arXiv subjects

Yazan H. Al-Badarneh

Publications and source records attributed to Yazan H. Al-Badarneh.

13 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Physical-Layer Security of Pinching-Antenna Systems

In this paper, we investigate the performance of physical-layer security of a pinching-antenna system on a lossless dielectric waveguide. In particular, the system uses a single pinching-antenna to convey confidential information from a base station to a legitimate destination equipped with a single antenna, while an eavesdropper, also equipped with a single antenna, attempts to decode the transmitted information. As such, the performance of the pinching-antenna system is evaluated in terms of average secrecy capacity, strictly positive secrecy capacity, and secrecy outage probability. To this end, accurate mathematical expressions for the aforementioned performance metrics are provided. To validate the analysis, the analytical results are numerically evaluated and further validated through Monte-Carlo simulations. The results demonstrate that secrecy capacity between the base station and the legitimate destination improves when the height of the pinching-antenna placed closer to the destination. Additionally, the performance can be improved when the eavesdropper's location over a rectangular area increases.

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arXiv2025

When Future Communications Shift Toward Narrow Beams: A Forward Looking Survey on Pointing Errors and Alignment Limits

Directional links in free-space optical (FSO), millimeter-wave (mmWave), and terahertz (THz) systems are a cornerstone of emerging 6G networks, yet their reliability is fundamentally limited by pointing errors and misalignment. Existing studies address this impairment using technology-specific definitions, models, and mitigation approaches, which hinders cross-domain comparison and transferable design insight. This survey provides a unified treatment of pointing errors across optical and high frequency wireless communications. We establish consistent terminology and a cross-technology taxonomy of pointing errors, review angular misalignment and statistical distribution models, and analyze their impact on system performance. Mitigation techniques are systematically surveyed with emphasis on optical systems and their connection to underlying pointing error models. The survey further provides a detailed examination of pointing-error effects in orbital angular momentum (OAM) links and quantum optical communications, and surveys the corresponding mitigation approaches tailored to mode-dependent impairments and quantum measurement constraints. The survey also outlines open challenges and future research directions. By consolidating fragmented literature into a coherent framework, this work supports consistent analysis and robust design of next generation directional communication systems.

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arXiv2024

The Rendezvous Between Extreme Value Theory and Next-generation Networks

Promising technologies such as massive multiple-input and multiple-output, reconfigurable intelligent reflecting surfaces, non-terrestrial networks, millimetre wave communication, ultra-reliable lowlatency communication are envisioned as the enablers for next-generation (NG) networks. In contrast to conventional communication systems meeting specific average performance requirements, NG systems are expected to meet quality-of-service requirements in extreme scenarios as well. In this regard, extreme value theory (EVT) provides a powerful framework for the design of communication systems. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey of advances in communication that utilize EVT to characterize the extreme order statistics of interest. We first give an overview of the history of EVT and then elaborate on the fundamental theorems. Subsequently, we discuss different problems of interest in NG communication systems and how EVT can be utilized for their analysis. We finally point out the open challenges and future directions of EVT in NG communication systems.

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arXiv2024

Performance Analysis of RIS-Assisted Spectrum Sharing Systems

We propose a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted underlay spectrum sharing system, in which a RIS-assisted secondary network shares the spectrum licensed for a primary network. The secondary network consists of a secondary source (SS), an RIS, and a secondary destination (SD), operating in a Rician fading environment. We study the performance of the secondary network while considering a peak power constraint at the SS and an interference power constraint at the primary receiver (PR). Initially, we characterize the statistics of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the RIS-assisted secondary network by deriving novel analytical expressions for the cumulative distribution function (CDF) and probability density function (PDF) in terms of the incomplete H-function. Building upon the SNR statistics, we analyze the outage probability, ergodic capacity, and average bit error rate, subsequently deriving novel exact expressions for these performance measures. Furthermore, we obtain novel asymptotic expressions for the performance measures of interest when the peak power of the SS is high. Finally, we conduct exhaustive Monte-Carlo simulations to confirm the correctness of our theoretical analysis.

