arXiv subjects

Yannick Meurice

Publications and source records attributed to Yannick Meurice.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

arXiv2021

Theoretical methods to design and test quantum simulators for the compact Abelian Higgs model

The lattice compact Abelian Higgs model is a non-perturbative regularized formulation of low-energy scalar quantum electrodynamics. In 1+1 dimensions, this model can be quantum simulated using a ladder-shaped optical lattice with Rydberg-dressed atoms (Zhang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 223201). In this setup, one spatial dimension is used to carry the angular momentum of the quantum rotors. One can use truncations corresponding to spin-2 and spin-1 to build local Hilbert spaces associated with the links of the lattice. We argue that ladder-shaped configurable arrays of Rydberg atoms can be used for the same purpose. We make concrete proposals involving two and three Rydberg atoms to build one local spin-1 space (a qutrit). We show that the building blocks of the Hamiltonian calculations are models with one and two spins. We compare target and simulators using perturbative and numerical methods. The two-atom setup provides an easily controllable simulator of the one-spin model while the three-atom setup involves solving nonlinear equations. This could be tested with current technology. We argue that near-term technology could be used to quantum simulate models with two or more spins.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2021

Clock model interpolation and symmetry breaking in O(2) models

The $q$-state clock model is a classical spin model that corresponds to the Ising model when $q=2$ and to the $XY$ model when $q\to\infty$. The integer-$q$ clock model has been studied extensively and has been shown to have a single phase transition when $q=2$,$3$,$4$ and two phase transitions when $q>4$.We define an extended $q$-state clock model that reduces to the ordinary $q$-state clock model when $q$ is an integer and otherwise is a continuous interpolation of the clock model to noninteger $q$. We investigate this class of clock models in 2D using Monte Carlo (MC) and tensor renormalization group (TRG) methods, and we find that the model with noninteger $q$ has a crossover and a second-order phase transition. We also define an extended-$O(2)$ model (with a parameter $γ$) that reduces to the $XY$ model when $γ=0$ and to the extended $q$-state clock model when $γ\to\infty$, and we begin to outline the phase diagram of this model. These models with noninteger $q$ serve as a testbed to study symmetry breaking in situations corresponding to quantum simulators where experimental parameters can be tuned continuously.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2021

Clock model interpolation and symmetry breaking in O(2) models

Motivated by recent attempts to quantum simulate lattice models with continuous Abelian symmetries using discrete approximations, we define an extended-O(2) model by adding a $γ\cos(qφ)$ term to the ordinary O(2) model with angular values restricted to a $2π$ interval. In the $γ\rightarrow \infty$ limit, the model becomes an extended $q$-state clock model that reduces to the ordinary $q$-state clock model when $q$ is an integer and otherwise is a continuation of the clock model for noninteger $q$. By shifting the $2π$ integration interval, the number of angles selected can change discontinuously and two cases need to be considered. What we call case $1$ has one more angle than what we call case $2$. We investigate this class of clock models in two space-time dimensions using Monte Carlo and tensor renormalization group methods. Both the specific heat and the magnetic susceptibility show a double-peak structure for fractional $q$. In case $1$, the small-$β$ peak is associated with a crossover, and the large-$β$ peak is associated with an Ising critical point, while both peaks are crossovers in case $2$. When $q$ is close to an integer by an amount $Δq$ and the system is close to the small-$β$ Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition, the system has a magnetic susceptibility that scales as $\sim 1 / (Δq)^{1 - 1/δ'}$ with $δ'$ estimates consistent with the magnetic critical exponent $δ= 15$. The crossover peak and the Ising critical point move to Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition points with the same power-law scaling. A phase diagram for this model in the $(β, q)$ plane is sketched. These results are possibly relevant for configurable Rydberg-atom arrays where the interpolations among phases with discrete symmetries can be achieved by varying continuously the distances among atoms and the detuning frequency.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2021

Truncation effects in the charge representation of the O(2) model

The O(2) model in Euclidean space-time is the zero-gauge-coupling limit of the compact scalar quantum electrodynamics. We obtain a dual representation of it called the charge representation. We study the quantum phase transition in the charge representation with a truncation to ``spin $S$," where the quantum numbers have an absolute value less than or equal to $S$. The charge representation preserves the gapless-to-gapped phase transition even for the smallest spin truncation $S = 1$. The phase transition for $S = 1$ is an infinite-order Gaussian transition with the same critical exponents $δ$ and $η$ as the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition, while there are true BKT transitions for $S \ge 2$. The essential singularity in the correlation length for $S = 1$ is different from that for $S \ge 2$. The exponential convergence of the phase-transition point is studied in both Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulations. We discuss the effects of replacing the truncated $\hat{U}^{\pm} = \exp(\pm i \hatθ)$ operators by the spin ladder operators $\hat{S}^{\pm}$ in the Hamiltonian. The marginal operators vanish at the Gaussian transition point for $S = 1$, which allows us to extract the $η$ exponent with high accuracy.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2021

