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Yang Long

Publications and source records attributed to Yang Long.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

Action Quality Assessment with Temporal Parsing Transformer

Action Quality Assessment(AQA) is important for action understanding and resolving the task poses unique challenges due to subtle visual differences. Existing state-of-the-art methods typically rely on the holistic video representations for score regression or ranking, which limits the generalization to capture fine-grained intra-class variation. To overcome the above limitation, we propose a temporal parsing transformer to decompose the holistic feature into temporal part-level representations. Specifically, we utilize a set of learnable queries to represent the atomic temporal patterns for a specific action. Our decoding process converts the frame representations to a fixed number of temporally ordered part representations. To obtain the quality score, we adopt the state-of-the-art contrastive regression based on the part representations. Since existing AQA datasets do not provide temporal part-level labels or partitions, we propose two novel loss functions on the cross attention responses of the decoder: a ranking loss to ensure the learnable queries to satisfy the temporal order in cross attention and a sparsity loss to encourage the part representations to be more discriminative. Extensive experiments show that our proposed method outperforms prior work on three public AQA benchmarks by a considerable margin.

cs.CV↗

EfficientTDNN: Efficient Architecture Search for Speaker Recognition

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), such as the time-delay neural network (TDNN), have shown their remarkable capability in learning speaker embedding. However, they meanwhile bring a huge computational cost in storage size, processing, and memory. Discovering the specialized CNN that meets a specific constraint requires a substantial effort of human experts. Compared with hand-designed approaches, neural architecture search (NAS) appears as a practical technique in automating the manual architecture design process and has attracted increasing interest in spoken language processing tasks such as speaker recognition. In this paper, we propose EfficientTDNN, an efficient architecture search framework consisting of a TDNN-based supernet and a TDNN-NAS algorithm. The proposed supernet introduces temporal convolution of different ranges of the receptive field and feature aggregation of various resolutions from different layers to TDNN. On top of it, the TDNN-NAS algorithm quickly searches for the desired TDNN architecture via weight-sharing subnets, which surprisingly reduces computation while handling the vast number of devices with various resources requirements. Experimental results on the VoxCeleb dataset show the proposed EfficientTDNN enables approximate $10^{13}$ architectures concerning depth, kernel, and width. Considering different computation constraints, it achieves a 2.20% equal error rate (EER) with 204M multiply-accumulate operations (MACs), 1.41% EER with 571M MACs as well as 0.94% EER with 1.45G MACs. Comprehensive investigations suggest that the trained supernet generalizes subnets not sampled during training and obtains a favorable trade-off between accuracy and efficiency.

eess.AS↗

Deep Generative Modelling: A Comparative Review of VAEs, GANs, Normalizing Flows, Energy-Based and Autoregressive Models

Deep generative models are a class of techniques that train deep neural networks to model the distribution of training samples. Research has fragmented into various interconnected approaches, each of which make trade-offs including run-time, diversity, and architectural restrictions. In particular, this compendium covers energy-based models, variational autoencoders, generative adversarial networks, autoregressive models, normalizing flows, in addition to numerous hybrid approaches. These techniques are compared and contrasted, explaining the premises behind each and how they are interrelated, while reviewing current state-of-the-art advances and implementations.

cs.LG↗

Always-Real-Eigenvalued Non-Hermitian Topological Systems

The effect of non-Hermiticity in band topology has sparked many discussions on non-Hermitian topological physics. It has long been known that non-Hermitian Hamiltonians can exhibit real energy spectra under the condition of parity-time ($PT$) symmetry -- commonly implemented with balanced loss and gain -- but only when non-Hermiticity is relatively weak. Sufficiently strong non-Hermiticity, on the other hand, will destroy the reality of energy spectra, a situation known as spontaneous $PT$-symmetry breaking. Here, based on non-reciprocal coupling, we show a systematic strategy to construct non-Hermitian topological systems exhibiting bulk and boundary energy spectra that are always real, regardless of weak or strong non-Hermiticity. Such nonreciprocal-coupling-based non-Hermiticity can directly drive a topological phase transition and determine the band topology, as demonstrated in a few non-Hermitian systems from 1D to 2D. Our work develops so far the only theory that can guarantee the reality of energy spectra for non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, and offers a new avenue to explore non-Hermitian topological physics.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

Absolute Zero-Shot Learning

Considering the increasing concerns about data copyright and privacy issues, we present a novel Absolute Zero-Shot Learning (AZSL) paradigm, i.e., training a classifier with zero real data. The key innovation is to involve a teacher model as the data safeguard to guide the AZSL model training without data leaking. The AZSL model consists of a generator and student network, which can achieve date-free knowledge transfer while maintaining the performance of the teacher network. We investigate `black-box' and `white-box' scenarios in AZSL task as different levels of model security. Besides, we also provide discussion of teacher model in both inductive and transductive settings. Despite embarrassingly simple implementations and data-missing disadvantages, our AZSL framework can retain state-of-the-art ZSL and GZSL performance under the `white-box' scenario. Extensive qualitative and quantitative analysis also demonstrates promising results when deploying the model under `black-box' scenario.