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arXiv2023

Optimal phase shift design for fair allocation in RIS aided uplink network using statistical CSI

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) can be crucial in next-generation communication systems. However, designing the {RIS} phases according to the instantaneous channel state information (CSI) can be challenging in practice due to the short coherent time of the channel. In this regard, we propose a novel algorithm based on the channel statistics of massive multiple input multiple output systems rather than the instantaneous {CSI}. The beamforming at the base station (BS), power allocation of the users, and phase shifts at the RIS elements are optimized to maximize the minimum signal-to-interference and noise ratio (SINR), guaranteeing fair operation among various users. In particular, we design the RIS phases by leveraging the asymptotic deterministic equivalent of the minimum {SINR} that depends only on the channel statistics. This significantly reduces the computational complexity and the amount of controlling data between the {BS} and {RIS} for updating the phases. This setup is also useful for electromagnetic fields (EMF)-aware systems with constraints on the maximum user's exposure to EMF. The numerical results show that the proposed algorithms achieve more than $100 \%$ gain in terms of minimum SINR, compared to a system with random RIS phase shifts, when $40$ RIS elements, $20$ antennas at the BS and $10$ users, are considered.

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arXiv2023

Selection Combining over Log-Logistic Fading Channels with Applications to Underwater Optical Wireless Communications

We study the performance of a selection combining (SC) receiver operating over independent but non-identically distributed log-logistic ($\mathcal{LL})$ fading channels. We first characterize the statistics of the output instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the SC receiver. Based on the SNR statistics, we derive exact analytical expressions, in terms of multivariate Fox H-functions, for the outage probability, the average bit error rate, and the ergodic capacity. We also derive exact expressions for such performance measures when all channels are independent and identically distributed, as a special case. Furthermore, we deduce simplified asymptotic expressions for these performance metrics assuming high values of average transmit SNR. To demonstrate the applicability of our theoretical analysis, we study the performance of an SC receiver in underwater optical wireless communication systems. Finally, we confirm the correctness of the derived analytical results using Monte Carlo Simulations.

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arXiv2022

Max-Min Data Rate Optimization for RIS-aided Uplink Communications with Green Constraints

Smart radio environments aided by reconfigurable intelligent reflecting surfaces (RIS) have attracted much research attention recently. We propose a joint optimization strategy for beamforming, RIS phases, and power allocation to maximize the minimum SINR of an uplink RIS-aided communication system. The users are subject to constraints on their transmit power. We derive a closed-form expression for the beam forming vectors and a geometric programming-based solution for power allocation. We also propose two solutions for optimizing the phase shifts at the RIS, one based on the matrix lifting method and one using an approximation for the minimum function. We also propose a heuristic algorithm for optimizing quantized phase shift values. The proposed algorithms are of practical interest for systems with constraints on the maximum allowable electromagnetic field exposure. For instance, considering $24$-element RIS, $12$-antenna BS, and $6$ users, numerical results show that the proposed algorithm achieves close to $300 \%$ gain in terms of minimum SINR compared to a scheme with random RIS phases.

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arXiv2022

On the Asymptotic Performance Analysis of the k-th Best Link Selection over Non-identical Non-central Chi-square Fading Channels

This paper derives the asymptotic distribution of the normalized $k$-th maximum order statistics of a sequence of non-central chi-square random variables with non-identical non-centrality parameter. We demonstrate the utility of these results in characterizing the signal to noise ratio in three different applications in wireless communication systems where the statistics of the $k$-th maximum channel power over Rician fading links are of interest. Furthermore, we derive simple expressions for the asymptotic outage probability, average throughput, achievable throughput, and the average bit error probability. The proposed results are validated via extensive Monte Carlo simulations.

