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Yair Glasner

Publications and source records attributed to Yair Glasner.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Extensions of invariant random orders on groups

In this paper we study the action of a countable group $Γ$ on the space of orders on the group. In particular, we are concerned with the invariant probability measures on this space, known as invariant random orders. We show that for any countable group the space of random invariant orders is rich enough to contain an isomorphic copy of any free ergodic action, and characterize the non-free actions realizable. We prove a Glasner-Weiss dichotomy regarding the simplex of invariant random orders. We also show that the invariant partial order on $\mathrm{SL}_3(\mathbf{Z})$ corresponding to the semigroup of positive matrices cannot be extended to an invariant random total order. We thus provide the first example for a partial order (deterministic or random) that cannot be randomly extended.

math.DS

Elementwise conservative actions and new constructions of boomerang subgroups

We show that countable non-abelian free groups admit uncountably many mutually singular elementwise conservative non-singular random subgroups, which are supported on infinite subgroups of infinite index and singular with respect to every invariant random subgroup. This complements recent rigidity results for elementwise-conservative random subgroups in higher rank lattices by the first- and third-named authors. Our proof is based on a study of representations of free groups into measurable full groups in which the action of the first generator of the free group is fixed. We show that elementwise conservativity is generic among such representations in the sense of Baire category.

math.GR

Strong subgroup recurrence and the Nevo-Stuck-Zimmer theorem

Let $Γ$ be a countable group and $\mathrm{Sub}(Γ)$ its Chabauty space, namely the compact $Γ$-space consisting of all subgroups of $Γ$. We call a subgroup $Δ\in \mathrm{Sub}(Γ)$ a boomerang subgroup if for every $γ\in Γ$, $γ^{n_i} Δγ^{-n_i} \rightarrow Δ$ for some subsequence $\{n_i \} \subset \mathbb{N}$. Poincaré recurrence implies that $μ$-almost every subgroup of $Γ$ is a boomerang, with respect to every invariant random subgroup $μ$ of $Γ$. We establish for boomerang subgroups many density related properties, most of which are known to hold almost surely for invariant random subgroups. Let $\mathbb{K}$ be a number field, $O$ its ring of integers, $S$ a finite set of valuations including all the Archimedean valuations, and $\mathbb{G}$ an absolutely almost simple group defined over $\mathbb{K}$. Our main result is that if $\mathrm{rk}_{\mathbb{K}} \mathbb{G} \ge 2$ then any $Γ$ which is commensurable to the $S$-arithmetic group $\mathbb{G}(O_S)$ has very few boomerang subgroups. Namely, every boomerang in $Γ$ is either finite and central or of finite index. In particular we recover Margulis' normal subgroup theorem as well as the Nevo-Stuck-Zimmer theorem for such lattices. We include a short, accessible proof for the above theorem in the case that $Γ$ is commensurable to $\mathrm{SL}_n(\mathbb{Z}), \ n \ge 3$.

math.GR

Crossed products of dynamical systems; rigidity Vs. strong proximality

Given a dynamical system $(X, Γ)$, the corresponding crossed product $C^*$-algebra $C(X)\rtimes_{r}Γ$ is called reflecting, when every intermediate $C^*$-algebra $C^*_r(Γ)<\mathcal{A} < C(X)\rtimes_{r}Γ$ is of the form $\mathcal{A}=C(Y)\rtimes_{r}Γ$, corresponding to a dynamical factor $X \rightarrow Y$. It is called almost reflecting if $\mathbb{E}(\mathcal{A}) \subset \mathcal{A}$ for every such $\mathcal{A}$. These two notions coincide for groups admitting the approximation property (AP). Let $Γ$ be a non-elementary convergence group or a lattice in $\text{SL}_d(\mathbb{R})$ for some $d \ge 2$. We show that any uniformly rigid system $(X,Γ)$ is almost reflecting. In particular, this holds for any equicontinuous action. In the von Neumann setting, for the same groups $Γ$ and any uniformly rigid system $(X,\mathcal{B},μ, Γ)$ the crossed product algebra $L^{\infty}(X,μ)\rtimesΓ$ is reflecting. An inclusion of algebras $\mathcal{A}\subset\mathcal{B}$ is called $\textit{minimal ambient}$ if there are no intermediate algebras. As a demonstration of our methods, we construct examples of minimal ambient inclusions with various interesting properties in the $C^*$ and the von Neumann settings.

