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Yandong Liu

Publications and source records attributed to Yandong Liu.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2026

Symmetry Breaking as Quantum Gate: Entropy and Weak Mixing Angle

We establish a correspondence between two independent entropic probes -- the variation of Rényi mutual information (RMI) across the electroweak symmetry breaking (EWSB) transition and the stabilizer Rényi entropy (SRE) -- in tree-level $2\to 2$ elastic scatterings. After angular averaging, the RMI (helicity basis) and the SRE (fixed beam basis) exhibit identical dependence on $\sin^2θ_W$ within each neutral-current channel. We trace this correspondence to a common physical origin that it's the Yukawa mass insertion acts as a $-\mathrm{i}Y$ quantum gate in chirality space. Minimizing entropies across all processes yields $\sin^2θ_W$ values matching purely axial vector-like couplings in $Z$ boson exchanged channel.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2026

AI-Driven Discovery of Information-Efficient Collider Observables for Interference Measurements

Optimal observables provide statistically powerful probes of small deformations from a reference theory, but in realistic collider measurements they are rarely available in compact analytic form. We show that interpretable event-level observables can be discovered by AI-driven symbolic evolution using score information from matrix-element reweighting as the statistical target. Focusing on the CP-sensitive interaction $HZ_{μν}\tilde Z^{μν}$, we study two complementary realizations of the same coupling structure: associated production $e^+e^-\to Z(\to μ^-μ^+)H$ and the decay channel $pp\to H\to ZZ^*\to e^-e^+μ^-μ^+$. The learned observables retain substantially more local Fisher information than standard angular baselines while remaining compact analytic functions. In both cases, the discovered expressions recover characteristic helicity-interference harmonics. In associated production these harmonics are supplemented by laboratory-frame asymmetry mappings, while in four-lepton decay the robust component is the angular kernel, with the mass-ratio factor serving as a bounded representative prefactor. These results recast optimal-observable design as a symbolic discovery problem and provide a transparent route to information-efficient, interpretable probes of collider interference.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2026

Spin Correlation and Quantum Entanglement of Fermion Pairs in Transversely Polarized $e^-e^+$ Collisions

We systematically study the spin correlations and quantum entanglement in transversely polarized electron-positron collisions. We find that the $s$-channel QED process $e^-e^+\to f\bar f$ produces a maximally entangled state in the entire phase space when the initial beams are transversely polarized, while the quantum magic varies in different phase space points for the maximally entangled Bell states. For electroweak processes, the spin configuration of final states depends on chiral couplings, and the entanglement is also greatly enhanced by transverse polarization as in the QED process. For Bhabha scattering with additional $t$-channel contributions, the transverse polarization still increases the final state entanglement, although with some dilution. The sensitive dependence of final spin states on the transverse polarization makes the beam polarization a powerful tool for generating and controlling quantum entanglement in collider experiments, opening up new opportunities for quantum information studies at high-energy colliders.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2026

Probing the CP Property of ALP-photon Interactions at Future Lepton Colliders

We investigate a charge-parity (CP) odd axion-like particle (ALP) featuring simultaneous CP-conserving ($a F_{μν}\tilde{F}^{μν}$) and CP-violating ($a F_{μν}F^{μν}$) ALP-photon interactions at future lepton colliders. The ALP signal is studied in the process $e^+e^- \to e^+e^- a \to e^+e^- γγ$, where the CP structure of the interaction can be probed using the azimuthal angle difference between the final-state electrons, $Δϕ_{ee}$. We show that the projected sensitivity to the ALP-photon couplings can reach $\mathcal{O}(10^{-3})~\mathrm{TeV}^{-1}$, exceeding current constraints from the electron electric dipole moment ($e$EDM). Because purely CP-conserving, purely CP-violating, and mixed interactions generate distinct $Δϕ_{ee}$ distributions, a binned likelihood analysis of this observable enables an efficient discrimination of the ALP interaction structure. In particular, if the CP-conserving and CP-violating couplings are comparable--as motivated by possible symmetry considerations--the interference pattern in the $Δϕ_{ee}$ distribution allows future lepton colliders to identify CP violation in the ALP sector once a signal is observed. For scenarios where the two couplings differ significantly, increasing the integrated luminosity substantially improves the sensitivity to CP-violating effects.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2026

Probing CP Violation through Vector Boson Fusion at High-Energy Muon Colliders

We investigate CP-violating effects in electroweak interactions at future high-energy muon colliders within the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) framework. Focusing on four dimension-six CP-odd operators -- $ \mathcal{O}_{\widetilde{W}}, \mathcal{O}_{H\widetilde{W}}, \mathcal{O}_{H\widetilde{W}B}, \mathcal{O}_{H\widetilde{B}}$ -- we analyze vector boson fusion production of $W$ and Higgs bosons using CP-odd observables and their asymmetries. With detailed simulations including parton showering, hadronization, and detector effects, we derive exclusion sensitivities through a binned likelihood analysis. For example, at $\sqrt{s} = 3$ TeV with 2 ab$^{-1}$, the coefficient $C_{\widetilde{W}}$ can be constrained at the $\mathcal{O}(0.02)$ level, improving to $\mathcal{O}(0.008)$ at 10 TeV with 2 ab$^{-1}$, and $\mathcal{O}(0.003)$ with 10 ab$^{-1}$. These results significantly surpass current LHC and projected ILC sensitivities, demonstrating the unique potential of high-energy muon colliders to provide direct and model-independent probes of CP violation in the electroweak sector.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2026

