arXiv subjects

Yan-Hao Xu

Publications and source records attributed to Yan-Hao Xu.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2025

Probing Supernova Neutrino Boosted Dark Matter with Collective Excitation

We explore the supernova neutrino-boosted dark matter (SN$ν$BDM) and its direct detection. During core-collapse supernovae, an abundance of neutrinos are emitted. These supernova neutrinos can transfer their kinetic energy to the light dark matter via their interactions, and thus are detected in the neutrino and dark matter experiments. Due to the exponential suppression of the high-energy neutrino flux, the kinetic energy carried by a large portion of SN$ν$BDM falls within the MeV range. This could potentially produce the collective excitation signals in the semiconductor detectors with the skipper-CCD. We calculate the plasmon excitation rate induced by SN$ν$BDM and derive the exclusion limits. In contrast with conventional neutrino and dark matter direct detection experiments, our results present a significant enhancement in sensitivity for the sub-MeV dark matter.

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arXiv2024

Boosted Dark Matter From Centaurus A and Its Detection

Dark matter can be boosted by high energy particles in astrophysical environments through elastic scattering. We study the production of boosted dark matter via scattering with electrons in the relativistic jet of the closest active galactic nucleus, Centaurus A, and its detection in the Super-Kamiokande experiment. Since there are a huge number of electrons in the jet and dark matter is extremely dense around the supermassive black hole that powers the jet, the number of boosted dark matter is tremendously large. Compared to boosted dark matter from blazars, the dark matter flux from Centaurus A is enhanced due to the proximity of Centaurus A. The constraint on dark matter-electron scattering cross section set by Super-Kamiokande is more stringent, down to $\sim 10^{-36} \, \mathrm{cm}^2$ for $\mathrm{MeV}$ dark matter.

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arXiv2023

Azimuthal asymmetry in cosmic-ray boosted dark matter flux

Light halo dark matter (DM) particles up-scattered by high-energy cosmic rays (referred to as CRDM) can be energetic and become detectable at conventional DM and neutrino experiments. We show that the CRDM flux has a novel and detectable morphological feature. Unlike most of the recently proposed boosted DM (BDM) models which predict azimuthally symmetric DM fluxes around the Galactic Center, the CRDM flux breaks the azimuthal symmetry significantly. Using cosmic-ray electron distribution in the whole Galaxy and optimized search region in the sky according to the morphology of the CRDM flux, we derive so far the most stringent constraints on the DM-electron scattering cross section from the Super-Kamiokande (SK) IV data, which improves the previous constraints from the SK-IV full-sky data by more than an order of magnitude. Based on the improved constraints, we predict that the azimuthal symmetry-breaking effect can be observed in the future Hyper-Kamiokande experiment at $\sim 3σ$ level.

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arXiv2022

Production and attenuation of cosmic-ray boosted dark matter

Light sub-GeV halo dark matter (DM) particles up-scattered by high-energy cosmic-rays (CRs) (referred to as CRDM) can be energetic and become detectable by conventional DM direct detection experiments. We perform a refined analysis on the exclusion bounds of the spin-independent DM-nucleon scattering cross section $σ_{χp}$ in this approach. For the exclusion lower bounds, we determine the parameter of the effective distance $D_\text{eff}$ for CRDM production using spatial-dependent CR fluxes and including the contributions from the major heavy CR nuclear species. We obtain $D_\text{eff}\simeq 9$ kpc for CRDM particles with kinetic energy above $\sim 1~\text{GeV}$, which pushes the corresponding exclusion lower bounds down to $σ_{χp} \sim 4\times 10^{-32}~\text{cm}^2$ for DM particle mass at MeV scale and below. For the exclusion upper bounds from Earth attenuation, previous estimations neglecting the nuclear form factor leaded to typical exclusion upper bounds of $σ_{χp}\sim\mathcal{O}(10^{-28})~\text{cm}^2$ from the XENON1T data. Using both the analytic and numerical approaches, we show that for CRDM particles, the presence of the nuclear form factor strongly suppresses the effect of Earth attenuation. Consequently, the cross section that can be excluded by the XENON1T data can be a few orders of magnitude higher, which closes the gap in the cross sections excluded by the XENON1T experiment and that by the astrophysical measurements such that for the cosmic microwave background (CMB), galactic gas cloud cooling, and structure formation, etc..

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arXiv2021

Constraining light dark matter upscattered by ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays

Light halo dark matter (DM) particles upscattered by high-energy cosmic rays (CRs) can be energetic, and become detectable by conventional direct detection experiments. The current constraints derived from space-based direct CR measurements can reach $\mathcal{O}(10^{-31})\text{ cm}^{2}$ for a constant DM-nucleon scattering cross section. We show that if the CR energy spectrum follows a power law of type $\sim E^{-3}$, the derived constraints on the scattering cross section will be highly insensitive to DM particle mass. This suggests that ultrahigh-energy CRs (UHECRs) indirectly measured by ground-based detectors can be used to place constraints on ultralight DM particles, as $E^{-3}$ is a very good approximation of the UHECR energy spectrum up to energy $\sim10^{20}\text{ eV}$. Using the recent UHECR flux data, we show that the current constraints derived from space-based CR measurements can in principle be extended to ultralight DM particles far below eV scale.

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