cs.CV↗

Aerial Scene Parsing: From Tile-level Scene Classification to Pixel-wise Semantic Labeling

Given an aerial image, aerial scene parsing (ASP) targets to interpret the semantic structure of the image content, e.g., by assigning a semantic label to every pixel of the image. With the popularization of data-driven methods, the past decades have witnessed promising progress on ASP by approaching the problem with the schemes of tile-level scene classification or segmentation-based image analysis, when using high-resolution aerial images. However, the former scheme often produces results with tile-wise boundaries, while the latter one needs to handle the complex modeling process from pixels to semantics, which often requires large-scale and well-annotated image samples with pixel-wise semantic labels. In this paper, we address these issues in ASP, with perspectives from tile-level scene classification to pixel-wise semantic labeling. Specifically, we first revisit aerial image interpretation by a literature review. We then present a large-scale scene classification dataset that contains one million aerial images termed Million-AID. With the presented dataset, we also report benchmarking experiments using classical convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Finally, we perform ASP by unifying the tile-level scene classification and object-based image analysis to achieve pixel-wise semantic labeling. Intensive experiments show that Million-AID is a challenging yet useful dataset, which can serve as a benchmark for evaluating newly developed algorithms. When transferring knowledge from Million-AID, fine-tuning CNN models pretrained on Million-AID perform consistently better than those pretrained ImageNet for aerial scene classification. Moreover, our designed hierarchical multi-task learning method achieves the state-of-the-art pixel-wise classification on the challenging GID, bridging the tile-level scene classification toward pixel-wise semantic labeling for aerial image interpretation.

cs.CV↗

Discriminative Latent Semantic Graph for Video Captioning

Video captioning aims to automatically generate natural language sentences that can describe the visual contents of a given video. Existing generative models like encoder-decoder frameworks cannot explicitly explore the object-level interactions and frame-level information from complex spatio-temporal data to generate semantic-rich captions. Our main contribution is to identify three key problems in a joint framework for future video summarization tasks. 1) Enhanced Object Proposal: we propose a novel Conditional Graph that can fuse spatio-temporal information into latent object proposal. 2) Visual Knowledge: Latent Proposal Aggregation is proposed to dynamically extract visual words with higher semantic levels. 3) Sentence Validation: A novel Discriminative Language Validator is proposed to verify generated captions so that key semantic concepts can be effectively preserved. Our experiments on two public datasets (MVSD and MSR-VTT) manifest significant improvements over state-of-the-art approaches on all metrics, especially for BLEU-4 and CIDEr. Our code is available at https://github.com/baiyang4/D-LSG-Video-Caption.

cs.CV↗

On Creating Benchmark Dataset for Aerial Image Interpretation: Reviews, Guidances and Million-AID

The past years have witnessed great progress on remote sensing (RS) image interpretation and its wide applications. With RS images becoming more accessible than ever before, there is an increasing demand for the automatic interpretation of these images. In this context, the benchmark datasets serve as essential prerequisites for developing and testing intelligent interpretation algorithms. After reviewing existing benchmark datasets in the research community of RS image interpretation, this article discusses the problem of how to efficiently prepare a suitable benchmark dataset for RS image interpretation. Specifically, we first analyze the current challenges of developing intelligent algorithms for RS image interpretation with bibliometric investigations. We then present the general guidances on creating benchmark datasets in efficient manners. Following the presented guidances, we also provide an example on building RS image dataset, i.e., Million-AID, a new large-scale benchmark dataset containing a million instances for RS image scene classification. Several challenges and perspectives in RS image annotation are finally discussed to facilitate the research in benchmark dataset construction. We do hope this paper will provide the RS community an overall perspective on constructing large-scale and practical image datasets for further research, especially data-driven ones.

cs.CV↗

Directional Design of Materials Based on the Multi-Objective Optimization: A Case Study of Two-Dimensional Thermoelectric SnSe

Directional design of functional materials with multi-objective constraints is a big challenge, whose performance and stability are determined by different physics factors entangled with each other complicatedly. In this work, we apply the multi-objective optimization based on the Pareto Efficiency and Particle-Swarm Optimization methods to design new functional materials directionally. As a demonstration, we achieve the thermoelectric design of 2D SnSe materials through the methods. We identify several novel metastable 2D SnSe structures with simultaneously lower free energy and better thermoelectric performance over the experimentally-reported monolayer structures. We hope our results about the multi-objective Pareto Optimization method can make a step towards the integrative design of multi-objective and multi-functional materials in the future.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