Benchmarking quantum computers for real-time evolution of a $(1+1)$ field theory with error mitigation

Quantum computers open the possibility of performing real-time calculations for quantum field theory scattering processes. We propose to use an index averaging the absolute value of the difference between the accurately calculated Trotter evolution of site occupations and their actual measurements on NISQ machines. The average is over all the qubits for a certain number of Trotter steps. We use this metric to quantify the progress made in successive state-of-the-art machines and error-mitigation techniques. We illustrate the concept with the transverse Ising model in one spatial dimension with four sites using three of IBM's quantum computers (Almaden, Boeblingen, and Melbourne). We discuss the size of the Trotter steps needed to achieve physics goals. Using the proposed metric, we show that readout mitigation methods and Richardson extrapolations of mitigated measurements are very effective for specific numbers of Trotter steps of a chosen size. This specific choice can be applied to other machines and noise mitigation methods. On the other hand, a reliable algorithmic mitigation would require a significantly larger number of smaller Trotter steps.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2021

Real-time quantum calculations of phase shifts using wave packet time delays

We present a method to extract the phase shift of a scattering process using the real-time evolution in the early and intermediate stages of the collision in order to estimate the time delay of a wave packet. This procedure is convenient when using noisy quantum computers for which the asymptotic out-state behavior is unreachable. We demonstrate that the challenging Fourier transforms involved in the state preparation and measurements can be implemented in $1+1$ dimensions with current trapped ion devices and IBM quantum computers. We compare quantum computation of the time delays obtained in the one-particle quantum mechanics limit and the scalable quantum field theory formulation with accurate numerical results. We discuss the finite volume effects in the Wigner formula connecting time delays to phase shifts. The results reported involve two- and four-qubit calculations, and we discuss the possibility of larger scale computations in the near future.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2020

Discrete aspects of continuous symmetries in the tensorial formulation of Abelian gauge theories

We show that standard identities and theorems for lattice models with $U(1)$ symmetry get re-expressed discretely in the tensorial formulation of these models. We explain the geometrical analogy between the continuous lattice equations of motion and the discrete selection rules of the tensors. We construct a gauge-invariant transfer matrix in arbitrary dimensions. We show the equivalence with its gauge-fixed version in a maximal temporal gauge and explain how a discrete Gauss's law is always enforced. We propose a noise-robust way to implement Gauss's law in arbitrary dimensions. We reformulate Noether's theorem for global, local, continuous or discrete Abelian symmetries: for each given symmetry, there is one corresponding tensor redundancy. We discuss semi-classical approximations for classical solutions with periodic boundary conditions in two solvable cases. We show the correspondence of their weak coupling limit with the tensor formulation after Poisson summation. We briefly discuss connections with other approaches and implications for quantum computing.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2019

Tensor network formulation of the massless Schwinger model

We construct a tensor network representation of the partition function for the massless Schwinger model on a two dimensional lattice using staggered fermions. The tensor network representation allows us to include a topological term. Using a particular implementation of the tensor renormalization group (HOTRG) we calculate the phase diagram of the theory. For a range of values of the coupling to the topological term $θ$ and the gauge coupling $β$ we compare with results from hybrid Monte Carlo when possible and find good agreement.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2019

Opportunities for Nuclear Physics & Quantum Information Science

This whitepaper is an outcome of the workshop Intersections between Nuclear Physics and Quantum Information held at Argonne National Laboratory on 28-30 March 2018 [www.phy.anl.gov/npqi2018/]. The workshop brought together 116 national and international experts in nuclear physics and quantum information science to explore opportunities for the two fields to collaborate on topics of interest to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, and more broadly to U.S. society and industry. The workshop consisted of 22 invited and 10 contributed talks, as well as three panel discussion sessions. Topics discussed included quantum computation, quantum simulation, quantum sensing, nuclear physics detectors, nuclear many-body problem, entanglement at collider energies, and lattice gauge theories.

nucl-th↗

arXiv2019

Examples of symmetry-preserving truncations in tensor field theory

We consider the tensor formulation of the non-linear O(2) sigma model and its gauged version (the compact Abelian Higgs model), on a $D$-dimensional cubic lattice, and show that tensorial truncations are compatible with the general identities derived from the symmetries of these models. This means that the universal properties of these models can be reproduced with highly simplified formulations desirable for implementations with quantum computers or for quantum simulations experiments. We briefly discuss the extensions to non-Abelian symmetries and models with fermions.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2019

