arXiv subjects

Yeongjun Jang

Publications and source records attributed to Yeongjun Jang.

12 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

On the invariance of risk-sensitive LQR gain under input randomization

This paper shows that the optimal gain of the risk-sensitive linear quadratic regulator (LQR) problem is invariant under input randomization, i.e., when the controller deliberately injects noise into the nominal control input. This appears counterintuitive at first glance because certainty equivalence does not hold for risk-sensitive LQR and input randomization inflates the effective process noise. Nonetheless, the gain is preserved because the input noise enters not only the system dynamics but also the cost functional, and its total effect on the gain eventually vanishes. Consequently, the optimal gain and its associated Riccati recursion need not be recomputed, and the increment in the optimal cost can be readily evaluated in closed form. This result facilitates the use of risk-sensitive LQR in applications that employ input randomization for privacy or exploration, such as watermarking for replay attack detection, differential privacy, and path integral control.

math.OC↗

arXiv2026

Co-Design of Cryptographic Parameters and Delay-Aware Feedback Gain for Encrypted Control Systems

Encrypted control employs homomorphic encryption (HE) to protect both the computation and communication stages, making it a promising approach for secure networked control systems. Most existing results pre-design a controller in the plaintext domain and then implement it over encrypted data. However, this can be problematic because HE induces non-negligible communication and computation delays that typically increase with the security level, potentially degrading control performance and even destabilizing the closed-loop system. To address this issue, we propose a co-design framework for cryptographic parameters and delay-aware feedback gain. We first characterize an upper bound of the encryption-induced delay as a function of the cryptographic parameters. Then, for a given set of cryptographic parameters and feedback gain, we derive a sufficient condition under which the closed-loop system remains stable for all admissible delays, expressed as a finite set of linear matrix inequalities. This leads to a tractable outer-inner design procedure: the outer loop selects cryptographic parameters satisfying the desired security level, while the inner loop seeks a stabilizing delay-aware feedback gain.

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arXiv2026

A Distributionally Robust Optimal Control Approach for Differentially Private Dynamical Systems

In this paper, we develop a distributionally robust optimal control approach for differentially private dynamical systems, enabling a plant to securely outsource control computation to an untrusted remote server. We consider a plant that ensures differential privacy of its state trajectory by injecting calibrated noise into its output measurements. Unlike prior works, we assume that the server only has access to an ambiguity set consisting of admissible noise distributions, rather than the exact distribution. To account for this uncertainty, the server formulates a distributionally robust optimal control problem to minimize the worst-case expected cost over all admissible noise distributions. However, the formulated problem is computationally intractable due to the nonconvexity of the ambiguity set. To overcome this, we relax it into a convex Kullback--Leibler divergence ball, so that the reformulated problem admits a tractable closed-form solution.

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arXiv2026

Variational Encrypted Model Predictive Control

We develop a variational encrypted model predictive control (VEMPC) protocol whose online execution relies only on encrypted polynomial operations. The proposed approach reformulates the MPC problem into a sampling-based estimator, in which the computation of the quadratic cost is naturally handled by tilting the sampling distribution, thus reducing online encrypted computation. The resulting protocol requires no additional communication rounds or intermediate decryption, and scales efficiently through two complementary levels of parallelism. We analyze the effect of encryption-induced errors on optimality, and simulation results demonstrate the practical applicability of the proposed method.

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arXiv2026

Inverse Learning-Based Output Feedback Control of Nonlinear Systems with Verifiable Guarantees

In this paper, we present a data-driven output feedback controller for nonlinear systems that achieves practical output regulation, using noise-free input/output measurement data. The proposed controller is based on (i) an inverse model of the system identified via kernel interpolation, which maps a desired output and the current state to the corresponding desired control input; and (ii) a data-driven reference selection framework that actively chooses a suitable desired output from the dataset which has been used for the identification. We establish a verifiable sufficient condition on the dataset under which the proposed controller guarantees practical output regulation. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller, with additional evaluations in the presence of output measurement noise to assess its robustness empirically.

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arXiv2025

Taking Advantage of Rational Canonical Form for Faster Ring-LWE based Encrypted Controller with Recursive Multiplication

This paper aims to provide an efficient implementation of encrypted linear dynamic controllers that perform recursive multiplications on a Ring-Learning With Errors (Ring-LWE) based cryptosystem. By adopting a system-theoretical approach, we significantly reduce both time and space complexities, particularly the number of homomorphic operations required for recursive multiplications. Rather than encrypting the entire state matrix of a given controller, the state matrix is transformed into its rational canonical form, whose sparse and circulant structure enables that encryption and computation are required only on its nontrivial columns. Furthermore, we propose a novel method to ``pack'' each of the input and the output matrices into a single polynomial, thereby reducing the number of homomorphic operations. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed design enables a remarkably fast implementation of encrypted controllers.

