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Yi Lou

Publications and source records attributed to Yi Lou.

8 recordsLinked to original sources

On The Hausdorff Dimension of Weighted Badly Approximable Vectors

Let $\boldsymbol{\tau}=(\tau_1,\dots,\tau_m)\in \mathbb{R}_{\ge 0}^m$ satisfy $\sum_{i=1}^m \tau_i>1$ and $\tau_1\ge \cdots \ge \tau_m$ Let $\Psi_{\boldsymbol\tau}=(\psi_1,\dots,\psi_m)$ be given by $$ \psi_i(q)=q^{-\tau_i}, \qquad i=1,\dots,m,$$ and denote by $\mathcal{A}_m(\Psi_{\boldsymbol\tau})$ the set of $\Psi_{\boldsymbol\tau}$-approximable vectors in $[0,1]^m$. The associated set of weighted $\Psi_{\boldsymbol\tau}$-badly approximable vectors is defined by $$\mathcal{B}_m(\Psi_{\boldsymbol\tau}) = \mathcal{A}_m(\Psi_{\boldsymbol\tau}) \setminus \bigcap_{0<c<1}\mathcal{A}_m(c\Psi_{\boldsymbol\tau}).$$ The main result of this paper is that, for every ball $B\subseteq [0,1]^m$, \[ \dim_{\mathcal{H}}\bigl(B\cap \mathcal{B}_m(\Psi_{\boldsymbol\tau})\bigr) = \dim_{\mathcal{H}}\mathcal{A}_m(\Psi_{\boldsymbol\tau}). \] The proof extends the Cantor-type construction and mass distribution arguments of Koivusalo, Levesley, Ward, and Zhang from the unweighted to the weighted setting, and is independent of recent results on weighted exact approximation.

math.NT

Silhouette Score Efficient Radio Frequency Fingerprint Feature Extraction

Radio frequency fingerprint (RFF) identification technology, which exploits relatively stable hardware imperfections, is highly susceptible to constantly changing channel effects. Although various channel-robust RFF feature extraction methods have been proposed, they predominantly rely on experimental comparisons rather than theoretical analyses. This limitation hinders the progress of channel-robust RFF feature extraction and impedes the establishment of theoretical guidance for its design. In this paper, we establish a unified theoretical performance analysis framework for different RFF feature extraction methods using the silhouette score as an evaluation metric, and propose a precoding-based channel-robust RFF feature extraction method that enhances the silhouette score without requiring channel estimation. First, we employ the silhouette score as an evaluation metric and obtain the theoretical performance of various RFF feature extraction methods using the Taylor series expansion. Next, we mitigate channel effects by computing the reciprocal of the received signal in the frequency domain at the device under authentication. We then compare these methods across three different scenarios: the deterministic channel scenario, the independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) stochastic channel scenario, and the non-i.i.d. stochastic channel scenario. Finally, simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the silhouette score is an efficient metric to evaluate classification accuracy. Furthermore, the results indicate that the proposed precoding-based channel-robust RFF feature extraction method achieves the highest silhouette score and classification accuracy under channel variations.

eess.SP

Integrated Sensing and Communication with Massive MIMO: A Unified Tensor Approach for Channel and Target Parameter Estimation

Benefitting from the vast spatial degrees of freedom, the amalgamation of integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) and massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is expected to simultaneously improve spectral and energy efficiencies as well as the sensing capability. However, a large number of antennas deployed in massive MIMO-ISAC raises critical challenges in acquiring both accurate channel state information and target parameter information. To overcome these two challenges with a unified framework, we first analyze their underlying system models and then propose a novel tensor-based approach that addresses both the channel estimation and target sensing problems. Specifically, by parameterizing the high-dimensional communication channel exploiting a small number of physical parameters, we associate the channel state information with the sensing parameters of targets in terms of angular, delay, and Doppler dimensions. Then, we propose a shared training pattern adopting the same time-frequency resources such that both the channel estimation and target parameter estimation can be formulated as a canonical polyadic decomposition problem with a similar mathematical expression. On this basis, we first investigate the uniqueness condition of the tensor factorization and the maximum number of resolvable targets by utilizing the specific Vandermonde

cs.IT

Physical-Layer Security for Two-Hop Air-to-Underwater Communication Systems With Fixed-Gain Amplify-and-Forward Relaying

