arXiv subjects

Yann Rasera

Publications and source records attributed to Yann Rasera.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2014

Cosmic variance limited Baryon Acoustic Oscillations from the DEUS-FUR $Λ$CDM simulation

We investigate the non-linear evolution of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) in the low-redshift matter power spectrum from the DEUS-FUR $Λ$CDM model simulation. This is the first cosmological N-body simulation encompassing the full observable cosmic volume, thus allowing cosmic variance limited predictions at BAO scales. We control the effect of numerical systematic errors using a series of large volume high-resolution simulations. The combined analysis allows us to measure the matter power spectrum between $z=0$ and $1$ to 1% over the entire BAO range, $0.03<k [\textrm{h Mpc}^{-1}]<0.3$, in bins of size $Δk/k\lesssim$ 1%. We define the BAO with respect to a non-linearly evolved wiggle-free spectrum and determine the characteristics of the BAO without recurring to extrapolation from global fitting functions. We quantify the effects of non-linearities on the position and amplitude of the BAO extrema, and the coupling to the broadband slope of the power spectrum. We use these estimates to test non-linear predictions from semi-analytical models. Quite remarkably from the analysis of the redshift evolution of BAO we find that the second dip and third peak remains unaltered by non-linear effects. Furthermore, we find that the square of the damping factor and the shift of the position of BAO extrema scale to good approximation as the square of the growth factor, in agreement with expectations from perturbation theory. This confirms the idea that, besides cosmic distances, an accurate measurement of BAO at different redshifts can directly probe the growth of cosmic structures.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2013

Imprints of Dark Energy on Cosmic Structure Formation: III. Sparsity of Dark Matter Halo Profiles

We study the imprint of Dark Energy on the density profile of Dark Matter halos using a set of high-resolution large volume cosmological N-body simulations from the Dark Energy Universe Simulation Series (DEUSS). We first focus on the analysis of the goodness-of-fit of the Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) profile which we find to vary with halo mass and redshift. We also find that the fraction of halos ill-fitted by NFW varies with cosmology, thus indicating that the mass assembly of halos with perturbed density profiles carries a characteristic signature of Dark Energy. To access this information independently of any parametric profile, we introduce a new observable quantity: the halo sparsity $s_Δ$. This is defined as the mass ratio $M_{200}/M_Δ$, i.e. the ratio of mass inside a sphere of radius $r_{200}$ to that contained within a radius $r_Δ$, enclosing 200 and $Δ$ times the mean matter density respectively. We find the average sparsity to be nearly independent of the total halo mass, while its value can be inferred to better than a few percent from the ratio of the integrated halo mass functions at overdensities $Δ$ and 200 respectively. This provides a consistency relation that can validate observational measurements of the halo sparsity. Most importantly, the sparsity significantly varies with the underlying Dark Energy model, thus providing an alternative cosmological probe.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2013

Structure Finding in Cosmological Simulations: The State of Affairs

The ever increasing size and complexity of data coming from simulations of cosmic structure formation demands equally sophisticated tools for their analysis. During the past decade, the art of object finding in these simulations has hence developed into an important discipline itself. A multitude of codes based upon a huge variety of methods and techniques have been spawned yet the question remained as to whether or not they will provide the same (physical) information about the structures of interest. Here we summarize and extent previous work of the "halo finder comparison project": we investigate in detail the (possible) origin of any deviations across finders. To this extent we decipher and discuss differences in halo finding methods, clearly separating them from the disparity in definitions of halo properties. We observe that different codes not only find different numbers of objects leading to a scatter of up to 20 per cent in the halo mass and Vmax function, but also that the particulars of those objects that are identified by all finders differ. The strength of the variation, however, depends on the property studied, e.g. the scatter in position, bulk velocity, mass, and the peak value of the rotation curve is practically below a few per cent, whereas derived quantities such as spin and shape show larger deviations. Our study indicates that the prime contribution to differences in halo properties across codes stems from the distinct particle collection methods and -- to a minor extent -- the particular aspects of how the procedure for removing unbound particles is implemented. We close with a discussion of the relevance and implications of the scatter across different codes for other fields such as semi-analytical galaxy formation models, gravitational lensing, and observables in general.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2012