Berry phase in axion physics, SM global structure, and generalized symmetries

We investigate the Berry phase arising from axion-photon and axion-fermion interactions. The effective Hamiltonians in both systems share the same form, enabling a unified description of the Berry phase and providing a novel perspective on axion experiments. We conceptually propose a new photon-ring experiment for axion detection. Furthermore, we demonstrate that measuring the axion-induced Berry phase offers a unique method for probing the global structure of the Standard Model gauge group and axion-related generalized symmetries.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2025

Towards Quantum Simulations of Sphaleron Dynamics at Colliders

Sphaleron dynamics in the Standard Model at high-energy particle collisions remains experimentally unobserved, with theoretical predictions hindered by its nonperturbative real-time nature. In this work, we investigate a quantum simulation approach to this challenge. Taking the $1+1$D $O(3)$ model as a protocol towards studying dynamics of sphaleron in the electroweak theory, we identify the sphaleron configuration and establish lattice parameters that reproduce continuum sphaleron energies with controlled precision. We then develop quantum algorithms to simulate sphaleron evolutions where quantum effects can be included. This work lays the ground to establish quantum simulations for studying the interaction between classical topological objects and particles in the quantum field theory that are usually inaccessible to classical methods and computations.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2025

Composed Multi-modal Retrieval: A Survey of Approaches and Applications

The burgeoning volume of multi-modal data necessitates advanced retrieval paradigms beyond unimodal and cross-modal approaches. Composed Multi-modal Retrieval (CMR) emerges as a pivotal next-generation technology, enabling users to query images or videos by integrating a reference visual input with textual modifications, thereby achieving unprecedented flexibility and precision. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of CMR, covering its fundamental challenges, technical advancements, and applications. CMR is categorized into supervised, zero-shot, and semi-supervised learning paradigms. We discuss key research directions, including data construction, model architecture, and loss optimization in supervised CMR, as well as transformation frameworks and linear integration in zero-shot CMR, and semi-supervised CMR that leverages generated pseudo-triplets while addressing data noise/uncertainty. Additionally, we extensively survey the diverse application landscape of CMR, highlighting its transformative potential in e-commerce, social media, search engines, public security, etc. Seven high impact application scenarios are explored in detail with benchmark data sets and performance analysis. Finally, we further provide new potential research directions with the hope of inspiring exploration in other yet-to-be-explored fields. A curated list of works is available at: https://github.com/kkzhang95/Awesome-Composed-Multi-modal-Retrieval

cs.IR↗
arXiv2025

MVP-CBM:Multi-layer Visual Preference-enhanced Concept Bottleneck Model for Explainable Medical Image Classification

The concept bottleneck model (CBM), as a technique improving interpretability via linking predictions to human-understandable concepts, makes high-risk and life-critical medical image classification credible. Typically, existing CBM methods associate the final layer of visual encoders with concepts to explain the model's predictions. However, we empirically discover the phenomenon of concept preference variation, that is, the concepts are preferably associated with the features at different layers than those only at the final layer; yet a blind last-layer-based association neglects such a preference variation and thus weakens the accurate correspondences between features and concepts, impairing model interpretability. To address this issue, we propose a novel Multi-layer Visual Preference-enhanced Concept Bottleneck Model (MVP-CBM), which comprises two key novel modules: (1) intra-layer concept preference modeling, which captures the preferred association of different concepts with features at various visual layers, and (2) multi-layer concept sparse activation fusion, which sparsely aggregates concept activations from multiple layers to enhance performance. Thus, by explicitly modeling concept preferences, MVP-CBM can comprehensively leverage multi-layer visual information to provide a more nuanced and accurate explanation of model decisions. Extensive experiments on several public medical classification benchmarks demonstrate that MVP-CBM achieves state-of-the-art accuracy and interoperability, verifying its superiority. Code is available at https://github.com/wcj6/MVP-CBM.

cs.CV↗
arXiv2025

First Constraint on Axion-Photon Coupling $g_γ$ from Neutron Star Observations

We propose a novel method to detect axions which uniquely depends on the dimensionless axion-photon coupling $g_γ$, independent of the suppressive axion decay constant $f_a$. Using neutron star PSR B1919+21 data from the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope, we derive the first constraint $|g_γ|<0.93$ at $1σ$ confidence level for ultra-light axions ($m_a < 10^{-11}$ eV).

