qubit. A multi-level energy-band diagram was extracted using microwave spectroscopy, and avoided crossings were directly measured between the third and fourth excited states. The energy relaxation times between states connected by single-photon and multi-photon transitions were approximately 30 - 100 microseconds. Three-photon coherent oscillations were observed between the qubit ground and fourth excited states with a decoherence time of approximately 50 nanoseconds.
In situ high-pressure energy dispersive x-ray diffraction experiments on polycrystalline powder TiN with NaCl-type structure have been conducted with the pressure up to 30.1 GPa by using the diamond anvil cell instrument with synchrotron radiation at room tempearture. The experimental results suggested that an isostructural phase transition might exist at about 7 GPa as revealed by the discontinuity of V/V0 with pressure.
Using the apical oxygen doping mechanism, i.e. a partial substitution of divalence O for the monovalence Cl, a p-type oxychloride cuprate superconductor, Sr2CuO2+xCl2-y, was synthesized at high pressure high temperature. The x-ray diffraction refinement suggests the superconductor crystallizes into a 0201 structure with space group I4/mmm and lattice parameters being a=3.92A, c=15.6 A. The magnetic susceptibility as well as resistance measurements indicated that the bulk superconductivity with transition temperature 30K was achieved in the sample.
Vortices can form when finite quantal systems are set to rotate. In the limit of small particle numbers the vortex formation in a harmonically trapped fermion system, with repulsively interacting particles, shows similarities to the corresponding boson system, with vortices entering the rotating cloud for increasing rotation. We show that for a larger number of fermions, $N\gtrsim15$, the fermion vortices compete and co-exist with (Chamon-Wen) edge-reconstructed ground states, forcing some ground states, for instance the central single vortex, into the spectrum of excited states. Experimentally, the fermion system could for instance be a semiconductor heterostructure, a quantum dot, and the corresponding boson system a magneto optical trap (MOT).
In a quantum-mechanical system, particle-hole duality implies that instead of studying particles, we can get equivalent information by studying the missing particles, the so-called holes. Using this duality picture for rotating fermion condensates the vortices appear as holes in the Fermi see. Here we predict that the formation of vortices in quantum dots at high magnetic fields causes oscillations in the energy spectrum which can be experimentally observed using accurate tunnelling spectroscopy. We use the duality picture to show that these oscillations are caused by the localisation of vortices in rings.
We present a brief account of two phenomena taking place in a neutron star crust: the Fermionic Casimir effect and the major density depletion of the cores of the superfluid neutron vortices.
With large-scale Monte Carlo simulations, we confirm that for the two-dimensional XY model, there is a logarithmic correction to scaling in the dynamic relaxation starting from a completely disordered state, while only an inverse power law correction in the case of starting from an ordered state. The dynamic exponent $z$ is $z=2.04(1)$.
The excitation spectra of the T=0 dynamic structure factors for the spin, dimer, and trimer fluctuation operators as well as for the newly defined center fluctuation operator in the one-dimensional S=1 Heisenberg model wi th isotropic bilinear $(J\cosθ)$ and biquadratic $(J\sinθ)$ exchange are investigated via the recursion method for systems with up to N=18 site s over the predicted range, $-π/4<θ\lesssimπ/4$, of the topologically ordered Haldane phase. The four static and dynamic structure factors probe t he ordering tendencies in the various coupling regimes and the elementary and composite excitations which dominate the T=0 dynamics. At $θ= \arctan{1/3}$ (VBS point), the dynamically relevant spectra in the invariant subspaces with total spin $S_T = 0,1,2$ are dominated by a branch of magnon states $(S_T = 1)$, by continua of two-magnon scattering states $(S_T = 0,1,2)$, and by discrete branches of two-magnon bound states with positive interaction energy $(S_T = 0,2)$. The dimer and trimer spectra at $q=π$ ar e found to consist of single modes with $N$-independent excitation energies $ω_λ^D/|e_0|=5$ and $ω_λ^T/|e_0|=6$, where $e_0=E_0/N$ is the ground-state energy per site. The basic structure of the dynamically relevant excitation spectrum remains the same over a substantial parameter range within the Haldane phase. At the transition to the dimerized phase ($θ=-π/4$), the two-magnon excitations turn into two-spinon excitations.
Quasielectrons and quasiholes in the fractional quantum Hall liquids obey fractional (including nontrivial mutual) exclusion statistics. Their statistics matrix can be determined from several possible state-counting scheme, involving different assumptions on statistical correlations. Thermal activation of quasiparticle pairs and thermodynamic properties of the fractional quantum Hall liquids near fillings $1/m$ ($m$ odd) at low temperature are studied in the approximation of generalized ideal gas. The existence of hierarchical states in the fractional quantum Hall effect is shown to be a manifestation of the exclusonic nature of the relevant quasiparticles. For magnetic properties, a paramagnetism-diamagnetism transition appears to be possible at finite temperature.
Non-Fermi liquid behavior is found for the first time in a two-dimensional (2D) system with non-singular interactions using Haldane's bosonization scheme. The bosonized system is solved exactly by a generalized Bogoliubov transformation. The fermion momentum distribution, calculated using a generalized Mattis-Lieb technique, exhibits a non-universal power law in the vicinity of the Fermi surface for intermediate interaction strengths.