DEUS Full Observable ΛCDM Universe Simulation: the numerical challenge

We have performed the first-ever numerical N- body simulation of the full observable universe (DEUS "Dark Energy Universe Simulation" FUR "Full Universe Run"). This has evolved 550 billion particles on an Adaptive Mesh Refinement grid with more than two trillion computing points along the entire evolutionary history of the universe and across 6 order of magnitudes length scales, from the size of the Milky Way to that of the whole observable universe. To date, this is the largest and most advanced cosmological simulation ever run. It provides unique information on the formation and evolution of the largest structure in the universe and an exceptional support to future observational programs dedicated to mapping the distribution of matter and galaxies in the universe. The simulation has run on 4752 (of 5040) thin nodes of BULL supercomputer CURIE, using more than 300 TB of memory for 10 million hours of computing time. About 50 PBytes of data were generated throughout the run. Using an advanced and innovative reduction workflow the amount of useful stored data has been reduced to 500 TBytes.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2011

Haloes gone MAD: The Halo-Finder Comparison Project

[abridged] We present a detailed comparison of fundamental dark matter halo properties retrieved by a substantial number of different halo finders. These codes span a wide range of techniques including friends-of-friends (FOF), spherical-overdensity (SO) and phase-space based algorithms. We further introduce a robust (and publicly available) suite of test scenarios that allows halo finder developers to compare the performance of their codes against those presented here. This set includes mock haloes containing various levels and distributions of substructure at a range of resolutions as well as a cosmological simulation of the large-scale structure of the universe. All the halo finding codes tested could successfully recover the spatial location of our mock haloes. They further returned lists of particles (potentially) belonging to the object that led to coinciding values for the maximum of the circular velocity profile and the radius where it is reached. All the finders based in configuration space struggled to recover substructure that was located close to the centre of the host halo and the radial dependence of the mass recovered varies from finder to finder. Those finders based in phase space could resolve central substructure although they found difficulties in accurately recovering its properties. Via a resolution study we found that most of the finders could not reliably recover substructure containing fewer than 30-40 particles. However, also here the phase space finders excelled by resolving substructure down to 10-20 particles. By comparing the halo finders using a high resolution cosmological volume we found that they agree remarkably well on fundamental properties of astrophysical significance (e.g. mass, position, velocity, and peak of the rotation curve).

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2008

Numerical simulations of buoyancy instabilities in galaxy cluster plasmas with cosmic rays and anisotropic thermal conduction

In clusters of galaxies, the specific entropy of intracluster plasma increases outwards. Nevertheless, a number of recent studies have shown that the intracluster medium is subject to buoyancy instabilities due to the effects of cosmic rays and anisotropic thermal conduction. In this paper, we present a new numerical algorithm for simulating such instabilities. This numerical method treats the cosmic rays as a fluid, accounts for the diffusion of heat and cosmic rays along magnetic field lines, and enforces the condition that the temperature and cosmic-ray pressure remain positive. We carry out several tests to ensure the accuracy of the code, including the detailed matching of analytic results for the eigenfunctions and growth rates of linear buoyancy instabilities. This numerical scheme will be useful for simulating convection driven by cosmic-ray buoyancy in galaxy cluster plasmas and may also be useful for other applications, including fusion plasmas, the interstellar medium, and supernovae remnants.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2008

Abundance profiles in cooling-core clusters: a fossil record of past AGN-driven convection?

Central peaks in the iron abundance of intracluster plasma are a common feature of cooling-core galaxy clusters. These abundance peaks have a much broader profile than the stars of the central brightest cluster galaxy (BCG), which produce the excess iron, indicating that metal-enriched plasma is transported out of the BCG by some process such as turbulent diffusion. At the same time, cooling-core clusters are likely heated by central active galactic nuclei (AGNs) by means of jets, cosmic-ray bubbles, and convection. The recent AGN-driven convection model of Chandran&Rasera predicts the turbulent velocity profile in a steady-state cluster in which radiative cooling is balanced by heating from a combination of AGN-driven convection and thermal conduction. We use the velocity profiles as input into an advection/diffusion model for the transport of metals in the intracluster medium, taking the iron to be injected by the BCG. We compare the results of our model to XMM and Chandra observations of eight clusters. Assuming a constant turbulence level over a cluster's lifetime, the turbulent velocities in the model can explain the observed abundance profiles in only five of the eight clusters. However, we go on to develop an analytic fit of the turbulent velocity profile as a function of the AGN power. We then deduce for each cluster the average AGN power (during the past 10 Gyr) required to match the abundance profiles. The required average values are between 10^43 and 2.10^44 erg/s, while the present AGN powers span a much larger range from 6.10^41 (Virgo) to 2.10^44 erg/s (Hydra A). Our results suggest that AGN-driven convection can account for the observed abundance profiles if the AGN power varies over a cluster's lifetime between Virgo-like and Hydra-A-like values, with average values in the above-quoted range.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2007

