arXiv subjects

Yinan Zhou

Publications and source records attributed to Yinan Zhou.

11 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

SpendableStore: A UTXO-based Decentralized Data Store

The literature on blockchain-based databases is divided into permissioned blockchains and permissionless account-based blockchains. However, the former is not fully decentralized, and the latter suffers from challenges in scalability and practicality. We propose SpendableStore, a hybrid on/off-chain database that operates on top of permissionless UTXO-based blockchains as a novel approach to the problem of data decentralization. Our design integrates atomic data units into individual UTXOs to create a new blockchain concept called Spendable Data Objects that perform traditional CRUD operations. The integrity, immutability, and ownership of these Spendable Data Objects are safeguarded directly by the blockchain peer nodes, thus constraining the power of database administrators to achieve true data decentralization. We further support database transactions and propose an isolation mechanism called Future Now Snapshot Isolation to reason about transactional correctness in SpendableStore. We performed experiments on a major blockchain's Mainnet and observed up to 16x better throughput compared to a state-of-the-art blockchain-based database.

cs.DB↗

arXiv2026

Before Thinking, Learn to Decide: Proactive Routing for Efficient Visual Reasoning

Large multimodal models have achieved strong reasoning on complex visual tasks, but their inference efficiency is often restricted by long chains of thought. A promising solution is to pair a small draft model with a large target model, enabling cooperative inference employing a routing signal that adaptively routes queries to either the draft or target model based on their difficulties for optimal efficiency and accuracy. Yet, the remaining bottleneck is to establish a reliable query difficulty signal under multimodal settings. Existing approaches designed for language models either rely on post-hoc token probabilities, which fall short in multimodal scenarios, or depend on supervised fine-tuning, which is a data-sensitive strategy. Both paradigms perform routing only after a complete output, and ignore whether the target model can actually solve the routed instances. To address this, we propose PRP, a Proactive Routing Paradigm that enables early decision-making by jointly evaluating the competence of both the draft and target models. Our Draft Rating Learning (DRL) equips the draft model with an internal confidence estimator, while Joint Rating Learning (JRL) predicts how well the target model can handle a given query, thereby prioritizing the allocation of samples it excels at rather than the hardest ones. These ratings enable fine-grained, instance-level \textbf{Proactive Routing} and substantially accelerate inference without compromising overall performance. Extensive experiments across multiple multimodal reasoning benchmarks validate our effectiveness and efficiency.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2026

Game-Theoretic Framework for Private Data Sharing in Vehicular Networks

We present a novel game-theoretic framework designed to enhance privacy and scalability in decentralized vehicular data collection systems. The proposed hybrid architecture comprises vehicles that supply sensor data, independent servers that process data via secure multiparty computation, a coordinator node that manages data flow, and data consumers that set economic incentives. Crucially, our framework ensures that only the data consumer can access the fully aggregated data, preventing individual raw data exposure and significantly reducing privacy risks. By integrating principles of the Stackelberg competition from game theory, our approach dynamically balances privacy and economic incentives, enabling vehicles to make participation decisions based on perceived privacy risks and incentives. We empirically validate our framework using real-world vehicular location data, quantifying privacy risks by evaluating the accuracy with which a potential adversary can reconstruct a vehicle's path using only a subset of the shared data. This paper details the development and deployment of a data-trading platform within this framework, introducing a practical and privacy-preserving marketplace for profitable vehicle data sharing. Through experiments and simulations, we evaluate the effectiveness of the system in preserving privacy and explore the dynamics that influence vehicle participation. Our findings highlight the robustness of the proposed framework in preserving privacy while supporting an active data market.

cs.NI↗

arXiv2026

Beyond Semantic Search: Towards Referential Anchoring in Composed Image Retrieval

Composed Image Retrieval (CIR) has demonstrated significant potential by enabling flexible multimodal queries that combine a reference image and modification text. However, CIR inherently prioritizes semantic matching, struggling to reliably retrieve a user-specified instance across contexts. In practice, emphasizing concrete instance fidelity over broad semantics is often more consequential. In this work, we propose Object-Anchored Composed Image Retrieval (OACIR), a novel fine-grained retrieval task that mandates strict instance-level consistency. To advance research on this task, we construct OACIRR (OACIR on Real-world images), the first large-scale, multi-domain benchmark comprising over 160K quadruples and four challenging candidate galleries enriched with hard-negative instance distractors. Each quadruple augments the compositional query with a bounding box that visually anchors the object in the reference image, providing a precise and flexible way to ensure instance preservation. To address the OACIR task, we propose AdaFocal, a framework featuring a Context-Aware Attention Modulator that adaptively intensifies attention within the specified instance region, dynamically balancing focus between the anchored instance and the broader compositional context. Extensive experiments demonstrate that AdaFocal substantially outperforms existing compositional retrieval models, particularly in maintaining instance-level fidelity, thereby establishing a robust baseline for this challenging task while opening new directions for more flexible, instance-aware retrieval systems.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2025