Robust Cross-View Gait Recognition with Evidence: A Discriminant Gait GAN (DiGGAN) Approach

Gait as a biometric trait has attracted much attention in many security and privacy applications such as identity recognition and authentication, during the last few decades. Because of its nature as a long-distance biometric trait, gait can be easily collected and used to identify individuals non-intrusively through CCTV cameras. However, it is very difficult to develop robust automated gait recognition systems, since gait may be affected by many covariate factors such as clothing, walking speed, camera view angle etc. Out of them, large view angle changes has been deemed as the most challenging factor as it can alter the overall gait appearance substantially. Existing works on gait recognition are far from enough to provide satisfying performances because of such view changes. Furthermore, very few works have considered evidences -- the demonstrable information revealing the reliabilities of decisions, which are regarded as important demands in machine learning-based recognition/authentication applications. To address these issues, in this paper we propose a Discriminant Gait Generative Adversarial Network, namely DiGGAN, which can effectively extract view-invariant features for cross-view gait recognition; and more importantly, to transfer gait images to different views -- serving as evidences and showing how the decisions have been made. Quantitative experiments have been conducted on the two most popular cross-view gait datasets, the OU-MVLP and CASIA-B, where the proposed DiGGAN has outperformed state-of-the-art methods. Qualitative analysis has also been provided and demonstrates the proposed DiGGAN's capability in providing evidences.

cs.CV↗

Query Twice: Dual Mixture Attention Meta Learning for Video Summarization

Video summarization aims to select representative frames to retain high-level information, which is usually solved by predicting the segment-wise importance score via a softmax function. However, softmax function suffers in retaining high-rank representations for complex visual or sequential information, which is known as the Softmax Bottleneck problem. In this paper, we propose a novel framework named Dual Mixture Attention (DMASum) model with Meta Learning for video summarization that tackles the softmax bottleneck problem, where the Mixture of Attention layer (MoA) effectively increases the model capacity by employing twice self-query attention that can capture the second-order changes in addition to the initial query-key attention, and a novel Single Frame Meta Learning rule is then introduced to achieve more generalization to small datasets with limited training sources. Furthermore, the DMASum significantly exploits both visual and sequential attention that connects local key-frame and global attention in an accumulative way. We adopt the new evaluation protocol on two public datasets, SumMe, and TVSum. Both qualitative and quantitative experiments manifest significant improvements over the state-of-the-art methods.

cs.CV↗

Experimental Realization of Near-Field Photonic Routing with All-Electric Metasources

The spatially confined evanescent microwave photonics have been proved to be highly desirable in broad practical scenarios ranging from robust information communications to efficient quantum interactions. However, the feasible applications of these photonics modes are limited due to the lack of fundamental understandings and feasible directional coupling approaches at sub-wavelengths. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the efficient near-field photonic routing achieved in waveguides composed of two kinds of single-negative metamaterials. Without mimicking the polarization features, we propose all-electric near-field metasource in subwavelength scale and exemplify its near-field functions like Janus, Huygens and spin sources, corresponding to time-reversal, parity-time and parity symmetries of its inner degree of freedom. Our work furthers the understandings about optical near-field symmetry and feasible engineering approaches of directional couplings, which would pave the way for promising integrated mircrowave photonics devices.

physics.optics↗

Unsupervised Manifold Clustering of Topological Phononics

Classification of topological phononics is challenging due to the lack of universal topological invariants and the randomness of structure patterns. Here, we show the unsupervised manifold learning for clustering topological phononics without any priori knowledge, neither topological invariants nor supervised trainings, even when systems are imperfect or disordered. This is achieved by exploiting the real-space projection operator about finite phononic lattices to describe the correlation between oscillators. We exemplify the efficient unsupervised manifold clustering in typical phononic systems, including one-dimensional Su-Schrieffer-Heeger-type phononic chain with random couplings, amorphous phononic topological insulators, higher-order phononic topological states and non-Hermitian phononic chain with random dissipations. The results would inspire more efforts on applications of unsupervised machine learning for topological phononic devices and beyond.

cond-mat.dis-nn↗

Order Matters: Shuffling Sequence Generation for Video Prediction

Predicting future frames in natural video sequences is a new challenge that is receiving increasing attention in the computer vision community. However, existing models suffer from severe loss of temporal information when the predicted sequence is long. Compared to previous methods focusing on generating more realistic contents, this paper extensively studies the importance of sequential order information for video generation. A novel Shuffling sEquence gEneration network (SEE-Net) is proposed that can learn to discriminate unnatural sequential orders by shuffling the video frames and comparing them to the real video sequence. Systematic experiments on three datasets with both synthetic and real-world videos manifest the effectiveness of shuffling sequence generation for video prediction in our proposed model and demonstrate state-of-the-art performance by both qualitative and quantitative evaluations. The source code is available at https://github.com/andrewjywang/SEENet.