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arXiv2025

Sensor Attack Detection Method for Encrypted State Observers

This paper proposes an encrypted state observer that is capable of detecting sensor attacks without decryption. We first design a state observer that operates over a finite field of integers with the modular arithmetic. The observer generates a residue signal that indicates the presence of attacks under sparse attack and sensing redundancy conditions. Then, we develop a homomorphic encryption scheme that enables the observer to operate over encrypted data while automatically disclosing the residue signal. Unlike our previous work restricted to single-input single-output systems, the proposed scheme is applicable to general multi-input multi-output systems. Given that the disclosed residue signal remains below a prescribed threshold, the full state can be recovered as an encrypted message.

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arXiv2025

Privacy-Preserving Fully Distributed Gaussian Process Regression

Although distributed Gaussian process regression (GPR) enables multiple agents to jointly learn a model of the target function, its collaborative nature poses a risk of private data leakage. To address this, we propose a privacy-preserving fully distributed GPR protocol based on secure multi-party computation, which hides each agent's individual contribution from semi-honest coalitions of bounded size, beyond what is implied by the aggregated value. Building upon a secure distributed average consensus algorithm, it guarantees that each agent's local model practically converges to the same global model obtained by the standard distributed GPR. Formal privacy guarantees are established within the simulation based security paradigm. The protocol is further extended to privacy-preserving optimization of kernel hyperparameters, which is critical yet often overlooked in the literature. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and practical applicability of the proposed method.

eess.SY↗

arXiv2025

Relative Entropy Regularized Reinforcement Learning for Efficient Encrypted Policy Synthesis

We propose an efficient encrypted policy synthesis to develop privacy-preserving model-based reinforcement learning. We first demonstrate that the relative-entropy-regularized reinforcement learning framework offers a computationally convenient linear and ``min-free'' structure for value iteration, enabling a direct and efficient integration of fully homomorphic encryption with bootstrapping into policy synthesis. Convergence and error bounds are analyzed as encrypted policy synthesis propagates errors under the presence of encryption-induced errors including quantization and bootstrapping. Theoretical analysis is validated by numerical simulations. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the RERL framework in integrating FHE for encrypted policy synthesis.

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arXiv2025

Documentation on Encrypted Dynamic Control Simulation Code using Ring-LWE based Cryptosystems

Encrypted controllers offer secure computation by employing modern cryptosystems to execute control operations directly over encrypted data without decryption. However, incorporating cryptosystems into dynamic controllers significantly increases the computational load. This paper aims to provide an accessible guideline for running encrypted controllers using an open-source library Lattigo, which supports an efficient implementation of Ring-Learing With Errors (LWE) based encrypted controllers, and our explanations are assisted with example codes that are fully available at https://github.com/CDSL-EncryptedControl/CDSL.

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arXiv2024

Ring-LWE based encrypted controller with unlimited number of recursive multiplications and effect of error growth

In this paper, we propose an encrypted dynamic controller that executes an unlimited number of recursive homomorphic multiplications on a Ring Learning With Errors (Ring-LWE) based cryptosystem without bootstrapping. The proposed controller exhibits lower computational complexity compared to existing encrypted controllers implemented on LWE based schemes due to the polynomial structure of Ring-LWE. However, the structural difference introduces additional difficulties in analyzing the effect of error growth; Ring-LWE based schemes inject multiple error coefficients when encrypting a single message, which accumulate under recursive homomorphic multiplications. We show that their effect on the control performance can be arbitrarily bounded by the closed-loop stability, thus recovering the performance of the unencrypted controller. Furthermore, a novel method to ``pack'' a vector into a polynomial is presented, which enhances computational and memory efficiency when applied to the proposed encrypted controller. The effectiveness of the proposed design is demonstrated through numerical simulations.

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arXiv2024

A Learning With Errors based encryption scheme for dynamic controllers that discloses residue signal for anomaly detection

Although encrypted control systems ensure confidentiality of private data, it is challenging to detect anomalies without the secret key as all signals remain encrypted. To address this issue, we propose a homomorphic encryption scheme for dynamic controllers that automatically discloses the residue signal for anomaly detection, while keeping all other signals private. To this end, we characterize the zero-dynamics of an encrypted dynamic system over a finite field of integers and incorporate it into a Learning With Errors (LWE) based scheme. We then present a method to further utilize the disclosed residue signal for implementing dynamic controllers over encrypted data, which does not involve re-encryption even when they have non-integer state matrices.

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