math.OA

Non-Abelian Factors for Actions of $\mathbb{Z}$ and Other Non-$C^*$-Simple Groups

Let $Γ$ be a countable group and $(X, Γ)$ a compact topological dynamical system. We study the question of the existence of an intermediate $C^*$-subalgebra $\mathcal{A}$ $$C^{*}_{r}(Γ)<\mathcal{A}<C(X)\rtimes_rΓ,$$ which is not of the form $\mathcal{A} = C(Y) \rtimes_r Γ$, corresponding to a factor map $(X,Γ) \to (Y,Γ)$. Here $ C^{*}_{r} (Γ)$ and $C(X) \rtimes_r Γ$ are the reduced $C^*$-algebras of $Γ$ and $(X,Γ)$ respectively. Our main results are (1) For $Γ$, which is not $C^*$-simple, if $(X,Γ)$ admits a $Γ$-invariant probability measure, then such a sub-algebra always exists. (2) For $Γ= \mathbb{Z}$ and $(X, Γ)$ an irrational rotation of the circle $X = S^1$, we give a full description of all these non-crossed-product subalgebras.

math.OA

Faithful invariant random subgroups in acylindrically hyperbolic groups

Building on work from Sun and Kechris-Quorning, we prove that every acylindrically hyperbolic group $G$ admits a weakly mixing probability measure preserving action $G \curvearrowright (X,\mathcal{B},μ)$ which is faithful but not essentially free. In other words, $G$ admits a weakly mixing nontrivial faithful IRS. We also prove that every non-elementary hyperbolic group admits a characteristic random subgroup with the same properties.

math.GR

Maximal subgroups of countable groups, a survey

This paper is a survey on the works [MS77, MS79, MS81] on maximal subgroups in finitely generated linear groups, and the works that followed it [GG08, GG13b, GG13a, Kap03, Iva92, HO16, GM16, AGS14, Sf90, Sf98, Per05, AKT16, FG18, GS17] concerning maximal subgroups of infinite index in linear groups as well as in various other groups possessing a suitable geometry or dynamics.

math.GR

Non-split linear sharply $2$-transitive groups

We give examples of countable linear groups in $SL_{n}(R)$ for $n \ge 3$, with no nontrivial normal abelian subgroups, that admit a faithful sharply 2-transitive action on a set. Without the linearity assumption, such groups were recently constructed by Rips, Segev, and Tent. Our examples are of permutational characteristic $2$, in the sense that involutions do not fix a point in the $2$-transitive action.

math.GR

A minimal PI cascade with $2^{\mathfrak{c}}$ minimal ideals

We first improve an old result of McMahon and show that a metric minimal flow whose enveloping semigroup contains less than $2^{\mathfrak{c}}$ (where ${\mathfrak{c}} ={2^{\aleph_0}}$) minimal left ideals is PI. Then we show the existence of various minimal PI flows with many minimal left ideals, as follows. For the acting group $G=SL_2(\mathbb{R})^\mathbb{N}$, we construct a metric minimal PI $G$-flow with $\mathfrak{c}$ minimal left ideals. We then use this example and results established in \cite{GW-79} to construct a metric minimal PI cascade $(X,T)$ with $\mathfrak{c}$ minimal left ideals. We go on and construct an example of a minimal PI-flow $(Y, \mathcal{G})$ on a compact manifold $Y$ and a suitable path-wise connected group $\mathcal{G}$ of homeomorphism of $Y$, such that the flow $(Y, \mathcal{G})$ is PI and has $2^{\mathfrak{c}}$ minimal left ideals. Finally, we use this latter example and a theorem of Dirbák to construct a cascade $(X, T)$ which is PI (of order 3) and has $2^\mathfrak{c}$ minimal left ideals. Thus this final result shows that, even for cascades, the converse of the implication "less than $2^\mathfrak{c}$ minimal left ideals implies PI", fails.