Convection and AGN Feedback in Clusters of Galaxies

A number of studies have shown that the convective stability criterion for the intracluster medium (ICM) is very different from the Schwarzchild criterion due to the effects of anisotropic thermal conduction and cosmic rays. Building on these studies, we develop a model of the ICM in which a central active galactic nucleus (AGN) accretes hot intracluster plasma at the Bondi rate and produces cosmic rays that cause the ICM to become convectively unstable. The resulting convection heats the intracluster plasma and regulates its temperature and density profiles. By adjusting a single parameter in the model (the size of the cosmic-ray acceleration region), we are able to achieve a good match to the observed density and temperature profiles in a sample of eight clusters. Our results suggest that convection is an important process in cluster cores. An interesting feature of our solutions is that the cooling rate is more sharply peaked about the cluster center than is the convective heating rate. As a result, in several of the clusters in our sample, a compact cooling flow arises in the central region with a size R that is typically a few kpc. The cooling flow matches onto a Bondi flow at smaller radii. The mass accretion rate in the Bondi flow is equal to, and controlled by, the rate at which mass flows in through the cooling flow. Our solutions suggest that the AGN regulates the mass accretion rate in these clusters by controlling R: if the AGN power rises above the equilibrium level, R decreases, the mass accretion rate drops, and the AGN power drops back down to the equilibrium level.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2006

Soft gamma-ray background and light Dark Matter annihilation

The bulk of the extragalactic background between 10 keV and 10 GeV is likely to be explained by the emission of Seyfert galaxies, type Ia supernovae, and blazars. However, as revealed by the INTEGRAL satellite, the bulge of our galaxy is an intense source of a 511 keV gamma-ray line, indicating the production of a large number of positrons that annihilate. The origin of the latter is debated, and they could be produced, in particular, by the (S- or P-wave) annihilation of light Dark Matter particles into e+e-. In any case, the cumulated effect of similar sources at all redshifts could lead to a new background of hard X-ray and soft gamma-ray photons. On the basis of the hierarchical model of galaxy formation, we compute analytically the SNIa contribution to the background, and add it to Seyfert and blazars emission models. We find that any extra contribution to this unresolved background at 511 keV should be lower than about 4 keV/cm^2/s/sr. We also estimate analytically the extragalactic background due to Dark Matter annihilation, increasing the accuracy of the earlier computations. Indeed, we take into account the large positron escape fraction from low mass dark matter halos, unable to confine a dense and magnetized interstellar medium. Our new background estimate turns out to be one order of magnitude lower, so that the hypothesis of a light Dark Matter candidate remains compatible with the observed extragalactic background for a wider range of particle masses and cross-sections.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2005

The History of the Baryon Budget: Cosmic Logistics in a Hierarchical Universe

Using a series of high-resolution N-body hydrodynamical numerical simulations, we investigate several scenarios for the evolution of the baryon budget in galactic halos. We derive individual halo star formation history (SFH), as well as the global star formation rate in the universe. We develop a simple analytical model that allows us to compute surprisingly accurate predictions, when compared to our simulations, but also to other simulations presented in Springel & Hernquist (2003). The model depends on two main parameters: the star formation time scale t* and the wind efficiency eta_w. We also compute, for halos of a given mass, the baryon fraction in each of the following phases: cold disc gas, hot halo gas and stars. Here again, our analytical model predictions are in good agreement with simulation results, if one correctly takes into account finite resolution effect. We compare predictions of our analytical model to several observational constraints, and conclude that a very narrow range of the model parameters is allowed. The important role played by galactic winds is outlined, as well as a possible `superwind' scenario in groups and clusters. The `anti-hierarchical' behavior of observed SFH is well reproduced by our best model with t*=3Gyr and eta_w=1.5. We obtain in this case a present-day cosmic baryon budget of Omega*= 0.004, Omega_cold=0.0004, Omega_hot=0.01 and Omega_back=0.02 (diffuse background).

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