XDen-1K: A Density Field Dataset of Real-World Objects
A deep understanding of the physical world is essential for robotic manipulation and physically realistic simulation. While current methods, including VLM-based and other learning-based approaches, have shown promise in physical property inference, their evaluation is often hindered by the lack of physically grounded reference data. To address this gap, we introduce XDen-1K, the first large-scale multimodal dataset that provides physically grounded density field for real-world objects. XDen-1K comprises 1,000 real-world objects spanning 137 categories, with comprehensive data for each object, including a high-resolution, carefully curated 3D geometric model with part-level annotations and paired real-world biplanar X-ray scans. In addition, XDen-1K includes high-fidelity volumetric density field reconstructed from sparse biplanar X-ray views via a novel optimization framework. XDen-1K also provides a benchmark for density estimation and enables X-ray-conditioned volumetric segmentation. Experiments further demonstrate that the center-of-mass prior derived by XDen-1K can improve robotic manipulation performance. By providing real-world X-ray scans and physics-consistent density field, XDen-1K establishes a foundation for advancing physical property inference and embodied AI.