arXiv subjects

Yash Vishe

Publications and source records attributed to Yash Vishe.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

World Models Under Asynchronous Sensor Observations

Learned world models typically assume that observations arrive synchronously, an abstraction inherited from simulators that return a complete state vector at each environment step. Physical sensing instead operates at heterogeneous rates, leaving most observation channels stale at any given instant. Interpolating stale channels introduces measurements that were never observed, while downsampling to the slowest sensor discards valid measurements. A natural alternative is to zero-order-hold the most recent reading and provide the known sampling schedule to the model through two features, staleness and time-to-refresh. We test this prediction using transformer world models across three regimes of increasing causal coupling: open-loop rollouts in continuous-control locomotion, closed-loop model-predictive planning in which each learned model serves as the planner dynamics, and a linear latched-actuator system in which refresh events apply a zero-order-held command to the plant. Our findings show that the effectiveness of time-to-refresh depends on the causal role of the sampling schedule, specifically when refresh events affect the system rather than merely report its state. These results establish when sampling schedules provide useful information for predictive world models operating under asynchronous physical observations.

cs.AI↗

arXiv2026

Skill-R1: Agent Skill Evolution via Reinforcement Learning

Agentic large language models often rely on skills, reusable natural language procedures that guide planning, action, and tool use. In practice, skills are typically improved through prompt engineering or by aligning the task LLM itself, which is costly, model-specific, and often infeasible for closed-source models. Skill optimization is not a one-step problem but a recurrent process with two coupled levels of credit assignment: a useful skill must improve rollout quality under current conditioning, while a useful revision must turn observed outcomes into a better skill for the next round. We propose Skill-R1, a reinforcement learning framework for instance-level recurrent skill optimization from verifiable rewards. Rather than updating the task LLM, Skill-R1 trains a lightweight skill generator that conditions on the task context, prior rollouts, and their verified outcomes to produce skills that steer a frozen task LLM. This preserves black-box compatibility with both open- and closed-source models while making adaptation substantially cheaper than model-level updates. Skill-R1 proceeds over multiple generations: at each step, the current skill induces rollouts whose verified outcomes are fed back to produce the next revision. To optimize this recurrent process, we introduce a bi-level group-relative policy optimization objective combining intra-generation and inter-generation advantages. The intra-generation term compares rollouts under shared skill conditioning, while the inter-generation term rewards revisions that improve behavior across successive generations. Together, these provide a principled objective for directional skill evolution rather than one-shot self-refinement. Empirically, Skill-R1 achieves consistent gains over no-skill baselines and standard GRPO across benchmarks with verifiable rewards, with particularly strong improvements on complex, multi-step tasks.

cs.LG↗

arXiv2025

Evaluating Music Context Preservation: A Multi-facet Framework for Music Editing Systems

Music editing plays a vital role in modern music production, with applications in film, broadcasting, and game development. Recent advances in music editing systems have enabled diverse editing tasks such as timbre transfer, instrument substitution, and genre transformation. However, many existing works overlook evaluating their ability to preserve musical facets that should remain unchanged during editing, which we define as Music Context Preservation (MuseCP). While some studies do consider MuseCP, their evaluation protocols and metrics are not comprehensive. To address this, we introduce the first MuseCP evaluation framework, MuseCPEval, that covers four categories of music facets with fine-grained and well-tailored metrics to capture nuanced changes in music attributes. Objective validation and a human study demonstrate the effectiveness of these metrics. Moreover, the case studies on diverse music editing systems illustrate the practical utility of these metrics as a testbed and diagnostic tool, providing insights into the strengths and limitations of existing systems. We hope our metrics and findings can offer practical guidance for developing more effective and reliable music editing strategies with strong MuseCP capability

cs.SD↗

arXiv2025

CSyMR: Benchmarking Compositional Music Information Retrieval in Symbolic Music Reasoning

Natural language information needs over symbolic music scores rarely reduce to a single step lookup. Many queries require compositional Music Information Retrieval (MIR) that extracts multiple pieces of evidence from structured notation and aggregates them to answer the question. This setting remains challenging for Large Language Models due to the mismatch between natural language intents and symbolic representations, as well as the difficulty of reliably handling long structured contexts. Existing benchmarks only partially capture these retrieval demands, often emphasizing isolated theoretical knowledge or simplified settings. We introduce CSyMR-Bench, a benchmark for compositional MIR in symbolic music reasoning grounded in authentic user scenarios. It contains 126 multiple choice questions curated from community discussions and professional examinations, where each item requires chaining multiple atomic analyses over a score to derive implicit musical evidence. To support diagnosis, we provide a taxonomy with six query intent categories and six analytical dimension tags. We further propose a tool-augmented retrieval and reasoning framework that integrates a ReAct-style controller with deterministic symbolic analysis operators built with music21. Experiments across prompting baselines and agent variants show that tool-grounded compositional retrieval consistently outperforms Large Language Model-only approaches, yielding 5-7% absolute accuracy gains, with the largest improvements on analysis-heavy categories.

cs.LG↗

arXiv2025

WildScore: Benchmarking MLLMs in-the-Wild Symbolic Music Reasoning

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across various vision-language tasks. However, their reasoning abilities in the multimodal symbolic music domain remain largely unexplored. We introduce WildScore, the first in-the-wild multimodal symbolic music reasoning and analysis benchmark, designed to evaluate MLLMs' capacity to interpret real-world music scores and answer complex musicological queries. Each instance in WildScore is sourced from genuine musical compositions and accompanied by authentic user-generated questions and discussions, capturing the intricacies of practical music analysis. To facilitate systematic evaluation, we propose a systematic taxonomy, comprising both high-level and fine-grained musicological ontologies. Furthermore, we frame complex music reasoning as multiple-choice question answering, enabling controlled and scalable assessment of MLLMs' symbolic music understanding. Empirical benchmarking of state-of-the-art MLLMs on WildScore reveals intriguing patterns in their visual-symbolic reasoning, uncovering both promising directions and persistent challenges for MLLMs in symbolic music reasoning and analysis. We release the dataset and code.

cs.SD↗