We analyze a secure two-hop mixed radio frequency (RF) and underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system using a fixed-gain amplify-and-forward (AF) relay. The UWOC channel is modeled using a unified mixture exponential-generalized Gamma distribution to consider the combined effects of air bubbles and temperature gradients on transmission characteristics. Both legitimate and eavesdropping RF channels are modeled using flexible $α-μ$ distributions. Specifically, we first derive both the probability density function (PDF) and cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the mixed RF and UWOC system. Based on the PDF and CDF expressions, we derive the closed-form expressions for the tight lower bound of the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and the probability of non-zero secrecy capacity (PNZ), which are both expressed in terms bivariate Fox's $H$-function. To utilize these analytical expressions, we derive asymptotic expressions of SOP and PNZ using only elementary functions. Also, we use asymptotic expressions to determine the optimal transmitting power to maximize energy efficiency. Further, we thoroughly investigate the effect of levels of air bubbles and temperature gradients in the UWOC channel, and study nonlinear characteristics of the transmission medium and the number of multipath clusters of the RF channel on the secrecy performance. Finally, all analyses are validated using Monte Carlo simulation.

cs.IT

Secrecy Outage Analysis of Two-Hop Decode-and-Forward Mixed RF/UWOC Systems

We analyze the secrecy performance of a two-hop mixed radio frequency (RF)/underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system using a decode-and-forward (DF) relay. All RF and UWOC links are modeled by the $α-μ$ and exponential-generalized Gamma distributions, respectively. We first derive the expressions of the secrecy outage probability (SOP) in exact closed-form, which are subsequently used to derive asymptotic expressions at high SNR that only includes simple functions for further insight. Moreover, based on the asymptotic expression, we can determine the optimal transmit power for a wide variety of RF and UWOC channel conditions. All analyses are validated using Monte Carlo simulation.

cs.IT

Performance of Underwater Wireless Optical Communications in Presents of Cascaded Mixture Exponential-Generalized Gamma Turbulence

Underwater wireless optical communication is one of the critical technologies for buoy-based high-speed cross-sea surface communication, where the communication nodes are vertically deployed. Due to the vertically inhomogeneous nature of the underwater environment, seawater is usually vertically divided into multiple layers with different parameters that reflect the real environment. In this work, we consider a generalized UWOC channel model that contains$N$ layers. To capture the effects of air bubbles and temperature gradients on channel statistics, we model each layer by a mixture Exponential-Generalized Gamma(EGG) distribution. We derive the PDF and CDF of the end-to-end SNR in exact closed-form. Then, unified BER and outage expressions using OOK and BPSK are also derived. The performance and behavior of common vertical underwater optical communication scenarios are thoroughly analyzed through the appropriate selection of parameters. All the derived expressions are verified via Monte Carlo simulations.

cs.IT

Performance of SWIPT-based Differential Amplify-and-Forward Relaying with Direct Link

A novel asymptotic closed-form probability density function (pdf) of the two-hop (TH) link is derived for a simultaneous wireless information and power transfer based differential amplify-and-forward system. Based on the pdf, asymptotic closed-form average bit-error rate expressions of the single TH link and the TH link with direct link combined with a linear combining scheme are both derived. Monte Carlo simulations verify the analytical expressions.

cs.IT

Weighted Selection Combinings for Differential Decode-and-Forward Cooperative Networks

Two weighted selection combining (WSC) schemes are proposed for a differential decode-and-forward relaying system in Rayleigh fading channels. Compared to the conventional selection combining scheme, the decision variable of the relay link is multiplied by a scale factor to combat the error propagation phenomenon. Average bit-error rate (ABER) expressions of the two proposed WSC schemes are derived in closed-form and verified by simulation results. For the second WSC scheme, asymptotic ABER expression and diversity order are derived to gain more insight into this scheme. Moreover, it is demonstrated that both WSC schemes can overcome the extra noise amplification induced by the link adaptive relaying scheme. The first WSC scheme is slightly inferior to the second one, which has a higher complexity. Both proposed WSC schemes outperform the conventional selection combining scheme.

cs.IT