math.DS

Automorphism Groups of Trees: Generalities and Prescribed Local Actions

This article is an expanded version of the talks given by the authors at the Arbeitsgemeinschaft "Totally Disconnected Groups", held at Oberwolfach in October 2014. We recall the basic theory of automorphisms of trees and Tits' simplicity theorem, and present two constructions of tree groups via local actions with their basic properties: the universal group associated to a finite permutation group by M. Burger and S. Mozes, and the $k$-closures of a given group by C. Banks, M. Elder and G. Willis.

math.GR

From isolated subgroups to generic permutation representations

Let $G$ be a countable group, $\operatorname{Sub}(G)$ the (compact, metric) space of all subgroups of $G$ with the Chabauty topology and $\operatorname{Is}(G) \subset \operatorname{Sub}(G)$ the collection of isolated points. We denote by $X!$ the (Polish) group of all permutations of a countable set $X$. Then the following properties are equivalent: (i) $\operatorname{Is}(G)$ is dense in $\operatorname{Sub}(G)$, (ii) $G$ admits a "generic permutation representation". Namely there exists some $τ^* \in \operatorname{Hom}(G,X!)$ such that the collection of permutation representations $\{ϕ\in \operatorname{Hom}(G,X!) \ | \ ϕ{\text{is permutation isomorphic to}} τ^*\}$ is co-meager in $\operatorname{Hom}(G,X!)$. We call groups satisfying these properties solitary. Examples of solitary groups include finitely generated LERF groups and groups with countably many subgroups.

math.GR

Invariant random subgroups of linear groups

Let $Γ< \mathrm{GL}_n(F)$ be a countable non-amenable linear group with a simple, center free Zariski closure, $\mathrm{Sub}(Γ)$ the space of all subgroups of $Γ$ with the, compact, metric, Chabauty topology. An invariant random subgroup (IRS) of $Γ$ is a conjugation invariant Borel probability measure on $\mathrm{Sub}(Γ)$. An $\mathrm{IRS}$ is called nontrivial if it does not have an atom in the trivial group, i.e. if it is nontrivial almost surely. We denote by $\mathrm{IRS}^{0}(Γ)$ the collection of all nontrivial $\mathrm{IRS}$ on $Γ$. We show that there exits a free subgroup $F < Γ$ and a non-discrete group topology $\mathrm{St}$ on $Γ$ such that for every $μ\in \mathrm{IRS}^{0}(Γ)$ the following properties hold: (i) $μ$-almost every subgroup of $Γ$ is open. (ii) $F \cdot Δ= Γ$ for $μ$-almost every $Δ\in \mathrm{Sub}(Γ)$. (iii) $F \cap Δ$ is infinitely generated, for every open subgroup. (iv) The map $Φ: (\mathrm{Sub}(Γ),μ) \rightarrow (\mathrm{Sub}(F),Φ_* μ)$ given by $Δ\mapsto Δ\cap F$, is an $F$-invariant isomorphism of probability spaces. We say that an action of $Γ$ on a probability space, by measure preserving transformations, is almost surely non free (ASNF) if almost all point stabilizers are non-trivial. As a corollary of the above theorem we show that the product of finitely many ANSF $Γ$-spaces, with the diagonal $Γ$ action, is ASNF. Let $Γ< \mathrm{GL}_n(F)$ be a countable linear group, $A \lhd Γ$ the maximal normal amenable subgroup of $Γ$. We show that if $μ\in \mathrm{IRS}(Γ)$ is supported on amenable subgroups of $Γ$ then in fact it is supported on $\mathrm{Sub}(A)$. In particular if $A(Γ) = \langle e \rangle$ then $Δ= \langle e \rangle, μ$ almost surely.

