Ramsey numbers of graphs with most degrees bounded in random graphs
For graphs $F$ and $G$, let $F\to G$ signify that any red/blue edge coloring of $F$ contains a monochromatic $G$. Denote by ${\cal G}(N,p)$ the random graph space of order $N$ and edge probability $p$. Using the regularity method, one can show that for any fixed $p\in (0,1]$, almost all graphs $F\in{\cal G}(cn,p)$ have $F\to G$ for any graph $G$ of order $n$ and all but at most $m$ degrees bounded, where $c$ is an integer depending on $p$ and $m$. Note that $r(K_{m,n})\sim 2^m n$ and $r(K_m+\overline{K}_n)\sim 2^m n$ as $n\to\infty$, for which we investigate the relation between $c$ and $p$. Let $N=\lfloor c\,2^m n\rfloor$ with $c>1$ and $p_u,p_\ell=\frac{1}{c^{1/m}}(1\pm \sqrt{\frac{M\log n}{n}}\,)$, where $M=M(c,m)>0$. It is shown that $p_u$ and $p_\ell$ are Ramsey thresholds of $K_{m,n}$ in ${\cal G}(N,p)$. Namely, almost all $F\in{\cal G}(N,p_u)$ and almost no $F\in{\cal G}(N,p_\ell)$ have $F\to K_{m,n}$, respectively. Moreover, it is shown that $p_u$ and $p_\ell$ are (ordinary) upper threshold and lower threshold of $K_m+\overline{K}_n$ to appear in ${\cal G}(N,p/2)$, respectively. We show that ${\cal G}(N,p/2)$ can be identified as the set of red (or blue) graphs obtained from $F\in{\cal G}(N,p)$ by red/blue edge coloring of $F$ with probability $1/2$ for each color, which leads to the definition of the weak Ramsey thresholds.