MedREK: Retrieval-Based Editing for Medical LLMs with Key-Aware Prompts

LLMs hold great promise for healthcare applications, but the rapid evolution of medical knowledge and errors in training data often cause them to generate outdated or inaccurate information, limiting their applicability in high-stakes clinical practice. Model editing has emerged as a potential remedy without full retraining. While parameter-based editing often compromises locality and is thus ill-suited for the medical domain, retrieval-based editing offers a more viable alternative. However, it still faces two critical challenges: (1) representation overlap within the medical knowledge space often causes inaccurate retrieval and reduces editing accuracy; (2) existing methods are restricted to single-sample edits, while batch-editing remains largely unexplored despite its importance for real-world medical applications. To address these challenges, we first construct MedVersa, an enhanced benchmark with broader coverage of medical subjects, designed to evaluate both single and batch edits under strict locality constraints. We then propose MedREK, a retrieval-based editing framework that integrates a shared query-key module for precise matching with an attention-based prompt encoder for informative guidance. Experimental results on various medical benchmarks demonstrate that our MedREK achieves superior performance across different core metrics and provides the first validated solution for batch-editing in medical LLMs. Our code and dataset are available at https://github.com/mylittleriver/MedREK.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2025

DOGR: Towards Versatile Visual Document Grounding and Referring

With recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), grounding and referring capabilities have gained increasing attention for achieving detailed understanding and flexible user interaction. However, these capabilities still remain underdeveloped in visual document understanding due to the scarcity of fine-grained datasets and comprehensive benchmarks. To fill this gap, we propose the DOcument Grounding and Referring data engine (DOGR-Engine), which generates two types of high-quality fine-grained document data: (1) multi-granular parsing data to improve text localization and recognition, and (2) instruction-tuning data to activate MLLMs' grounding and referring capabilities in dialogue and reasoning. Using the DOGR-Engine, we construct DOGR-Bench, a benchmark covering seven grounding and referring tasks across three document types (chart, poster, and PDF document), offering a comprehensive evaluation of fine-grained document understanding. Leveraging the generated data, we further develop DOGR, a strong baseline model that excels in text localization and recognition, while precisely grounds and refers to key textual information during conversation and reasoning, thereby advancing document understanding to a finer granularity and enable flexible interaction paradigms.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2025

DetailFusion: A Dual-branch Framework with Detail Enhancement for Composed Image Retrieval

Composed Image Retrieval (CIR) aims to retrieve target images from a gallery based on a reference image and modification text as a combined query. Recent approaches focus on balancing global information from two modalities and encode the query into a unified feature for retrieval. However, due to insufficient attention to fine-grained details, these coarse fusion methods often struggle with handling subtle visual alterations or intricate textual instructions. In this work, we propose DetailFusion, a novel dual-branch framework that effectively coordinates information across global and detailed granularities, thereby enabling detail-enhanced CIR. Our approach leverages atomic detail variation priors derived from an image editing dataset, supplemented by a detail-oriented optimization strategy to develop a Detail-oriented Inference Branch. Furthermore, we design an Adaptive Feature Compositor that dynamically fuses global and detailed features based on fine-grained information of each unique multimodal query. Extensive experiments and ablation analyses not only demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on both CIRR and FashionIQ datasets but also validate the effectiveness and cross-domain adaptability of detail enhancement for CIR.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2025