math.GR

The measurable Kesten theorem

We give explicit estimates between the spectral radius and the densities of short cycles for finite d-regular graphs. This allows us to show that the essential girth of a finite d-regular Ramanujan graph G is at least c log log |G|. We prove that infinite d-regular Ramanujan unimodular random graphs are trees. Using Benjamini-Schramm convergence this leads to a rigidity result saying that if most eigenvalues of a d-regular finite graph G fall in the Alon-Boppana region, then the eigenvalue distribution of G is close to the spectral measure of the d-regular tree. Kesten showed that if a Cayley graph has the same spectral radius as its universal cover, then it must be a tree. We generalize this to unimodular random graphs.

math.PR

Generic IRS in free groups, after Bowen

Let $E$ be a measure preserving equivalence relation, with countable equivalence classes, on a standard Borel probability space $(X,B,μ)$. Let $([E],d_{u})$ be the the (Polish) full group endowed with the uniform metric. If $F_r = \langle s_1, \ldots, s_r \rangle$ is a free group on $r$-generators and $α\in \operatorname{Hom}(F_r,[E])$ then the stabilizer of a $μ$-random point $α(F_r)_x$ is a random subgroup of $F_r$ whose distribution is conjugation invariant. Such an object is known as an "invariant random subgroup" or an IRS for short. Bowen's generic model for IRS in $F_r$ is obtained by taking $α$ to be a Baire generic element in the Polish space $\operatorname{Hom}(F_r, [E])$. The "lean aperiodic model" is a similar model where one forces $α(F_r)$ to have infinite orbits by imposing that $α(s_1)$ be aperiodic. In this setting we show that for $r < \infty$ the generic IRS $α(F_r)_x$ is of finite index in $F_r$ a.s. if and only if $E = E_0$ is the hyperfinite equivalence relation. For any ergodic equivalence relation we show that a generic IRS coming from the lean aperiodic model is co-amenable and core free. Finally, we consider the situation where $α(F_r)$ is highly transitive on almost every orbit and in particular the corresponding IRS is supported on maximal subgroups. Using a result of Le-Maître we show that such examples exist for any aperiodic ergodic $E$ of finite cost. For the hyperfinite equivalence relation $E_0$ we show that high transitivity is generic in the lean aperiodic model.

math.GR

A note on LERF groups and generic group actions

Let $G$ be a finitely generated group, $\mathrm{Sub}(G)$ the (compact, metric) space of all subgroups of $G$ with the Chaubuty topology and $X!$ the (Polish) group of all permutations of a countable set $X$. We show that the following properties are equivalent: (i) Every finitely generated subgroup is closed in the profinite topology, (ii) the finite index subgroups are dense in $\mathrm{Sub}(G)$, (iii) A Baire generic homomorphism $ϕ: G \rightarrow X!$ admits only finite orbits. Property (i) is known as the LERF property. We introduce a new family of groups which we call {\it{A-separable}} groups. These are defined by replacing, in (ii) above, the word "finite index" by the word "co-amenalbe". The class of A-separable groups contains all LERF groups, all amenable groups and more. We investigate some properties of these groups.

math.GR

An Aschbacher--O'Nan--Scott theorem for countable linear groups

The purpose of this note is to extend the classical Aschbacher--O'Nan--Scott theorem for finite groups to the class of countable linear groups. This relies on the analysis of primitive actions carried out in a previous paper. Unlike the situation for finite groups, we show here that the number of primitive actions depends on the type: linear groups of almost simple type admit infinitely (and in fact unaccountably) many primitive actions, while affine and diagonal groups admit only one. The abundance of primitive permutation representations is particularly interesting for rigid groups such as simple and arithmetic ones.

math.GR

Sharply 2-transitive linear groups

A group G is sharply 2-transitive if it admits a faithful permutation representation that is transitive and free on pairs of distinct points. Conjecturally, for all such groups there exists a near-field N (i.e. a skew field that is distributive only from the left) such that G is isomorphic to the semidirect product of the multiplicative and additive groups of N. This is well known in the finite case. We prove this conjecture when G < GL(n,F) is a linear group. Here we have to assume that both the characteristic of the field F and the permutational characteristic of the group G (see Definition 2.1) are not equal to 2.

math.GR