Quantum simulation of scattering in the quantum Ising model

We discuss real time evolution for the quantum Ising model in one spatial dimension with $N_s$ sites. In the limit where the nearest neighbor interactions $J$ in the spatial directions are small, there is a simple physical picture where qubit states can be interpreted as approximate particle occupations. Using exact diagonalization, for initial states with one or two particles, we show that for small $J$, discrete Bessel functions provide very accurate expressions for the evolution of the occupancies corresponding to initial states with one and two particles. Boundary conditions play an important role when the evolution time is long enough. We discuss a Trotter procedure to implement the evolution on existing quantum computers and discuss the error associated with the Trotter step size. We discuss the effects of gate and measurement errors on the evolution of one and two particle states using 4 and 8 qubits circuits approximately corresponding to existing or near term quantum computers.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2018

Mass Splitting in a Linear Sigma Model

We derived the tree level spectrum to an extension to the linear sigma model describing an EFT for an $SU(3)_c$ gauge theory with $N_f$ flavors of fermions and $N_1$ fermions have a mass $m_l$ and $N_2$ fermions have a mass $m_h$. We examined the effects of a small mass splitting on single mass data for 8 and 12 flavors of fermions corresponding to the unperturbed case. Our intention is to encourage more simulations of split mass theories with 8, 10 and 12 flavors of fermions.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2018

Determining the Efficacy of Different Parameterizations of the z-expansion

We develop a methodology to test the accuracy of lattice extrapolations of the form factors in B decays only using experimental data. We test this methodology by comparing the BGL parameterization proposed by Boyd, Grinstein, and Lebed (1996) and the BCL parameterization proposed by Bourrely Caprini and Lellouch (2008) in the context of $B \rightarrow π\ell ν$. Our results suggest that the BCL parameterization is a slightly better predictor of the low $q^2$ region than the BGL parameterization and that this methodology can be extended to other decays such as $B\rightarrow D\ell ν$.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2018

Examples of renormalization group transformations for image sets

Using the example of configurations generated with the worm algorithm for the two-dimensional Ising model, we propose renormalization group (RG) transformations, inspired by the tensor RG, that can be applied to sets of images. We relate criticality to the logarithmic divergence of the largest principal component. We discuss the changes in link occupation under the RG transformation, suggest ways to obtain data collapse, and compare with the two state tensor RG approximation near the fixed point.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2018

Universal features of the Abelian Polyakov loop in 1+1 dimension

We show that the Polyakov loop of the two-dimensional lattice Abelian Higgs model can be calculated using the tensor renormalization group approach. We check the accuracy of the results using standard Monte Carlo simulations. We show that the energy gap produced by the insertion of the Polyakov loop obeys universal finite-size scaling which persists in the time continuum limit. We briefly discuss the relevance of these results for quantum simulations.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2018

Mass splittings in a linear sigma model for multiflavor gauge theories

We calculate the tree-level mass spectrum for a linear sigma model describing the scalar and pseudoscalar mesons of a $SU(3)$ local gauge theory with Dirac fermions in the fundamental representation. $N_1$ fermions have a mass $m_1$ and $N_2$ a mass $m_2$. Using recent lattice data with $m_1=m_2$ and $N_1+N_2$= 8 or 12, we predict the mass splittings for $m_2=m_1+δm$. At first order in $δm$, an interesting inverted pattern appears in the $0^{++}$ sector, where mesons with lighter fermions are heavier. This feature could be tested in ongoing calculations provided that $m_1$ and $δm$ are sufficiently small. We discuss possible improvements of the approach.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2015

Effective action for the Abelian-Higgs model for a gauge-invariant implementation on optical lattices

We present a gauge-invariant effective action for the Abelian-Higgs model in 1+1 dimensions. It is constructed by integrating out the gauge field and then using the hopping parameter expansion. The latter is tested with Monte Carlo simulations for small values of the scalar self-coupling. In the opposite limit, at infinitely large self-coupling, the Higgs mode is frozen and the partition function can be written in terms of local tensors and the tensor renormalization group blocking can be applied. The numerical implementation requires truncations and the time continuum limit of the blocked transfer matrix can be obtained numerically. At zero gauge coupling and with a spin-1 truncation, the small volume energy spectrum is identical to the low energy spectrum of a two-species Bose-Hubbard model in the limit of large onsite repulsion. The procedure is extended to finite gauge coupling and we derive a spin-1 approximation of the Hamiltonian which involves terms corresponding to transitions among the two species in the Bose-Hubbard model. An optical lattice implementation involving a ladder structure is proposed.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2015

Approaching conformality with the Tensor Renormalization Group method

We discuss the Tensor Renormalization Group (TRG) method for the O(2) model with a chemical potential in 1+1 dimensions with emphasis on near gapless/conformal situations. We emphasize the role played by the late Leo Kadanoff in the development of this theoretical framework. We describe the entanglement entropy in the superfluid phase (see arXiv:1507.01471 for details). We present recent progress on optimized truncation methods.

hep-lat↗