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arXiv2021

EMF-Aware Cellular Networks in RIS-Assisted Environments

The deployment of the 5th-generation cellular networks (5G) and beyond has triggered health concerns due to the electric and magnetic fields (EMF) exposure. In this paper, we propose a novel architecture to minimize the population exposure to EMF by considering a smart radio environment with a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS). Then, we optimize the RIS phases to minimize the exposure in terms of the exposure index (EI) while maintaining a minimum target quality of service. The proposed scheme achieves up to 20% reduction in EI compared to schemes without RISs.

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arXiv2021

On the Performance of Spectrum Sharing Backscatter Communication Systems

Spectrum sharing backscatter communication systems are among the most prominent technologies for ultralow power and spectrum efficient communications. In this paper, we propose an underlay spectrum sharing backscatter communication system, in which the secondary network is a backscatter communication system. We analyze the performance of the secondary network under a transmit power adaption strategy at the secondary transmitter, which guarantees that the interference caused by the secondary network to the primary receiver is below a predetermined threshold. We first derive a novel analytical expression for the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio of the secondary network. Capitalizing on the obtained CDF, we derive novel accurate approximate expressions for the ergodic capacity, effective capacity, and average bit error rate. We further validate our theoretical analysis using extensive Monte Carlo simulations.

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arXiv2019

Asymptotic Performance Analysis of Generalized User Selection for Interference-Limited Multiuser Secondary Networks

We analyze the asymptotic performance of a generalized multiuser diversity scheme for an interference-limited secondary multiuser network of underlay cognitive radio systems. Assuming a large number of secondary users and that the noise at each secondary user's receiver is negligible compared to the interference from the primary transmitter, the secondary transmitter transmits information to the $k$-th best secondary user, namely, the one with the $k$-th highest signal-to-interference ratio (SIR). We use extreme value theory to show that the $k$-th highest SIR converges uniformly in distribution to an inverse gamma random variable for a fixed $k$ and large number of secondary users. We use this result to derive asymptotic expressions for the average throughput, effective throughput, average bit error rate and outage probability of the $k$-th best secondary user under continuous power adaptation at the secondary transmitter, which ensures satisfaction of the instantaneous interference constraint at the primary receiver caused by the secondary transmitter. Numerical simulations show that our derived asymptotic expressions are accurate for different values of system parameters.

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arXiv2018

On the Secrecy Performance of Generalized User Selection for Interference-Limited Multiuser Wireless Networks

We investigate the secrecy performance of a multiuser diversity scheme for an interference-limited wireless network with a base-station (BS), $N$ legitimate users and an eavesdropper, in the presence of a single dominant interferer. Assuming interference dominates noise power at the eavesdropper and at each legitimate user's receiver, the BS transmits information to the legitimate user with the $k$-th best (highest) signal-to-interference ratio. We derive a closed-form expression for the secrecy outage probability for an arbitrary $N$ and an asymptotic expression for a fixed $k$ and large $N$. Furthermore, we derive a closed form asymptotic expression for the ergodic secrecy capacity of the $k$-th best user and show that it scales like $O\left(\log(N)\right)$ for a fixed $k$ and large $N$.

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arXiv2018

On the Asymptotic Throughput of the k-th Best Secondary User Selection in Cognitive Radio Systems

We analyze the asymptotic average and effective throughputs of a multiuser diversity scheme for a secondary multiuser network consisting of multiple secondary users (transmitters) and one secondary receiver. Considering a transmit power adaptation strategy at the secondary users to satisfy the instantaneous interference constraint at the primary receiver, the secondary receiver selects the $k$-th best secondary user for transmission, namely, the one with the $k$-th highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We use extreme value theory to show that the $k$-th highest SNR converges uniformly in distribution to an inverse gamma random variable for a fixed $k$ and large number of secondary users. We use this result to derive closed-form asymptotic expressions for the average and effective throughputs of the $k$-th best secondary user.

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