hep-ph↗
arXiv2024

Unitarity Bounds and Basis Transformations in SMEFT: An Analysis of Warsaw and SILH Bases

The equivalence between the Warsaw and SILH bases in Standard Model Effective Field Theory is well established, with transformation rules connecting the two via equations of motion and field redefinitions. This study presents an explicit calculation of the analytical unitarity bounds-defined as the marginal limit of the parameter space-for dimension-six operators within both the Warsaw and SILH bases. We employ a coupled channel analysis to scrutinize scattering processes involving vector bosons and fermions. We conduct a comprehensive investigation into the transformation of unitarity bounds under changes in the operator basis. Our findings demonstrate that the transformation rules, as implicated by the equivalence theorem, can be directly applied to convert unitarity bounds from one basis to another, provided that the operators involved in the transformation rules do not belong to the same subset defined by a block in the coupled channel matrix.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2023

Measuring $hhWW$ Coupling at Lepton Colliders

The quartic Higgs-gauge-boson coupling $g_{hhWW}$ is sensitive to the electroweak symmetry breaking mechanism, however, it is challenging to be measured at the large hadron collider. We show that the coupling can be well probed at future lepton colliders through di-Higgs boson production via the vector boson fusion channel. We perform a detailed simulation of $\ell^+\ell^-\to ν\barνhh\to 4b\,+ \!\!\not{\!\! E}_T$ with parton showering effects at $e^+e^-$, $μ^+μ^-$ and $e^-μ^+$ colliders. We find that the regions of $g_{hhWW}/g_{hhWW}^{\rm SM}<0.86$ and $g_{hhWW}/g_{hhWW}^{\rm SM}>1.32$ can be discovered at the $5σ$ confidence level at the 10 TeV $μ^+ μ^-$ collider with an integrated luminosity of 3 ab$^{-1}$.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2023

Searching for the axion-like particle at the EIC

The axion-like particle (ALP) is a well motivated new particle candidate of beyond the Standard Model. In this work, we propose to probe the ALP through the photon fusion scattering at the upcoming Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) with electron and proton energy $E_e=20~{\rm GeV}$ and $E_p=250~{\rm GeV}$. It shows that we could constrain the effective coupling strength between ALP and photons to be $0.2~{\rm TeV}^{-1}$ at $2σ$ confidence level with the integrated luminosity of $300~{\rm fb}^{-1}$ for the mass range $m_a\in [5,40]~{\rm GeV}$. Such bound could be much improved if we consider the nucleus beam at the EIC. We also demonstrate that the limits from the EIC could be stronger than the off $Z$-pole measurement at the LEP and the Light-by-Light scattering with pp collision at the LHC.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2022

Exposing new scalars hiding behind the Higgs boson

It is possible that there is another scalar hiding behind the known 125 GeV Higgs boson. If the hidden scalar exhibits a CP property different from the Higgs boson, it can be exposed in the di-Higgs production at the high-luminosity large hadron collider and future colliders.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2022

Loop induced top quark FCNC through top quark and dark matter interactions

We present a comprehensive analysis of the loop induced top quark FCNC signals at the LHC within one class of the simplified model. The loop level FCNC interactions are well motivated to avoid the hierarchy of the top quark couplings from the new physics and standard model. Such a theory will posit a Majorana dark matter candidate and could be tested through dark matter relic density, direct detection experiments (the scattering between dark matter and heavy nuclei), and the collider signals at the LHC. We find that the spin-independent (SI) scattering between Majorana dark matter and nuclei will vanish at the leading order, while the next-to-leading order correction to the SI scattering becomes significance to constrain the parameter space of the model. A detailed comparison from direct detection experiments and LHC searches is also discussed and both of them are very important to full constrain the model.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2021

Yaw-Guided Imitation Learning for Autonomous Driving in Urban Environments

Existing imitation learning methods suffer from low efficiency and generalization ability when facing the road option problem in an urban environment. In this paper, we propose a yaw-guided imitation learning method to improve the road option performance in an end-to-end autonomous driving paradigm in terms of the efficiency of exploiting training samples and adaptability to changing environments. Specifically, the yaw information is provided by the trajectory of the navigation map. Our end-to-end architecture, Yaw-guided Imitation Learning with ResNet34 Attention (YILRatt), integrates the ResNet34 backbone and attention mechanism to obtain an accurate perception. It does not need high precision maps and realizes fully end-to-end autonomous driving given the yaw information provided by a consumer-level GPS receiver. By analyzing the attention heat maps, we can reveal some causal relationship between decision-making and scene perception, where, in particular, failure cases are caused by erroneous perception. We collect expert experience in the Carla 0.9.11 simulator and improve the benchmark CoRL2017 and NoCrash. Experimental results show that YILRatt has a 26.27% higher success rate than the SOTA CILRS. The code, dataset, benchmark and experimental results can be found at https://github.com/Yandong024/Yaw-guided-IL.git

cs.RO↗