cs.CV↗

Towards Reliable, Automated General Movement Assessment for Perinatal Stroke Screening in Infants Using Wearable Accelerometers

Perinatal stroke (PS) is a serious condition that, if undetected and thus untreated, often leads to life-long disability, in particular Cerebral Palsy (CP). In clinical settings, Prechtl's General Movement Assessment (GMA) can be used to classify infant movements using a Gestalt approach, identifying infants at high risk of developing PS. Training and maintenance of assessment skills are essential and expensive for the correct use of GMA, yet many practitioners lack these skills, preventing larger-scale screening and leading to significant risks of missing opportunities for early detection and intervention for affected infants. We present an automated approach to GMA, based on body-worn accelerometers and a novel sensor data analysis method-Discriminative Pattern Discovery (DPD)-that is designed to cope with scenarios where only coarse annotations of data are available for model training. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in a study with 34 newborns (21 typically developing infants and 13 PS infants with abnormal movements). Our method is able to correctly recognise the trials with abnormal movements with at least the accuracy that is required by newly trained human annotators (75%), which is encouraging towards our ultimate goal of an automated PS screening system that can be used population-wide.

cs.HC↗

Learning RoI Transformer for Detecting Oriented Objects in Aerial Images

Object detection in aerial images is an active yet challenging task in computer vision because of the birdview perspective, the highly complex backgrounds, and the variant appearances of objects. Especially when detecting densely packed objects in aerial images, methods relying on horizontal proposals for common object detection often introduce mismatches between the Region of Interests (RoIs) and objects. This leads to the common misalignment between the final object classification confidence and localization accuracy. Although rotated anchors have been used to tackle this problem, the design of them always multiplies the number of anchors and dramatically increases the computational complexity. In this paper, we propose a RoI Transformer to address these problems. More precisely, to improve the quality of region proposals, we first designed a Rotated RoI (RRoI) learner to transform a Horizontal Region of Interest (HRoI) into a Rotated Region of Interest (RRoI). Based on the RRoIs, we then proposed a Rotated Position Sensitive RoI Align (RPS-RoI-Align) module to extract rotation-invariant features from them for boosting subsequent classification and regression. Our RoI Transformer is with light weight and can be easily embedded into detectors for oriented object detection. A simple implementation of the RoI Transformer has achieved state-of-the-art performances on two common and challenging aerial datasets, i.e., DOTA and HRSC2016, with a neglectable reduction to detection speed. Our RoI Transformer exceeds the deformable Position Sensitive RoI pooling when oriented bounding-box annotations are available. Extensive experiments have also validated the flexibility and effectiveness of our RoI Transformer. The results demonstrate that it can be easily integrated with other detector architectures and significantly improve the performances.

cs.CV↗

ActionXPose: A Novel 2D Multi-view Pose-based Algorithm for Real-time Human Action Recognition

We present ActionXPose, a novel 2D pose-based algorithm for posture-level Human Action Recognition (HAR). The proposed approach exploits 2D human poses provided by OpenPose detector from RGB videos. ActionXPose aims to process poses data to be provided to a Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network and to a 1D Convolutional Neural Network, which solve the classification problem. ActionXPose is one of the first algorithms that exploits 2D human poses for HAR. The algorithm has real-time performance and it is robust to camera movings, subject proximity changes, viewpoint changes, subject appearance changes and provide high generalization degree. In fact, extensive simulations show that ActionXPose can be successfully trained using different datasets at once. State-of-the-art performance on popular datasets for posture-related HAR problems (i3DPost, KTH) are provided and results are compared with those obtained by other methods, including the selected ActionXPose baseline. Moreover, we also proposed two novel datasets called MPOSE and ISLD recorded in our Intelligent Sensing Lab, to show ActionXPose generalization performance.

eess.IV↗

Seeing Topological Order and Band Inversion in Optical Diatomic Chain

Recent realizations of exotic topological states in condensed matter and cold atoms have advanced the exploration for topological characteristics, such as invariant topological orders and band inversion. Here we construct a 1D optical diatomic system made of split ring resonators with electric-magnetic couplings to implement the topological features. We experimentally measure the dispersion relationship and sub-lattice pseudo-spin vectors by detecting field strength distributions, which determines the accompanying winding number of bulk band as the topological order. The sub-lattice pseudo-spin vector inversion observed at band-edges evidences the band inversion. We further reconfirm the band-inversion-induced topological phase transition by measuring the symmetry exchanges at band-edges. These results have shown the great potential of split ring resonator platform to experimentally explore the advanced topological characteristics, such as high winding numbers or even high Chern numbers in more exotic setups.

physics.optics↗