Scale Up Composed Image Retrieval Learning via Modification Text Generation

Composed Image Retrieval (CIR) aims to search an image of interest using a combination of a reference image and modification text as the query. Despite recent advancements, this task remains challenging due to limited training data and laborious triplet annotation processes. To address this issue, this paper proposes to synthesize the training triplets to augment the training resource for the CIR problem. Specifically, we commence by training a modification text generator exploiting large-scale multimodal models and scale up the CIR learning throughout both the pretraining and fine-tuning stages. During pretraining, we leverage the trained generator to directly create Modification Text-oriented Synthetic Triplets(MTST) conditioned on pairs of images. For fine-tuning, we first synthesize reverse modification text to connect the target image back to the reference image. Subsequently, we devise a two-hop alignment strategy to incrementally close the semantic gap between the multimodal pair and the target image. We initially learn an implicit prototype utilizing both the original triplet and its reversed version in a cycle manner, followed by combining the implicit prototype feature with the modification text to facilitate accurate alignment with the target image. Extensive experiments validate the efficacy of the generated triplets and confirm that our proposed methodology attains competitive recall on both the CIRR and FashionIQ benchmarks.

cs.IR↗

arXiv2024

Attention-aware convolutional neural networks for identification of magnetic islands in the tearing mode on EAST tokamak

The tearing mode, a large-scale MHD instability in tokamak, typically disrupts the equilibrium magnetic surfaces, leads to the formation of magnetic islands, and reduces core electron temperature and density, thus resulting in significant energy losses and may even cause discharge termination. This process is unacceptable for ITER. Therefore, the accurate identification of a magnetic island in real time is crucial for the effective control of the tearing mode in ITER in the future. In this study, based on the characteristics induced by tearing modes, an attention-aware convolutional neural network (AM-CNN) is proposed to identify the presence of magnetic islands in tearing mode discharge utilizing the data from ECE diagnostics in the EAST tokamak. A total of 11 ECE channels covering the range of core is used in the tearing mode dataset, which includes 2.5*10^9 data collected from 68 shots from 2016 to 2021 years. We split the dataset into training, validation, and test sets (66.5%, 5.7%, and 27.8%), respectively. An attention mechanism is designed to couple with the convolutional neural networks to improve the capability of feature extraction of signals. During the model training process, we utilized adaptive learning rate adjustment and early stopping mechanisms to optimize performance of AM-CNN. The model results show that a classification accuracy of 91.96% is achieved in tearing mode identification. Compared to CNN without AM, the attention-aware convolutional neural networks demonstrate great performance across accuracy, recall metrics, and F1 score. By leveraging the deep learning model, which incorporates a physical understanding of the tearing process to identify tearing mode behaviors, the combination of physical mechanisms and deep learning is emphasized, significantly laying an important foundation for the future intelligent control of tearing mode dynamics.

physics.plasm-ph↗

arXiv2023

Experimental investigations of quasi-coherent micro-instabilities in Ohmic plasmas

The ITG and TEM instabilities with quasi-coherent spectra have been identified experimentally, by the newly developed far-forward collective scattering measurements in J-TEXT tokamak Ohmical plasmas. The ITG mode has characteristic frequencies in the range of 30-100kHz and wavenumber of k_θρ_s<0.3. After the plasma density exceeds at critical value, the ITG mode shows a bifurcation behavior, featured by frequency decrease and amplitude enhancement. Meanwhile, the ion energy loss enhancement and confinement degradation are also observed. It gives the direct experimental evidence for ion thermal transport caused by ITG instability.

physics.plasm-ph↗

arXiv2023

Towards Unified Text-based Person Retrieval: A Large-scale Multi-Attribute and Language Search Benchmark

In this paper, we introduce a large Multi-Attribute and Language Search dataset for text-based person retrieval, called MALS, and explore the feasibility of performing pre-training on both attribute recognition and image-text matching tasks in one stone. In particular, MALS contains 1,510,330 image-text pairs, which is about 37.5 times larger than prevailing CUHK-PEDES, and all images are annotated with 27 attributes. Considering the privacy concerns and annotation costs, we leverage the off-the-shelf diffusion models to generate the dataset. To verify the feasibility of learning from the generated data, we develop a new joint Attribute Prompt Learning and Text Matching Learning (APTM) framework, considering the shared knowledge between attribute and text. As the name implies, APTM contains an attribute prompt learning stream and a text matching learning stream. (1) The attribute prompt learning leverages the attribute prompts for image-attribute alignment, which enhances the text matching learning. (2) The text matching learning facilitates the representation learning on fine-grained details, and in turn, boosts the attribute prompt learning. Extensive experiments validate the effectiveness of the pre-training on MALS, achieving state-of-the-art retrieval performance via APTM on three challenging real-world benchmarks. In particular, APTM achieves a consistent improvement of +6.96%, +7.68%, and +16.95% Recall@1 accuracy on CUHK-PEDES, ICFG-PEDES, and RSTPReid datasets by a clear margin, respectively.

cs.CV↗